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Biomedical subjects

G E Kaugars

Publications and source records attributed to G E Kaugars.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The prevalence of oral lesions in smokeless tobacco users and an evaluation of risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The widespread use of smokeless tobacco (ST) has prompted concern in regard to the development of oral lesions in long-term users. METHODS: For inclusion in the current study, a subject must have used an ST product, either snuff or chewing tobacco, for at least 6 months. The subjects were recruited by advertising, and none was referred for the evaluation of an oral lesion. The following were performed on all subjects: assessment of exposure to ST, cigarettes, and alcohol; examination of the oral cavity; a biopsy, if an oral lesion was found; and analysis of a blood sample for beta-carotene. The dietary intake of most of the subjects was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 347 ST users, all of whom were white male subjects, 45 (13.0%) had an oral lesion. Thirty-five of the lesions were hyperkeratosis and 10 were epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Snuff exposure was associated significantly with the presence of an oral lesion (P < 0.0001). A decreased vitamin C intake also was found among the ST users with oral lesions (P < 0.01). The ST users with epithelial dysplasia, as compared with those with hyperkeratotic lesions, were slightly older, had a lower intake of vitamin C (P < 0.05), and were more likely to have used chewing tobacco than snuff.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Odontogenic keratocysts: a clinical and histologic comparison of the parakeratin and orthokeratin variants.

Four hundred forty-nine cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) were separated into three histologic categories: parakeratinized, orthokeratinized, or a combination of the two types. Demographic and clinical data, such as anatomic location and recurrence, were obtained from the biopsy forms. Results showed that 86.2% of the 449 cases were parakeratinized, 12.2% were orthokeratinized, and 1.6% had features of both orthokeratin and parakeratin. There were no statistically significant differences between orthokeratinized and parakeratinized OKCs when age, race, sex, presenting symptoms, and the clinical impression were compared. The orthokeratinized OKC was more often associated with an impacted tooth (75.7%), as compared with 47.8% for the parakeratinized OKC (P = .001). Parakeratinized OKCs recurred in at least 42.6% of the cases, compared with only 2.2% for orthokeratinized OKCs. This study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between the parakeratin and orthokeratin variants of OKC. In addition, data are presented that show the need for longer follow-up than previously documented.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of oral carcinomas in smokeless tobacco users and nonusers.

Biopsy reports of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and verrucous carcinoma (VC) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco (ST) use and to ascertain if any clinical or histologic differences existed when comparing ST users with nonusers. Of the 874 SCC cases, 12 patients (1.4%) were ST users as compared with 7.7% (10 of 129) of the VC patients. The carcinomas in ST users, either SCC or VC, were diagnosed at a later age and were more likely to occur in the buccal mucosa/vestibule area. The SCCs in ST users were more often histologically well differentiated. Because of the anatomic site predilection, it appears probable that ST use is a causative factor in the development of some cases of oral carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of risk factors in smokeless tobacco-associated oral lesions.

Smokeless tobacco (ST) users and nonusers were recruited to evaluate the contribution of various risk factors (ST use, cigarettes, alcohol, and diet) in the development of oral mucosal lesions. Ninety-eight ST users with no lesion, 29 ST users with an oral lesion, and 33 nonusers were enrolled in the study. ST users with lesions, when compared with users with no lesion, were more likely to have used snuff than chewing tobacco (p = 0.01) and to have used more ST (p less than 0.01). Alcohol consumption, dietary intake of beta-carotene, and serum levels of beta-carotene were not related to an increased risk of lesion development. Our findings showed that the only significant risk factor for ST-associated oral lesions was the extent of ST exposure. Of 127 ST users, 29 (22.8%) had an oral lesion at the time of examination. Of these lesions, 23 (79.3%) were hyperkeratotic and 6 (20.7%) were epithelial dysplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Healing of periapical radiolucencies after nonsurgical endodontic therapy.

Eighty-nine periapical radiolucencies treated by nonsurgical endodontic therapy were evaluated to better understand the healing rates of these lesions. After at least 3 months after treatment, radiographs revealed that 46.1% of the lesions had resolved, 48.3% had undergone partial resolution, 2.2% were unchanged, and 3.4% were larger. The average radiographic rate of repair was 3.2 mm2/mo. Less than 6 months after treatment, 17.6% of lesions demonstrated complete radiographic resolution, whereas 70.6% showed radiographic resolution at 12 months or longer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of 334 cases.

The nasopalatine duct cyst (NPDC) is the most common cyst of nonodontogenic origin in the maxilla. However, the information reported about this lesion consists primarily of small surveys and isolated case reports. The purpose of this retrospective investigation was to gather demographic, clinical, and histologic data on a large series of NPDCs, and to compare the findings with those of previous studies. In this study, the overall mean age at diagnosis was 42.5 years, and there was a slight male predilection. The mean radiographic diameter was 17.1 mm, but 75% of the lesions were 20 mm or less in diameter. Symptoms were present in at least 70% of the cases. Only 28% of the specimens contained respiratory epithelium. There was no correlation between radiographic size, patient's age, presenting symptoms, or type of epithelium. Recurrence was noted in only 2% of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of environmental factors on film badge dosimetry readings of dental office personnel.

Inadvertent exposure of film badges to environmental factors may produce fogging of the film and yield higher radiation exposure readings. Common environmental factors in everyday living were studied to assess their effect on film badge readings. Only heat appeared to have any significant effect, because moisture, chemicals, pressure, cold temperature, and non-work-related electromagnetic radiation did not substantially alter film badge readings. Therefore not all unexplained high readings on personnel film badge reports may be due to heat or other common environmental factors evaluated in this study.

Automobiles↗
PubMed1989

Smokeless tobacco use and oral epithelial dysplasia.

One hundred eight patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of epithelial dysplasia of the oral cavity and a prior history of smokeless tobacco (ST) usage were identified. The mean age at time of diagnosis for female patients was almost a decade later than for male patients (63.6 versus 51.2 years). In addition, women were more likely (P = 0.02) to have moderate or severe epithelial dysplasia than men. The two most common locations (buccal mucosa/vestibule and alveolar ridge/gingiva) accounted for 82.4% of all cases. In the 44 cases which specified both ST placement and biopsy site, 90.9% demonstrated epithelial dysplasia at the location used by the patient for holding the ST. When evaluating the histologic severity of epithelial dysplasia, a trend (P = 0.02) toward focal mild or mild was noted among ST users as compared to nonusers. No difference was found in the histologic grade of the lesions associated with either snuff or chewing tobacco.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Odontomas.

A total of 351 odontomas were retrieved and analyzed from 53,824 submitted specimens. The majority (53.6%) were diagnosed in the second decade of life; the most common location was the anterior portion of the maxilla (33.9%), but there was no overall predilection for the maxilla. An associated unerupted tooth was present in at least 47.6% of the cases. Dentigerous cysts were diagnosed in conjunction with 27.6% of the odontomas, and a calcifying and keratinizing odontogenic cyst was seen in 0.9% of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the oral cavity associated with AIDS.

A 34-year-old homosexual man had a large mass of the left side of the hard palate; alveolar bone resorption was observed in the area of the tumor. Microscopically, the lesion was interpreted as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and immunocytochemical marker studies were consistent with a B-lymphocyte lineage.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between the peripheral ossifying fibroma and peripheral odontogenic fibroma.

This study presents previously unreported data on a series of 400 peripheral ossifying fibromas (POFs) and 13 peripheral odontogenic fibromas (PODFs). The differences between the two lesions are discussed, and comparisons are made with other reports in the literature. It is concluded that the lesions represent separate pathologic entities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Intraosseous and extraosseous calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst).

This retrospective study of 15 central and five peripheral calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs) was undertaken to compare the characteristics of these two lesions. The data reveal that the central COCs were more common than peripheral lesions by a 3:1 ratio and that they were usually diagnosed in the second decade of life, whereas the peripheral ones were usually noted after the age of 50. Seven of the 15 central COCs (47%) were associated with odontomas, and three (20%) with dentigerous cysts. Conservative enucleation or excision was the treatment of choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An educational program for oral cancer detection.

The Virginia oral cancer screening program provides a unique educational opportunity for undergraduate dental and medical students to enhance their skills in oral diagnosis and biopsy technique. During this week-long trip to underserved areas of the state, an average of 761 patients are examined and 44 biopsies performed. Approximately 31% of all the biopsies done since 1972 have been diagnosed as either a premalignant or malignant lesion. The value of this program to both the students and the patients is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Extraosseous calcifying odontogenic cyst: report of case and review of literature.

A case report of an extraosseous calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) that appeared clinically to be a reactive lesion is presented. Review of the 28 previously published extraosseous COC cases and the current case report showed a mean age of 45.2 years at the time of diagnosis. No predilection for either gender or the maxilla or mandible was ascertained. A majority (51.9%) of cases occurred between the canines and none was posterior to the first molar. Because recurrences of an extraosseous COC have not been reported, the recommended treatment for an extraosseous COC is conservative surgical excision.

Adult↗