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Biomedical subjects

G E Afinogenov

Publications and source records attributed to G E Afinogenov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Russia: results of a prospective study.

A total of 879 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from 17 medical institutions in different regions of Russia were tested. Susceptibility to 18 antimicrobials was determined by agar dilution in accordance with the NCCLS recommendations. The most potent antimicrobials were glycopeptides, linezolid, and fusidic acid, to which no resistance was found. Other antimicrobials with low frequency of non-susceptibility were mupirocin (0.3%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (0.8%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (1.8%) and rifampicin (7.0%). Fluoroquinolones displayed moderate activity (5.8% of non-susceptible strains to moxifloxacin, 9.1% to levofloxacin, 13.1% to ciprofloxacin). High rates of non-susceptibility were found to clindamycin (27.1%), gentamicin (30.7%), tetracycline (37.1%), erythromycin (39.6%) and chloramphenicol (43.1%). The prevalence of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA) was 33.5% and varied from 0% to 89.5% in different hospitals. ORSA were isolated most frequently in the burn units (77.5%), intensive care units (54.8%), trauma and orthopedics units (42.1%). This is the first multicenter study published of antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in Russia which meets international standards.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Use of siloxane films in the treatment of contracture of the knee joint].

The siloxan film with programmed physiochemical characteristics possessing antimicrobial properties is proposed for the prevention of cicatrization in the knee joint area. Using this film as a pad after mobilizing operations on the knee joint has shown its high efficiency and considerably improved results of treatment.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1984

[Prevention of the formation of drug resistance in bacterial populations by using biologically active substances].

The patients with infected wounds of the extremities were treated with kanamycin electrophoresis in combination with chlorhexidine bigluconate, an antiseptic. As compared to the patients treated with kanamycin alone, the rate of the wound size decrease in such patients was 2 times higher. The levels of microbial contamination in these patients were much lower. The contamination level with the aerobic flora was 4.8 times lower, including staphylococci, the level of contamination with which was 5.9 times lower. The contamination level with the kanamycin-resistant bacteria was 22 times lower. The treatment with kanamycin alone resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in the number of the antibiotic-resistant variants in the microbial populations of the wounds. In 48.2 per cent of the patients, this was accompanied by development of resistance to kanamycin in the whole microbial population of the wound. The development of the kanamycin resistance in the staphylococcal populations of 18.1 per cent of the patients was associated with changed sensitivity of the initial strains and in 81.9 per cent of the patients, with superinfection by the resistant strains. No changes in the kanamycin sensitivity of the initial gram-negative organisms during the treatment were observed. The use of chlorhexidine bigluconate, as a biologically active substance in combination with kanamycin potentiated the action of the antibiotic, prevented development and accumulation of the antibiotic-resistant variants in the microbial populations of the wounds and development of the drug resistance in these populations.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1980

[Effect of detergents on the chloramphenicol inactivation process by resistent bacteria].

The effect of detergents, i. e. cationic, anionic, nonionic and polyelectrolytes of the cationic type on the efficacy of chloramphenicol against resistant strains of E. coli and Staph. aureus was studied. It was found that the detergent effect on inactivation of chloramphenicol by the bacterial resistant strains was inconsistent. The cationic detergents and in particular chlorhexidine had the most pronounced inhibitory effect. In subbacteriostatic concentrations they significantly suppressed inactivation of chloramphenicol in the cells of E. coli and Staph. aureus. The anionic detergents and polyelectrolytes of the cationic type in the above concentrations were effective only with respect to Staph. aureus. It is noted that the detergents increased the activity of chloramphenicol against E. coli and Staph. aureus.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of surface-active antiseptics on plasmid transduction of drug resistance and the transducing bacteriophages of staphylococci].

Anionic surface active substances (SAS), such as sodium alkylsulfates, iodonate, sulfanol NP-3 used in subbacteriostatic concentrations lowered at least 100 times the intensity of the erythromycin resistance plasmid in vitro on mixed cultivation of the staphylococcal cells of the donor (strain 8325/11 de) and the recipient (strain 825-1). The cationic SAS, i. e. roc cal, chlorhexidine had no such capacity. The above anionic and cationic SAS had an antiphage effect with respect to the transducing staphylococcal bacteriophages of the serological group B (80, 85, 52A, 53). Such an effect (on the example of sodium alkylsulfates) increased with prolongation of the alkyl radical from C8 to C14. A decrease in the transduction intensity of the erythromycin resistant plasmid in staphylococci was observed in the presence of the anionic SAS either possessing (alkylsulfates, iodonate) or not (sulfonol NP-3) the antiphage activity.

Anions↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of polymer complexons based on vinylpyrrolidone copolymers with vinyliminodiacetic acid and methacrtloylacetone on the antibiotic sensitivity of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains].

Polymer complexons, such as copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with vinyliminodiacetic acid and metacryloilacetone changed the permeability of the bacterial cell wall due to chelating of the metalic ions contained in the cell wall. An increase in the bacterial sensitivity to chloretracycline, methicillin, ampicillin and methicillin was observed in the presence of the above complexons.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Increase in tetracycline activity by using surface-active substances].

The antimicrobial effect of cationic and anionic surface-active substances, i.e. catamine AB and sulphonol NP-3 respectively was studied in vitro with respect to gramnegative bacteria. In non-bactericidal concentrations catamine AB significantly increased the efficacy of tetracyclines, while the anionic compound had no such effect. The increase in the tetracycline activity was due to the antibiotic increased absorption (14C-oxytetracycline as an example) on the treatment of gramnegative bacteria with catamine AB and staphylococci with catamine AB and sulphonol NP-3, which was mainly associated with impairement of the cell membrane permeability by the surface-active substances.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1977

[Mechanism of penicillinase inhibition by alkyl sulfates in the presence of synthetic polyeletrolytes].

Competing inhibition of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C penicillinase by alkylsulfates CnH2n+ 1OSO3N1 where n was 8--16 was studied. The values of the inhibition constants Ki of individual homologues were estimated. It was shown that stability of complex "enzyme-inhibitor" increased with lengthening of the hydrocarbon radical which was probably due to increased hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl radical with the lipophilic areas of the penicillinase active center. Inhibition in the presence of sopolymers of vinylpirrolidone with N-alkylvinylamine was studied with the aim of modeling the process of penicillinase inhibitions by alkylsulfates in the presence of the blood serum. It was shown that polyelectrolytes posessing hydrophobic substituents had an ability of reducing the activity of inhibited penicillinase, cooperative transfer of alkylsulfate molecules from the enzyme to polyelectrolyte being observed. The maximum effect was registered in the polyelectrolytes with substituents C12H25 and C16H33 which was confirmed in the experiments with the penicillinase-producing strains of staphylococci.

Alkanesulfonates↗
PubMed1977

[Action of various surface-active substances on the genetic transmission of R-plasmids in E. coli].

The effect of 4 groups of surface active-substances (SAS) on conjugation and transduction transfer of plasmid RIdrd from the donor of E. coli J 5-3 to the recipient of E. coli C600 was studied. It was shown that the anionic SAS (8 compounds) had the highest inhibitory effect. They completely inhibited both the conjugation and the transduction transfer of R-plasmids. The amphoteric SAS, i. e. tego-51 and ampholan had the same effect only on the transduction R-transfer. The conjugation R-transfer was inhibited by the above compounds to a significant extent but not completely, i. e. by 70.8 and 361.9 times respectively. The effect of the non-ionogenic preparations, i. e. sintanol DT-7 was even less (the inhibition coefficients of 54.8 and 22.8 on conjuction and transduction respectively). The cationic SAS, i. e. catamine AB and HIPC-200 had no effect on the genetic R-transfer. It was shown that the anionic SAS had a phagocytic effect on phage Plks. It is of interest to note that the anionic SAS, i. e. sintanol NP-3 effectively suppressed the conjugation transfer even in a concentration of 100 gamma/ml which was 1000 times lower than the subbacteriostatic one. The effectiveness of the anionic SAS did not depend on the length of the dydrocarbon chain and was the same in separate homologues and their mixtures. The high inhibitory activity of most of the SAS and especially the anionic ones with respect to both the conjugation and the transduction R-transfer was of interest.

Coliphages↗