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G D Slade

Publications and source records attributed to G D Slade.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genomic basis of developmental defects of enamel and sex-specific effects.

We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary dentition among 6,061 U.S. preschool-aged children (3-5 years). We investigated four DDE phenotypes (demarcated opacities, diffuse opacities, hypoplastic defects, and a combined DDE trait) leveraging main-effect models, joint gene-sex interaction testing (2df), and sex-stratified analyses. SNP-based heritability for the combined DDE trait was estimated at 20%, with concordance analyses robustly supporting a genetic etiology. We identified 39 unique genome-wide significant loci (P<5&#xd7;10 ), with five surpassing a study-wide Bonferroni-corrected statistical significance criterion (P<1.25&#xd7;10 9), including Y RNA and ALDH1A1. The main-effect GWAS identified 20 loci, including HBS1L and MYB, genes regulating hematopoiesis with plausible roles in amelogenesis. Joint test and sex-stratified analyses revealed 19 additional loci, including ALDH1A1, TENM2, and DLGAP2, demonstrating sex-specific heterogeneity. Nineteen loci exhibited sex-specific differences after Bonferroni correction (P<2x10-3), including genes involved in retinoic acid signaling (ALDH1A1), odontogenesis (TENM2), and neurodevelopment (DLGAP2, CDH10). Pathway enrichment highlighted ectodermal and synapse organization networks, suggesting shared etiological mechanisms between DDE and systemic conditions like neurofibromatosis and autism spectrum disorder. Notably, no locus generalized in an external GWAS of permanent dentition DDE, underscoring fundamental biological differences in the genetic architectures governing primary versus permanent enamel formation. Crucially, a comprehensive cross-trait pleiotropy lookup against early childhood caries (ECC) revealed no shared genetic architecture, supporting the notion that the established clinical and epidemiological association between DDE and ECC is likely driven by structural defects increasing caries lesion susceptibility rather than genetic pleiotropy. By integrating gene-sex interaction testing, this study offers novel insights into the complex, sexually dimorphic genetic etiology of DDE and augments the biological evidence base that can support the development of precision pediatric dentistry.

developmental defects of enamel↗
PubMed1990

Differences in oral health status between institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults.

Differences in oral health status between independent and institutionalized adults have been difficult to interpret because the latter population is typically older and has a higher proportion of women, confounding any association between institutionalization and disease levels. We undertook an analysis of oral disease amongst institutionalized (n = 149) and non-institutionalized (n = 246) samples of older adults randomly selected from the population in East York, Ontario. When the confounding effects of age and gender were controlled by constructing 67 matched pairs, institutionalized people were more than twice as likely to be edentulous (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.09-4.29). This association was confirmed using data from all subjects in a logistic regression model. Analysis of covariance of data from dentate subjects revealed that the institutionalized seniors had fewer filled teeth (P less than 0.05, controlling for age and sex), but there were no statistically significant differences in the number of teeth which were missing, decayed, or requiring extraction. These findings suggest that antecedent, sociodemographic factors prior to institutionalization are responsible for the higher probability of oral disease in this group of older adults.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of and factors associated with root decay in older adults in Canada.

We collected data on the oral health status and treatment needs of a random sample of persons aged 50 years and over. Data on root decay were obtained from the 183 subjects who were dentate. All remaining teeth were examined for root decay and restorations, whether root surfaces were affected by recession or not. Analysis was undertaken by case and root surface, with separate analyses of decayed (DS), and decayed and filled (DFS) root surfaces. One or more root surfaces with untreated decay were found in 37.2% of subjects, while one or more decayed or filled root surfaces were found in 56.8%. The mean number of decayed surfaces was 1.3 per person, and the mean number of decayed and filled root surfaces was 2.6. Multiple and logistic regression analyses showed that oral health variables were more important predictors of the presence and severity of root decay than demographic, general health, or dental care factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The oral health status and treatment needs of adults aged 65+ living independently in Ottawa-Carleton.

We report the findings from a dental survey of a random sample of 299 senior citizens living in Ottawa-Carleton. Those examined were younger, less likely to have a regular dentist, and more likely to have oro-facial pain, difficulty chewing, and to perceive a need to visit a dentist compared with those responding to the enrollment phone interview. Among the 65% of seniors who were dentate, 37% had dental decay; men and seniors with low incomes had more decay (p less than 0.05). Periodontal disease was worse among older seniors, men and poor seniors (p less than 0.05). One third of all seniors reported recent oro-facial pain, 50% had difficulty chewing foods and 30% reported some social impact resulting from their oral health. The resources required to treat the prevalent disorders were considerable and differences between dentate and edentulous people were negligible. Senior citizens expressed attitudes which indicate that they value dental health and would like help to achieve it.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The response rate problem in oral health surveys of older adults in Ontario.

We undertook two surveys of older adults in Ontario to estimate the proportion in need of dental treatment. Because we expected low response rates, these studies were designed to assess 1) the effect of response enhancement strategies on participation, and 2) the extent of bias in estimates of treatment needs resulting from less than acceptable response rates. Our response enhancement strategies did not improve response rates substantially. In both surveys, there were significant differences in the characteristics of responders and nonresponders. Nevertheless, there was little difference in crude estimates of the prevalence of treatment needs and adjusted estimates taking account of non-response bias. We conclude that, while high response rates should always be the aim, low response rates do not necessarily compromise the results of descriptive epidemiological studies.

Aged↗