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Biomedical subjects

G D Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to G D Phillips.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Deaths in intensive care: analysis and prediction.

Analysis of the data relating to the most critically ill (grade IV) patients admitted to the intensive care unit at Flinders Medical Centre in 1977 and 1978 has been carried out. The mortality rate in this group was 37% in 1977, and 32% in 1978. No absolute predictors of outcome were found, indicating the need for early aggressive investigation and management of critically ill patients. The disease state, and the presence of coma or renal failure, were useful guides to prognosis. Cardiovascular system failure was the cause of death in 51% of patients, and central nervous system failure the cause of death in 28% of patients. Comparison with other published results was difficult because of the lack of standard methods of data reporting. Maintenance of life support was ceased in 28 patients, 15 of whom did not have brain death. Criteria for making such a decision are proposed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1980

Chick edema disease syndrome in young turkey poults.

Two feeding bioassays were conducted to study the mortality pattern, incidence of edema and ascites formation and plasma composition of turkey poults fed diets containing varying levels of toxic fat (fat contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins) and/or salt. No significant changes in plasma concentrations of electrolyte and total protein and packed cell volume were observed in slaughtered poults fed diets containing toxic fat compared with poults fed a normal diet. However, a positive dose-response relationship between levels of dietary toxic fat (0,2 and 5%) and incidence of mortality with edema, ascites and hydropericardium was observed in poults fed diets containing 1% salt. The toxic effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins were accentuated by increasing the level of salt (0.5, 1 and 3%) in the diet. Mortality started at nine days of age and increased on days 10 and 11. The present experiments demonstrated that gross pathological changes similar to those reported for "chick edema disease" caused by feeding polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, could also be produced in young turkey poults. The etiology of the toxic effects of these organic compounds in edema formation is discussed.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1979

The toxic effects of saline drinking water on young turkey poults.

Turkey poults were offered ad libitum a diet containing 2.5 g salt/kg and tap water containing, 0, 90 or 105 mn NaCl to drink from 1 to 12 d of age. 2. High mortality with oedbema and ascites occurred mainly from 5 to 8 d in poults given the saline solutions. Mortality seemed to be related to salt and water intakes. 3. Plasma and body composition indicated abnormal retention of salt and water in poults younger than 12 d of age offered hypotonic saline. 4. In a second experiment using the same diet poults were offered hypotonic saline (105 mn NaCl in tap water) from 5, 9 or 13 d of age. High mortality with oedema and ascites was only observed when saline was given from 5 or 9 d. 5. The results suggest that from about 5 to 10 d of age there is a relative functional renal insufficiency which causes susceptibility to the toxic effects of saline water.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Intensive care data--I: Computer controlled analysis.

A flexible, simple computer-controlled system for analysis of administrative and clinical data in intensive care is described. The system uses an interactive data input programme to facilitate data entry, an editor to correct errors, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for data selection, retrieval and analysis. The system has the following features: data input is simple; large amounts of data can be handled rapidly and accurately; old data is readily available for comparison with new data and can be included in the present analysis; available statistical packages remove the need for a programmer; complex analyses are possible. The system has been successfully used for two years to provide administrative and clinical data which is pertinent to patient care.

Australia↗
PubMed1979

Intensive care data--II: A new unit's first two years.

Intensive care units now exist in a large number of hospitals. They vary from one another in many respects, but have one thing in common--high running costs. There are few published reports in recent years of the workload, results and effectiveness of intensive care units. This paper presents data obtained from a new unit in 1977 and 1978, using a computer-controlled system of data storage and analysis. This has provided useful information of an administrative and clinical nature, and has enabled us to compare data from year to year, as well as allowing comparisons with data from other units. The potential exists for such a system to be useful in evaluating criteria for admission and termination of care, and for cost-effectiveness studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep. 1. The role of distension, flow-rate of digesta and propulsive motility in the intestines.

1. Twelve sheep fitted with abomasal cannulas were given ad lib. access to a diet of chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay to a ascertain if the amount of digesta being transported by the intestines was limiting intake. If this was the situation, pumping a solution of the bulk-laxative methylcellulose (100 g/kg; MC) into the abomasum should have reduced intake in proportion to the mass of digesta attributable to the MC and associated water. In preliminary experiments faecal water and wet matter outputs increased by 6.2 and 7.4 g/g MC powder respectively. 2. The infusion of 2.95 kg MC/d did not affect food intake even though wet faecal output increased from a control value of 2.436 to 4.616 kg/d. The transit time of 51 Cr-EDTA through the intestines decreased only slightly during the infusion indicating that MC produced a marked increase in the mass of intestinal contents. Increasing the rate of infusion to 5.336 kg/d increased wet faecal output to 5.437 kg/d, did not change transit time but significantly decreased food intake presumably to protect the intestines from overdistension. After stopping the infusion, food intakes and faecal outputs returned to control values but transit time remained unchanged. The intake of chopped lucerne hay by sheep was not limited by the capacity of the small and large intestines to transport bulk as intake was maintained even through wet faecal output was doubled and the intestines apparently became markedly distended.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Life support systems in intensive care: a review of history, ethics, cost, benefit and rational use.

This paper outlines the development of life support systems, i.e. artificial support systems for failing essential organs such as heart, lungs, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. The current status of organ support is discussed, particularly in relation to intensive care units. Ethical problems posed by the availability of these systems are presented, cost and cost/benefit ratios are discussed, and proposals are made for the rational use of life support systems in the intensive care situation.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1970

Responses of unshorn and shorn sheep to thermal stress.

1. The effect of close shearing upon the respiratory frequency of ewes at ambient temperature of 20 degrees C and 55% relative humidity has been described.2. Removal of an adequate area of fleece (3000 cm(2) or more) on the thoraco-lumbar region resulted in a depression of respiratory responses and this was attributed to the exposure of cold receptors located beneath the fleece.3. The continued depression of respiratory frequency of partially shorn sheep (3000 cm(2)) during rising ambient temperature appears to be due to persistence of cold receptor drive originating from the shorn area.4. The absence of any rise in carotid blood temperature before the onset of polypnoea in unshorn sheep, during rising ambient temperature, suggests that the onset of panting in sheep can occur almost immediately upon a rise in ambient temperature even in the absence of any rise in the temperature of the blood supplying the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Role of naso-buccal passages in thermoregulation in sheep.

1. Experiments with a face-mask in which the temperature of the air in the face-mask was raised to 40 degrees C while the ambient temperature in the chamber was maintained at 20 degrees C, resulted in a marked increase in respiratory frequency and a slight decline in carotid blood temperature of unshorn sheep. Partially shorn sheep showed only small respiratory responses.2. Localized infra-red irradiation of the naso-buccal area of unshorn sheep also resulted in an increased respiratory rate.3. It is suggested that the initiation of polypnoea during infra-red irradiation of the naso-buccal region and following rise in the temperature of the air in the face-mask is due to stimulation of warm receptors in the upper respiratory tract.4. Cooling the naso-buccal air in the face-mask to 10 degrees C after thermal polypnoea had been established at an ambient temperature of 40 degrees C resulted in a moderate decline of 30-40 respirations/min. This decline was attributed to the stimulation of cold receptors located in the upper respiratory tract.

Animals↗