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Biomedical subjects

G D Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to G D Anderson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The use of medroxyprogesterone acetate for relief of climacteric symptoms.

Climacteric symptoms in the menopausal woman are perplexing to the physician. Recent literature concerning the relationship of estrogen to carcinogenesis has caused many women to discontinue this medication; thus, there is a need for an alternative therapy for the relief of these symptoms. The drug medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) was assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 48 subjects. Only one of the placebo-treated patients claimed any relief from climacteric symptoms while only two of the patients who received the study drug noted little or no relief (P < 0.0001). Relief from climacteric symptoms began at 4 to 7 days after entry into the study and extended for 8 to 20 weeks. The only side effects were withdrawal bleeding and a slight, transient weight gain. Depo-Provera appears to be a reliable substitute for estrogen in the treatment of climacteric symptoms. Further investigations with this medication seem indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Placental transfer of intravenous fluoride in the pregnant ewe.

Fluoride ion is produced with the biotransformation of two commonly used anesthetics, methoxyflurane and enflurane. Fluoride ion is added to prenatal vitamin preparations and water to prevent carious teeth. Very high levels of fluoride assailure. Previous studies of placental transfer of fluoride ion were conflicting. Our study in pregnant ewes revealed rapid transfer of the fluoride ion across the placenta with high fetal to maternal ratios as early as 1 minute.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effect of maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy on maternal weight gain and fetal birth weight in the rat.

The effects of the following dietary regimes on maternal body weight and weights of the products of conception were investigated in the laboratory rat: 50% dietary restriction during the catabolic phase (days 15--21) of gestation; 50% dietary restriction during the anabolic phase (days 1--14) but adequate nutrition during the catabolic phase, and 50% dietary restriction throughout gestation. Total body weight and net maternal weight at term were significantly reduced in all three test groups. Restricting dietary intake during the anabolic phase resulted in decreased maternal weight gain. Feeding an adequate diet during the catabolic phase, following restriction during the anabolic phase, caused only a slight decrease in net maternal weight, while term fetal weight approximated that of controls. Dietary restriction during the catabolic phase, or throughout gestation, caused increased net maternal weight loss. Term fetal weight in both groups was significantly lower than that of the controls, but not different from each other. The results indicate that the dam is able to mobilize nutrients stored during the anabolic phase of pregnancy. Mobilization of these nutrients did not significantly increase fetal growth, however, supporting the hypothesis that the dam is able to compartmentalize available nutrients during malnutrition and prevent serious depletion of these stores by the fetus.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The late postpartum eclampsia controversy.

The diagnosis of late postpartum eclampsia remains controversial. Six cases thought to represent eclampsia occurring 3 or more days post partum are reported, as is a review of the pertinent literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern.

The etiology of sinusoidal fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns is diverse and consequently they ave been associated with poor as well as normal fetal outcome. Four patients who demonstrated sinusoidal FHR patterns are reported, and the factors associated with these patterns and their effect on fetal outcome are discussed. Three of the babies were delivered by emergency cesarean section and were markedly depressed at birth. Two of the infants died and the third required prolong hospitalization. The fourth baby was delivered vaginally and had a normal outcome. The possible pathophysiology is discussed and recommendations are made for the management of this FHR pattern.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1980

Placental transfer and other physiologic studies with intravenous butorphanol in the anesthetized pregnant ewe.

In clinical evaluation, butorphanol has been used in labor pain with analgesia and newborn outcome comparable to meperidine. Only limited placental transfer studies have been done in the human. The placental transfer and effect of intravenous butorphanol (2 mg) on avrious cardiovascular parameters were determined in anesthetized sheep. Serum butorphanol was determined by a specific radioimmunoassay. Butorphanol 2 mg intravenously did not affect the measured cardiovascular parameters in either ewe or fetus. Butorphanol could be demonstrated in the fetal circulation within one minute of administration and appeared to reach equilibrium in the maternal circulation rapidly and to remain in equilibrium thereafter. A biexponential decline of butorphanol was observed in the maternal serum with a terminal elimination half-life of 50 minutes. The data suggest butorphanol distribution in the pregment ewe can be conceptualized by the two compartment model, with the fetus as part of the peripheral compartment. These studies support the clinical finding from other studies that butorphanol appears to be a safe analgesic for use in labor pain.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1979

Nutrition in pregnancy--1978.

Nutrition in pregnancy is receiving increased emphasis with the reports of adverse effects of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs on the outcome of pregnancy. Numerous articles concerning nutrition in pregnancy have appeared in the lay press. Almost daily a new method of weight reduction appears as a panacea for a weight conscious public. Both the woman and her physician may be confused, since during the last 40 years women have been starved, told to eat no meat, to eat red meat, or to eat ad lib because there should be no limit on weight gain during pregnancy. Can the practitioner with little formal education in nutrition identify the woman likely to be nutritionally at risk? If identified what should they be counseled regarding weight gain in pregnancy? Reasons for the changes in attitude about nutrition in pregnancy are reviewed herein, and methods of identifying the woman nutritionally at risk are presented. The importance of grouping women into underweight, normal weight, and overweight categories and of making individualized weight gain recommendations are discussed.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1978

Breast cancer in 3,558 women: age as a significant determinant in the rate of dying and causes of death.

The forces of mortality created by cancer of the breast have been examined utilizing data collected during the past 19 years by the Syracuse, N. Y., Upstate Medical Center Cancer Registry on 3,558 women. Except for 15 lost to follow-up, all have been contacted annually through 1974 or until death. Time and cause were recorded for all deaths. In April, 1975, 1,883 remain alive and in the registry and 1,660 women have died. Using life-table analyses and considering deaths due only to breast cancer, mortality rates were calculated for three age groups--21 to 50 years, 51 to 70 years, and 71 to 100 years. Breast cancer expresses its lethality most vigorously in the oldest group. The half-death time (50% mortality rate) for the youngest group was 13 years, for the middle group 8 years, and for the oldest group 5 years. The rate of dying was a function of both age and stage at diagnosis. At 16 to 18 years after diagnosis, deaths due to breast cancer begin to disappear. Eighty-eight percent of the women who died following a diagnosis of cancer of the breast have died of their breast cancer. Age as well as stage at diagnosis are significant determinants on the length of survival and cause of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Surgery and anesthesia in Ontario.

Operative and case-fatality rates in Ontario for eight elective (discretionary) and seven nonelective (nondiscretionary) operations and the proportions of these operations and their anesthetic procedures performed by general practitioners were calculated. Cholecystectomy increased in frequency 32% from 1968 through 1973, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy decreased 37%, and hysterectomy increased 41%. Except for colectomy the rates for nonelective operations changed only slightly over the 6 years. Case-fatality rates (hospital deaths per 10000 operations) for the discretionary operations in 1973 were as follows: extraction of lens, 23.1; tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, 0.4 (2 deaths among 52938 operations); varicose vein stripping, 6.1; nonrecurrent inguinal herniorrhaphy, 21.9; cholecystectomy, 61.0; hemorrhoidectomy, 9.8; prostatectomy, 115.9; and hysterectomy, 9.6. In 1973 general practitioners did 32% of tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies (61% in 1971), 10 to 20% of inguinal herniorrhaphies, hemorrhoidectomies and appendectomies and 6% or less of the other operations. However, they performed 35% or more of the anesthetic procedures for these four operations as well as for varicose vein stripping, cholecystectomy and hysterectomy. Rates of general-practice surgery and anesthesia in an urban centre in Ontario were substantially less than those for the province as a whole.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Diagnostic ultrasound for detection of intrauterine growth retardation.

There were 738 fetal BPD determined in 468 normal obstetric patients between 16 and 43 weeks in whom (1) the size of the uterus on initial examination corresponded to the duration of amenorrhea +/- 1 week and (2) there were no complications during the pregnancy. The mean BPD +/- 2 S.D. was determined for each week. The rate of BPD growth was found to be 0.26 cm. per week from 18 to 38 weeks. One hundred random high-risk obstetric patients in whom the size of the uterus on initial examination corresponded to the weeks of amenorrhea +/- 1 week were studied. Two patterns of suspected IUGR are observed: one shows BPD values more than 2 S.D. below the mean; the other manifests a decreased delta BPD. Combinations of the two may be seen. At delivery seven neonates were identified who were SGA and could not be detected in utero by single BPD measurements.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1976

Salmonella in horses: a source of contamination of horsemeat in a packing plant under federal inspection.

Cecal samples from 270 slaughter horses revealed that 41 samples (15.1%) contained Salmonella. Of 233 horsemeat samples tested, Salmonella was isolated from 62 samples, or 26.6%. Only 2 of 158 human stool specimens from the plant workers revealed Salmonella. Predominant serotypes isolated from the horsemeat were Salmonella enteritidis Good and Anatum, whereas the serotypes Agona and Derby predominated the horse cecal isolates. Preliminary data indicate that the high percentage of meat contamination is surface contamination due to poor slaughtering technique.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of terbutaline in exercise-induced asthma.

A double blind study of 5 asthmatic subjects in remission demonstrated that the severity of bronchoconstriction after exercise was decreased by a single oral dose of 5 mg of terbutaline. The effect lasted for at least 6 hours and was significantly better than the protection afforded by 20 mg of metaproterenol, which was itself more effective than a placebo. In these doses, neither terbutaline nor metaproterenol affected heart rate or blood pressure at rest or in exercise, and no drug-induced side effects were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Surgical rates in the Canadian provinces, 1968 to 1972.

Canadian and provincial rates for eight elective and seven nonelective operations were determined from 1968 through 1972. Of the elective procedures considered, the Canadian tonsillectomy rate decreased substantially and rates for hysterectomy and cholecystectomy showed large increases. The provinces reflected national trends for these three operations. Except for coletomy, which increased 36%, rates for the nonelective procedures showed little change. Correlations between the numbers of surgical personnel and the elective surgery rates in the provinces were demonstrated in 3 of the 5 years; these are best shown at the extremes. Newfoundland had the fewest surgeons, a bed: population ratio below the national average and the lowest combined elective surgical rate; Alberta ranked high in all three categories. In the seven other provinces, there was less variation in the number of surgeons, hospital beds and elective surgical rates. Provinces with extensive insurance coverage prior to universal medical insurance reduced their combined elective surgery rate, while provinces where fewer people were insured showed increases. In the absence of different methods of payment for surgical services and marginal changes in the number of hospital beds and the number of surgeons, more insured persons produced more elective surgery.

Canada↗
PubMed1975

Nurse practitioners in primary care iv. Impact of an interdisciplinary team on attitudes of a rural population.

Attitudes toward the expanded role of nurse practitioners in primary care (family practice nurses) have been determined for persons from a semirural area who chose as their principal souce of care an interdisciplinary family medical centre (FMC) incorporating two nurse practitioners, and those for whom the FMC was not the usual source of care. Data were obtaine using"before-and-after" structured interviews of a random sample of persons living in a southern Ontario township. Slowly evolving, nonsignificant trends of greater acceptance were observed among patiens who had dealth with family practice nurses. The greatest change observed was an increased acceptance of the nnurse by FMC users as the person who would be contacted as a second choice if theirfirst choice, usually a physician, could not be reached in specific worrry-inducing situations. FMC users depended more on nurses to provide information. A conclusion of increased general acceptance of the family practive nurse by FMC users is supported by a 34 per cent higher use of nurses by FMC patients compared to other persons of comparable characteristics living in the same community.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1975

Amniotic fluid phospholipids and fetal lung maturity. I. Assessment of various methods of determining lecithin and sphingomyelin.

The measurement of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid as an index of fetal lung maturity has been a controversial and much-discussed topic since the initial report of this procedure appeared in the literature in 1971. Our laboratory has investigated several methods of measuring phospholipid components of amniotic fluid and compared relative reproducibility and accuracy. Correlation of these phospholipid determinations with the clinical presence or absence and relative severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome forms the basis of this report. Our findings indicate that careful attention to the biochemical basis of this test results in the ability to predict with great accuracy developmental respiratory distress syndrome. This presentation describes our method of determining lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in amniotic fluid, compares our results with other tests for determining fetal maturity, and assesses the value of this procedure in clinical situations.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1975

Immunoreactive calcitonin in the mother, neonate, child and adult.

Immunoreactive calcitonin (iCT) was measured in umbilical arterial and venous blood and in maternal peripheral blood in 32 normal deliveries. The results were compared with values found in nonpregnant adult females. The umbilical arterial blood contained significantly higher concentrations of iCT than umbilical venous blood (p less than 0.001). The serum iCT in maternal peripheral blood was significantly higher than in normal nonpregnant subjects (p less than 0.001). Serum iCT was also measured in 342 male and female subjects ranging in age from 1 hour to 60 years. Serum iCT was found to be high early in life and to diminish with age. Our data suggest that calcitonin may be of physiologic significance in bone formation during intrauterine life and childhood. High serum iCT may also be responsible for the hypocalcemia seen in the neonatal period.

Age Factors↗