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Biomedical subjects

G Couly

Publications and source records attributed to G Couly.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Functional anatomy and terminal tubules of Stensen's duct].

The dynamic anatomy of STENSEN's duct is somewhat different from what is usually accepted. GUERRIER, COURBIER and FRANCHEBOIS had indeed admitted that the buccinator msucle acted as a passive sphincter, without however mentioning the presence of terminal siphons and canalar valvules and without drawing particular attention to their dynamic relationship. This duct should not be considered inert, as part of a theoretical bayonet-like pathway which is more topographical than functional: the buccinator muscle and STENSEN's duct with its valvules and terminal siphons should be considered together as forming the real salivation apparatus.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[The temporomandibular joint in the newborn infant. Oto-meniscal relations].

Although they are anatomically immature at the time of birth, the temporomandibular joints are able to ensure efficient suction due to the branchial blastema interposed between the two articular nuclei. This conjunctive formation is the principal factor in the constitution of the meniscus and its frena, the articular surfaces, the capsule and the ligaments. This constitutes not only an embryological but also a functional entity. The joint runs the risk of paying heavily for this functional availability, by its relationship with the ear-drum which is a potentially infectious cavity. In fact, at birth there is still evidence of the original branchial continuum between the unknit tympanal and squamosal in the shape of the posterior meniscal frenum, the conjunctivo-vascular isthmus which puts the vascularization of the mucosa of the ear-drum in communication with the very rich vascularization of the neonatal temporo-mandibular articulation. Therefore, 1/3 of the so-called congenital temporo-mandibular ankyloses, apparently without cause, could probably be explained by the otomeniscal relationship existing in the new-born baby and continuing during the first few months of life in the atmosphere in the form of a conjunctivo-vascular link.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1976

[Microscopic anatomy and muscle architecture of the commissure of the lips in the newborn infant and the adult].

The muscular structure of the commissura of the buccal orifice in humans confers on it a special significance. It consists of two layers each apparently having a well-defined function. Deep layer. Quite distinct at the embryonic stage, it develops rapidly in the new-born. It consists of the internal orbicular muscle, or Poirier's sphincter oris, and the two buccinator muscles. This layer, of functional importance for digestion, is formed by a central sphincter surrounded by two cavitary muscles. In the new-born, it forms a real suction apparatus. From this point of view, the internal orbicular and the two buccinator muscles are the equivalent respectively of the circular and longitudinal fibres of the muscular digestive tunic. This layer is more cavitary and sphincteral than platysmal. Superficial layer. Platysmal, muscular it is dependent on the cephalic superficial fascia, it is mimetic. This layer is made up of platysmal muscles converging on the commissura. The labial muscular network of the platysmal muscles forms the external orbicular. This layer, which is rudimentary in the new-born, develops during growth alongside relationships (mimic-phonation). It appears complete in adults. Facial superposition and commissural fusion of the deep and superficial layers confer a dual function of the buccal orifice: --digestive by means of the deep sphinctero-cavitary layer, --mimetic by means of the superficial platysmal layer. Wilst growth is taking place, the digestive layer in fact assumes mimetic function and the platysmal layer may intervene at will in the functioning of the digestive sphincter. The commissura labiorum is the anatomical site at which the cutaneous and digestive coats converge. Briefly, the buccal orifice is a digestive sphincter complete with mimetic function. Has not the face become a cortical organ in the course of evolution?

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[The oto-meniscal relationship of temporo-mandibular joint in the new-born man (author's transl)].

Although they are anatomically immature at the time of birth, the temporo-mandibular joints are able to ensure efficient suction due to the branchial blastema interposed between the two articular nuclei. This conjunctive formation is the principal factor in the constitution of the meniscus and its frena, the articular surfaces, the capsule and the ligaments. This constitutes not only an embryological but also a functional entity. The joint runs the risk of paying heavily for this functionnal availability, by its relationship with the ear-drum which is a potentially infectious cavity. In fact, at birth there is still evidence of the original branchial continuum between the unknit tympanal and squamosal in the shape of the posterior meniscal frenum, the conjunctivo-vascular isthmus which puts the vascularization of the mucosa of the ear-drum in communication with the very rich vascularization of the neonatal temporo-mandibular joint. Therefore, 1/3 of the so-called congenital temporo-mandibular ankyloses, apparently without cause, could probably be explained by the otomeniscal relationship existing in the new-born baby and continuing during the first few months of life in the form of a conjunctivo-vascular link.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1975

[Temporomandibular menisci].

The temporo-mandibular meniscus is an anatomical structure which has been the subject of very little recent research. The usual macroscopic and dynamic tests were actually carried out on anatomical specimens taken from injected corpses whose anatomical structures were discoloured, stiff, hardened and unrecognizable, or from meniscectomy for pathological meniscus. In order to approximate as nearly as possible to the actual conditions under which anatomical testing is carried out, we dissected and removed 50 temporo-mandibular meniscuses from fresh corpses (14 females, 11 males between the ages of 42 and 78). Here are the partial conclusions from the macroscopic, microscopic and mechanical study of these 50 meniscuses caried out by us.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The dynamic complex of the temporomandibular meniscus].

The existence of meniscocapsular insertions of the temporal, masseter and external pterygoid muscles complicates the scheme of capsulo-meniscal dynamics. Our findings do indeed agree with those of DUBECQ (Bordeaux); but we think that the insertions of the masseter and the temporal are not only fine tracts. In the embryon, the meniscus is the preglossal mekelian conjunctival blastema, which receives the 3 masticatory muscles on its anterior border. In the adult, menisco-capsulo-muscular relationships are not modified; inspite of considerable functional adaptation of the articulation to varied stimuli, the menisco-capsular apparatus seems to be triply controlled by 3 musculo-masticatory bands, owing to the anterior premeniscal tendinous lamina, in histological continuity with the meniscus and rich in corpuscles of deep sensitivity. The resultant of the tridirectional muscular traction of the masseter, external pterygoid and temporal is a force in the postero-anterior oblique direction, downwards and forwards, which allows the meniscus to stretch, as was shown by Pr Delaire, and thus to have a sub-temporal sliding pathway of 8 to 12 mm. The three muscle bundles external pterygoid, temporal and masseter constitute the dynamic complex of the meniscus.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1975

[Bone statics of the face: the frontal-sphenoid-pterygoid bone pillars as biomechanic equivalents of the mandible].

In general biomechanics, trabecular osteo-architectonics is considered as a response to the mechanical strains present in the bone (compression or traction). The facial and cephalic skeleton is no exception to this law. The study of the bony architectionic provides the proof, since we have demonstrated in the fixed facial bone mass (at the limits of the facial skeleton and the skeleton of the base of the skull) the biomechanical equivalent of the mandible: the cranio-facial pterygo-spheno-frontal bony pillars. Paired, symmetrical and with a medio-frontal junction, they represent an embryological, anatomical and functional entity. Their ossification (mixed) may be compared to that of the mandible. They are made up of directional trabecular bone which may be analysed by stereology, electron microscope scanning and by strain gauges. Each pillar is made up of: - A part free of musculature corresponding to the supra-orbital frontal arch, which receives the four vertical pillars (naso-maxillary and maxillo-malo-frontal) of the superficial system of the face which transmit to the supra-orbital frontal arch the ascending mechanical strains of mastication registered in the spongy hard palate. The supra-orbital frontal arch is the biomechanical homologue in the fixed facial mass of the tooth bearing bony base of the mandible. - A spheno-pterygoid part, into which are inserted the alimentary muscles of the cephalic region (masticators, velar and superior pharyngeal). There is further functional homology between the ascending ramus of the mandible and the pterygoid greater wings and apophyses complex of the sphenoid. The 2 pterygo-spheno-frontal pillars also participate in the osseous statics of the orbit and the osseous statics of the temporo-mandibular joint. The basi-sphenoid plays a role of first importance in the general statics of the cephalic region. Thus the two pterygo-spheno-frontal pillars, biomechanical homologues of the mandible in the fixed facial mass, underline the functional interdependence of the osseous, dental and muscular systems of the cephalic region, a region which should be viewed as being in a stade of permanent dynamic equilibrium during growth and in the adult.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

[Masticatory sysarcosis. Significance in maxillofacial surgery and pathology].

The masticatory muscles and the vertical ramus move in a closed aponeurotic lodge; sliding spaces containing cellulo-adipose formations, veritable sysarcoses, are situated between the muscles of mastication as well as between these muscles and their osteo-aponeurotic covering. Sysarcoses are embryological, anatomical and functional units. Bichat's ball must be considered as being the antero-inferior pole of these cellulo-adipose containing spaces. Apart from the mechanical role of these spaces, their value in pathology and in traumatological surgery must again be pointed out, because firstly they are the pathways of approach and fixation of fractures of the zygomamalar region. They are also of great value in reparatory surgery as knowledge of the vascularization of the fat in these spaces enables the making of flaps of fat in the surrounding area.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rotation myoplasty using the sternocleidomastoid muscle, together with hemimandibulectomy].

Rotation myoplasty using the sternomastoid muscle in association with hemi-mandibulectomy would appear to be of value for two reasons:--functional, strengthening the wall of the buccal cavity and providing a contour capable of containing the prosthesis, following fibrous transformation of the muscle,--plastic, restoring the aesthetic symmetry of the lower half of the face.

Blood Vessels↗