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Biomedical subjects

G Copinschi

Publications and source records attributed to G Copinschi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Prolactin secretion in Cushing's disease.

PRL secretion was evaluated in 11 patients with Cushing's disease (7 women, 4 men). Basal morning levels were elevated when compared to normal subjects. PRL reactivity to TRH and hypoglycemia was normal in most patients. The 24-h mean PRL levels were elevated, with partial or total alteration of the nyctohemeral rhythm. Cure of Cushing's disease by selective pituitary adenomectomy restored a normal PRL secretion.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Regression of lung size in adults with growth hormone deficiency.

Pulmonary function was investigated in eight patients with hypopituitarism in order to determine if the lung is affected by the generalized visceral atrophy of hypopituitarism; six patients with acromegaly and trophic hormone deficiencies were studied for comparison. The patients with hypopituitarism, including one with isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency, had a restrictive type of ventilatory impairment (total lung capacity was 76.7 +/- 4.7 per cent of predicted, p less than 0.005) which was not influenced by cortisone, thyroxine or sex hormone replacement therapy. In contrast, the patients with acromegaly, despite deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones, had larger lungs than controls (total lung capacity was 119.5 +/- 5.0 per cent of predicted, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that GH influences the lung volume in adult man and that the loss of GH secretion is likely to be responsible for the restrictive ventilatory impairment associated with hypopituitarism. Further studies showed that this restrictive defect was not related to neuromuscular impairment or to an abnormality of chest wall mechanics, and suggested that the ventilated air spaces retained normal elastic properties. It appears that a decrease in lung size occurs in patients who develop GH deficiency and thus, that normal levels of GH are necessary for maintaining normal lung size during adult life.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1978

Acute endocrine profile of sulpiride in the human.

Normal men and normally menstruating women received i.m. injections of 0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg sulpiride. This psychotropic drug induced a very rapid (already significant after 5 minutes) and sustained (still significant after 7 hours) elevation of prolactin (PRL) concentrations in all subjects with no consistent modification of LH and FSH. After injection of 4.0 mg/kg, there was similarly no modification of mean TSH concentrations in the women tested in the luteal phase, as well as of mean GH levels in men. Sulpiride prevented the inhibitory effect on PRL levels of 500 mg levodopa, administered orally simultaneously; levodopa administered 2 hours prior to sulpiride failed to counteract the PRL-stimulatory effect of sulpiride. Under chronic sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinaemia, levodopa exhibited however a very slight inhibitory effect on PRL concentrations. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that sulpiride acts mainly at the pituitary level by blocking dopamine receptors of the lactotropes and support the concept that the menstrual cycle perturbations observed under chronic sulpiride administration result from hyperprolactinaemia itself or from a mechanism quite similar to that by which sulpiride induces hyperprolactinaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Simultaneous study of cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin nyctohemeral variations in normal and obese subjects. Influence of prolonged fasting in obesity.

Hourly integrated concentrations (IC) of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and cortisol were determined by a continuous sampling procedure in six obese women, before and at the end of a 12 day fast, and in eight normal controls under basal conditions. Hormonal 24 h IC and nyctohemeral variations were calculated from these data. Nyctohemeral rhythms were investigated by the periodogram method. A significant increase over basal values of 24 h IC of PRL, GH and cortisol was observed at the end of the fasting period. Nyctohemeral variations--but not nyctohemeral rhythm--of IC-GH were found in normal subjects. They were abolished in obese patients under basal conditions but restored during fasting. The circadian rhythm of cortisol was not altered in obesity. A shift of the normal nyctohemeral rhythm of PRL was observed in obese patients, but the normal pattern was restored during fasting.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Thyrotrophin, prolactin and growth hormone responses to TRH in barbiturate coma and in depression.

The effects of 200 microgram thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) i.v. on thyrotrophin (TSH), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and triiodothyronine (T3) were studied in eight patients with barbiturate coma due to attempted suicide, in the same patients after recovery, in eight depressive patients and in eight normal controls. The patients with barbiturate coma presented normal basal TSH and PRL, elevated basal GH and normal PRL but blunted TSH responses to TRH; their GH concentrations varied widely without consistent relation to TRH administration. The same patients after recovery from coma presented normal TSH and PRL, slightly elevated basal GH, and normal PRL but blunted TSH responses to TRH; in four of these patients, a clear-cut rise in GH (i.e. more than 10 ng/ml) occurred after TRH administration. The depressive patients presented normal basal TSH and PRL, slightly elevated basal GH, and normal PRL but blunted TSH responses to TRH; in four of these patients, a moderated rise in GH (less than 10 ng/ml) occurred after TRH administration. The increment in T3 concentrations 120 min after TRH was found reduced in the comatose patients only. Basal cortisol was measured in all the subjects and found elevated in the comatose patients only. It is concluded that the abnormal TSH and GH responses to TRH observed in patients with barbiturate coma are more likely related to depressive illness than to an effect of barbiturates at the pituitary level. Barbiturates might affect thyroid secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The endocrinometabolic effects of beclomethasone dipropionate in asthmatic patients.

The endocrinometabolic effects of the aerosol administration of beclomethasone dipropionate (100 microng four times daily) were evaluated in 20 asthmatic patients (11 corticodependent and nine noncorticodependent) during one month. In the noncorticodependent group, aerosol administration of beclomethasone had no statistically significant effect on the results of the glucose tolerance test and the plasma levels of insulin; there was a slight decrease in basal levels of cortisol, but the response of the cortisol level to administration of ACTH remained quite normal. In corticodependent patients, after substitution of aerosol therapy with beclomethasone for the oral therapy with steroids, the depression of adrenal function disappeared, usually quickly (in less than one month), whereas the abnormalities in the results of the glucose tolerance test persisted. Thus, at the dosage used, beclomethasone dipropionate might have minor systemic endocrinometabolic effects.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

Pituitary and extrapituitary effects of somatostatin in normal man.

The effects of synthetic linear somatostatin on basal circulating levels on several pituitary and pancreatic hormones, and of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) were studied in 6 normal men after an overnight fast. A priming intravenous infusion of 250 mug of somatostatin in 18 sec was followed by a constant infusion of 500 mug over a period of 60 min. A decrease in plasma values of GH, prolactin, TSH, insulin and glucagon and in blood glucose was observed during somatostatin infusion, while FFA levels increased progressively. Plasma IRI and blood glucose increased rapidly when the somatostatin infusion was stopped, while FFA decreased progressively; GH, prolactin, TSH and glucagon remained low as compared to basal levels for one hour after the end of the infusion, i.e. until the end of the experiment. A slight but significant increase of LH and ACTH was observed after the end of the infusion.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

Effects of testosterone on gonadotrophin responses to synthetic LH and FSH releasing hormone (LRH) in normal men.

LRH tests were performed in 6 adult men with intravenous injections of 25 mug, before and one week after an intramuscular injection of 250 mg testosterone oenanthate (Testoviron Depot). One week after intramuscular injection of Testoviron the tonic secretion of LH was completely suppressed, but the reactivity or the reserve capacity of LH secretion, as tested by LRH, remained unchanged. In contrast, the tonic secretion of FSH and the reactivity of FSH secretion to LRH were both partly suppressed. Three months after the Testoviron injection, the basal levels of LH were still significantly lower than the control values, but the basal levels of FSH were identical to the control values. These data indicate that, in man, the feedback action of testosterone on gonadotrophin secretion could be exerted, at least for LH, at the hypothalamic level rather than at the pituitary level . No significant effects of LRH were noted on the circulating levels of growth hormone and sugar. There was a distinct rise in serum prolactin, which was occasionally significant, within 30 min after LRH injection; this is considered to be without physiological significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Adrenocortical and somatotrophic secretions in acute and chronic respiratory insufficiency.

Adrenocortical function and plasma growth hormone pattern were investigated in 15 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, in a period of acute respiratory failure and again after recovery. During the acute period, secretion rate and plasma concentrations of cortisol were markedly enhanced; urinary excretion of cortisol metabolites was only slightly increased, suggesting an alteration of the catabolism of cortisol under these conditions; adrenocortical sensitivity to corticotropin and capacity of maximal adrenal secretion were normal. The increase of cortisol secretion was probably due to hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia acting through the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. During the chronic phase of respiratory insufficiency, adrenocortical secretion and responsiveness were within the normal range. Finally, respiratory failure did not stimulate the secretion of growth hormone.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Effects of glucocorticoids on pituitary hormonal responses to hypoglycemia. Inhibition of prolactin release.

The characteristics of pituitary hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were investigated in 16 normal men. In all subjects, levels of blood sugar fell below 35 mg/100 ml. A statistically significant increase in mean plasma levels of prolactin, ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone was observed. Prolactin levels increased in all subjects but one; individual peak values were 1.4 minus 8.4 times greater than base levels. The kinetics of prolactin, GH and ACTH responses were similar; in particular, the onset of release (25 min) of prolactin, GH and ACTH was similar. After dexamethasone administration, insulin tolerance tests wererepeated in a number of subjects using adequate amounts of insulin to achieve hypoglycemia equivalent to that obtained in the control experiments. The administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone the evening before the test suppressed basal levels of ACTH and cortisol and the ACTH-but not the cortisol-response to hypoglycemia. Both basal levels of prolactin and prolactin response to hypoglycemia were significantly lowered but growth hormone response was not modified by administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone. The administration of larger doses of dexamethasone (1 mg every 6 h for 2 days) almost completely suppressed basal levels of ACTH, cortisol and prolactin, as well as the hypoglycemia-induced release of these hormones. In contrast, the growth hormone response to hypoglycemia was only partially inhibited. These findings demonstrate that both basal secretion and hypoglycemia-induced release of prolactin, ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone are suppressible by glucocorticoids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[A competitive radioisotope binding technic for the determination of prednisolone and of a new synthetic corticoid].

A competitive protein binding technique for the determination of plasma prednisolone in dexamethasone-treated men was found suitable for the estimation of plasma levels of a new non-steroidal compound having a chemical structure related to that of prednisolone. The method used allowed us to determine the time of appearance of this compound in the peripheral plasma after oral administration, the time of the peak and the apparent disappearance half-life which were comparable to that of prednisolone.

Administration, Oral↗