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Biomedical subjects

G Cilla

Publications and source records attributed to G Cilla.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Falling incidence and prevalence of hepatitis A in northern Spain.

The prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies was studied using a commercial ELISA method. 2,214 subjects were included, 1,211 in 1992 and 1,003 during 1986-87. In 1992 the seroprevalence rates among subjects 1-9, 10-19, 20-29 and 30-39 years old were 2.4%, 21%, 57.6% and 87.5% respectively, as compared with 7.7%, 37.9%, 80.6% and 98.1% respectively, in a similar group of subjects studied 5 years earlier (p < or = 0.001). The reported number viral hepatitis cases declined from 35.0 per 100,000 people in 1984 to 8.9 per 100,000 in 1992. Concurrently, the age when contracting the disease rose. The mean age for patients acquiring hepatitis A was 15.5 in 1986-88 and 20.1 in 1991-92. The decline in incidence and prevalence of HAV infection indicates a progressive and continuous decrease in HAV circulation in this geographical area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Multicenter study of HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection in Spain. Spanish Group for the Study of HTLV-II/II Infection].

BACKGROUND: Human T-lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) infections have been related to lymphoproliferative disorders and subacute neurological diseases. Screening blood donors for specific HTLV-I/II antibody has been implemented in Japan, United States, and recently in France. Should be it recommended in Spain? METHODS: Antibodies to HTLV-I/II were investigated in sera from 7,884 individuals living in Spain. They were classified in four major groups: 1) subjects at high-risk for retrovirus infection, as drug addicts, homosexuals, and polytransfused individuals (n = 4,740), 2) patients suffering HTLV-like symptoms (n = 760), 3) immigrants from or travellers to endemic areas (n = 1,427), and 4) blood donors (n = 957). RESULTS: Eighteen (0.22%) subjects were HTLV-I positive and 11 (0.12%) were classified as HTLV-II reactive. Five (71.5%) of 7 immigrants or travelers to endemic areas reacting against HTLV were typed as HTLV-I. Six (60%) of 10 drug addicts HTLV-reactive were typed as HTLV-II carriers. CONCLUSIONS: Both HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections are present in Spain, although in a low rate and mostly restricted to drug addicts (HTLV-II), and people coming from endemic regions (HTLV-I). All tested blood donors were negative. In this view, HTLV-I/II screening in Spanish blood banks seems to be non urgent, although alternative strategies should be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ten-year survey of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections.

In a ten-year survey (1983-1992) of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infections in a general practice patient population, 9,934 strains were tested. Resistance increased remarkably from 1989 onwards. The rate of resistance to pipemidic acid was < or = 6% before 1989 and 18% in 1992; the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC > or = 4 mg/l) was 0.8% in 1989 and 7.1% in 1992. Although the consumption of older quinolones decreased the total consumption of quinolones increased yearly.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1993

Neutralizing antibodies in 6-year-old children after five doses of tetanus toxoid.

It has recently been suggested that multiple boosters of tetanus toxoid may enhance serum antitoxin titres but may not necessarily lead to an effective immune response. Tetanus antitoxin titres by haemagglutination inhibition and mouse toxin neutralization tests were determined in sera of 64 children, 5 and 6 years old. Primary vaccination against tetanus was given as four doses of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine beginning in the second or third month of life, and a booster dose given to schoolchildren at 6 years of age. In our area more than 90% of children receive five doses of tetanus toxoid before their seventh birthday. The children were given 0.5 ml of DPT or DT containing 10 Lf ml-1 tetanus toxoid at each injection. The haemagglutination titres and the toxin neutralization titres were much higher in 6-year-old than in 5-year-old children. We concluded that the fifth dose is an effective booster in 6-year-old children.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

HTLV-I/II infections in Spain. The HTLV-I/II Spanish Study Group.

Antibodies to HTLV-I/II were investigated in sera from 7521 individuals living in Spain. They were classified in four major groups: a) subjects at high risk of retroviral infections e.g. parenteral drug addicts, homosexuals, prostitutes, and multiple-transfused individuals; b) patients suffering illness associated with HTLV-I in endemic regions; c) immigrants from endemic areas; and d) blood donors. Sera were collected from 1984 to December 1991. Repeatedly reactive ELISA was found in 211 samples (2.8%), but Western blot only confirmed the presence of HTLV-I/II antibodies in 23 samples (0.30%), corresponding to eight (0.25%) out of 3207 drug abusers, six (0.72%) out of 894 immigrants (five Africans and one South American), three (0.41%) out of 727 patients with HTLV-related diseases (one woman with HTLV-I associated myelopathy had received blood transfusions in an endemic area), four (0.54%) out of 793 prostitutes, one multiple-transfused native woman, and one (0.16%) out of 603 native seamen. The Western blot antibody pattern confirmed HTLV-II infection instead of HTLV-I in nine (39%) subjects. The remaining 14 (61%) HTLV-reactive samples were interpreted as HTLV-I seropositive, most of which were from immigrants. None of 857 blood donors analysed was reactive for HTLV antibody. These results suggest that both HTLV-I and HTLV-II are present in Spain, although at a low rate and mostly restricted to individuals coming from endemic areas, drug addicts, and prostitutes. Furthermore, diseases related to HTLV-I (particularly lymphoproliferative disorders, and subacute myelopathies) seem to be rarely associated with these viruses in Spain, a non-endemic area.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Low risk of acquiring the hepatitis C virus for the health personnel].

BACKGROUND: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted by the same routes as that of hepatitis B (HBV) and that of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Health care workers have been considered at risk although of different intensity for acquiring the HBV and HIV with the risk of acquiring the HCV being ignored. METHODS: The presence of anti-HCV was investigated in 338 hospital workers, 110 proceeding from risk areas without direct contact with patients (laboratories and cleaning staff), 141 in direct contact and 87 with accidental risk (needle pricks or splashing of blood products) whom, at the time of the accident were anti-HCV negative. In the latter a minimum period of 6 months, which reached one year in 50% of the cases, elapsed to permit seroconversion. Three hundred seventy-seven healthy women were used as controls. The presence of anti-HCV was investigated with a second generation enzymoimmunoanalysis system confirming the results obtained with RIBA. RESULTS: The workers in zones of risk without direct patient contact presented global seroprevalence of anti-HCV of 1.8% with no statistical difference obtained between those who attended patients directly (1.4%) or the control group (2.1%). HCV transmission was not detected in any of the workers who experienced a high risk accident. CONCLUSIONS: The results concerning the study of the risk of health care workers to obtain hepatitis C suggest that the risk of transmission of the hepatitis C virus in these personnel is low.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Low risk of mother to infant transmission of hepatitis B virus in Guipúzcoa (Basque country, northern Spain).

The prevalence of HBsAg carriers in 18,196 pregnant women (64% of women who gave birth in Guipúzcoa in 1986-1991) was 0.61% (0.43% for the last two years of the study). Three of the carriers were also HBeAg/HBV-DNA positive and two were anti-HDV positive. Anti-HBc prevalence was 6.5% in 602 20-40 year old women and 1.6% in 428 girls 10-11 years old (0.47% of gypsy ethnic subjects are not included).

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Cases of tetanus in Guipuzcoa].

In order to evaluate the situation of tetanus in Guipúzcoa and to assess the impact of preventive measures, we studied the incidence, mortality and other aspects of the disease during the past three decades. Ninety eight cases were detected (annual average 3,27 SD 2,6), this figure being reduced over time (7,2 cases per year during the period 1962-1966; 1,8 cases per year between 1987 and 1991). 67,3% were men and 32,7% women. We registered 6 cases of neonatal tetanus, all of them prior to 1976. Since 1969, there has been no cases within the 1-14 age group. Half of the cases detected during the last five years (4/9) were intravenously drug-addicts. Among those living in less populated areas (less than 10.000 population), the risk of developing the disease was four times greater. 33,7% of patients died, being the mortality rate higher among newborns and patients died, and patients over 55. Although the situation was not worse than in other similar environments, the incidence of tetanus should be reduced by reinforcing preventive measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Incidence of typhoid fever in our environment. Analysis in Guipúzcoa].

Based in 184 cases of Typhoid Fever bacteriologically demonstrated in the past 14 years (greater than 90% of all cases registered in the whole province), we have observed that, with the exception of some epidemic outbreaks, the disease has been constantly present during all these years, with a higher incidence between August and November. Salmonella typhi infected primarily young adults, its distribution being similar to the one among the general population. 49% of cases were males. The estimated incidence rate of the disease during this period was 2-3 per 100,000 population. A seroepidemiological study among healthy women with ages between 20 and 40 years showed a seroprevalence of anti-H:d antibodies greater than or equal to 1/40 of 1%. Although the epidemiological situation of Typhoid fever in our environment is not as bad as it has been referred in reports and textbooks, an effort is needed to situate the problem at the appropriate level, given our geographical situation and our economical development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Human genital myiasis due to Sarcophaga].

Human myiasis are infestations produced by fly larvae which invade human tissues or cavities. We report a case of semi-specific myiasis which consisted in infestation of the vulvar region of an eighty-six-year old, diabetic patient who was admitted in a clinical center for elderly. The development from larva to adult fly was carried out in the laboratory and it was identified as Sarcophaga. The infestation was resolved extracting the larvae and washing the affected area with an antiseptic solution.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Detection of HIV infection in mother and child. Criteria for suspicion].

UNLABELLED: We look risk factors (RF) (other than i.v. drug addiction) leading to the suspicion of HIV infection. We have measured (ELISA) HIV antibodies in mothers and their children whenever the following circumstances were present: Maternal age under 22, previous abortions, sexually transmitted disease, uncontrolled pregnancy, unstable household, prostitution or neonatal irritability. We have studied 142 mother-child units and compared the results in HIV (+) and HIV (-) groups. RESULTS: 42 mother-child units were HIV (+) and 100 were HIV (-). Significant differences were only found for the following RF: Maternal age less than 22 (64% vs 32%), previous abortions (40% vs 16%) and venereal disease (30% vs 13%). CONCLUSIONS: We point out the need for defining local risk factors for every environment in order to adequately screen newborns for vertically transmitted HIV infection. Maternal age below 22, a history of previous abortions and of sexually transmitted disease should lead to HIV infection suspecion in our environment.

Abortion, Induced↗