Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Chow.
A direct intrachromosome insertion of chromosome 7 is described, and previous reports of intrachromosomal insertions are listed. All others were ascertained through a phenotypically abnormal proband. Ours is the first presenting with multiple pregnancy losses. Since the risk of chromosomally abnormal liveborns is appreciable, prenatal diagnosis should be made available to known carriers of chromosome insertions.
Instrumentation designed for stabilization and correction of spinal deformities must limit the amount of motion in flexion and extension. In flexion or extension, the vertebral bodies move about a specific point called the instantaneous axis of rotation. The ability of the implant to limit this motion is a function of its relation to the axis of rotation of the spine. The goal of this study was threefold: 1) to define the instantaneous axis of rotation of the spine in flexion and extension; 2) to study the effect of the loss of the three columns of the spine on the location of the instantaneous axis of rotation; and 3) to determine how the above parameters relate to the choice of anterior or posterior instrumentation. Ten human cadaver spines were subjected to compressive loads in flexion and extension. The columns of the spine were then destroyed in sequence at L3. The instantaneous axis of rotation for each vertebral body was found by the method of Reuleaux, and the effect of the compromise of the columns on the location of the instantaneous axis of rotation was noted. Understanding the exact location of the instantaneous axis of rotation after a specific injury would allow the clinician to objectively choose the best surgical approach and the appropriate instrumentation.
Several tripeptide trifluoromethyl ketones containing non-naturally occurring N-substituted glycine residues at the P2-position are effective human leukocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitors in vitro and possess IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Deletion of the amino acid at the P3-subsite region affords inactive compounds. The trifluoromethyl ketone derivative of valine is the preferred residue at the P1-position; whereas, the corresponding glycine or alpha, alpha-dimethyl glycine analogs result in inactive compounds.
LPL activity, total lipogenesis and rates of growth were determined for stromal-vascular cells derived from epididymal and inguinal depots of 13 1/2-week-old obese and lean Zucker rats. LPL activity, in cells of both depots, was found to increase between days 4 and 6 and decrease by day 8 in the presence of insulin. Inguinal derived fatty cell LPL activity increased between days 4 and 8 in contrast to lean cells which peaked at day 6 under basal growth conditions. LPL activity was elevated in fatty versus lean cells at days 6 and 8 in inguinal derived stromal vascular cells while in epididymal derived stromal vascular cells, LPL activity was elevated in lean versus fatty derived cells at day 4 and 6 but by day 8 the genotypic effect was reversed. Lipogenesis was elevated in lean versus fatty derived epididymal and inguinal cells at all concentrations of insulin and lean cells showed a dose-dependent response to insulin in contrast to fatty cells. There were no effects of genotype on the proliferative capacity of cells from either depot but some regional differences in growth were observed. These data illustrate that fa gene effects can be studied in primary cell culture.
P388D1 is a murine macrophage cell line which spontaneously secretes plasminogen activator (PA; activated function) and lysozyme (LYS; constitutive function). Compounds which decrease PA secretion without affecting LYS secretion have potential as "down-regulators" of macrophage function and, hence, of the immune system. Glucocorticoids (e.g., dexamethasone, IC50 less than 0.01 microM) and auranofin (IC50 = 1 microM) are positive in this model. In contrast, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, ibuprofen and piroxicam, all at 1 microM) boost PA secretion; lipoxygenase inhibitors (REV-5901, NDGA and piriprost, all at 10 microM) have little or no effect. Dexamethasone, but not auranofin, induces a urokinase-inhibitory activity which elutes between 0.13 and 0.19 M NaCl upon anion exchange HPLC (TSK-DEAE-5-PW). Fibrin overlay following SDS-PAGE of the HPLC peak reveals a urokinase-inhibitory band at approximately 90 Kd.
A low-cost and user-friendly computerized medical record system that includes patient demographic data, family genogram and social information, problem list, medication list and repeat prescription, progress notes, and laboratory data has been developed for a general practice teaching clinic. The system also has an automated health maintenance and disease management package, a number of research report programs, and a basic accounting package. The computerized medical record system has provided a very valuable tool for improving patient care, teaching, and general practice research. A standard software package has been developed for other small to medium-sized practices to use without having to redevelop their own software.
L-Leucine and its hydrochloride salt have been deposited on the clay minerals kaolin and bentonite, and the amino acid/clay preparations have been irradiated in a 3000 Ci60Co gamma-ray source for radiation dosages that achieved 2-89% radiolysis of the leucine. The undecomposed leucine was thereupon recovered and both percent radiolysis and percent radioracemization were determined. Similar studies were made using solid L-leucine and its hydrochloride, and L-leucine in 0.1 M aqueous solution. It has been found that radiolysis and radio-racemization in these and the previously studied leucine systems follow pseudo-first-order rate laws, and the corresponding specific rate constants are evaluated and compared. Leucine and its hydrochloride salt proved to be the most stable to both radiolysis and radioracemization, followed by leucine and its HCl salt on kaolin, followed by leucine and its HCl salt on bentonite, with leucine (and its HCl and Na salts) in aqueous solution being least stable to both radiolysis and (except for the HCl salt) radioracemization. Implications of these observations as regards the Vester-Ulbricht mechanism for the origin of optical activity are discussed.
We created "bloody taps" by adding homologous blood to acellular samples of CSF and counted the RBCs and WBCs at specific time intervals. After two hours at room temperature (22 degrees C), 40% of the WBCs in the traumatic tap had lysed. At 4 degrees C, 15% of the cells lysed in the same period of time. After five hours at 22 degrees C, 53% of the WBCs had lysed, while refrigeration reduced this figure to 31%. The clinical implications of these data are clear. If a sample of CSF is not promptly refrigerated and analyzed, WBC lysis will result in a false impression of the number of WBCs that are present. This lysis of WBCs reduces the reliability of the corrective formula that uses CSF and blood RBC and WBC counts to estimate the number of WBCs in CSF that are attributable to contamination with blood.
A comparison study of donor site care using 5 common modalities was undertaken. A total of 210 treated donor areas were examined for healing differences, comfort, complications, and cost. At the conclusion of the study we were able to recommend certain treatment methods depending on the nature of the donor wound.
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