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Biomedical subjects

G Chomette

Publications and source records attributed to G Chomette.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[65 orthotopic transplantations of the liver in the pig. Clinical and laboratory results (author's transl)].

The authors report the clinical and laboratory results of 65 orthotopic allotransplantations of the liver in the pig. The operative mortality (8 cases) was nil in the last 23 transplantations. Vascular filling without blood transfusion, blood alkalinisation and precautions to avoid hypothermia, seem essential to reduce early mortality. The various causes of secondary mortality are studied, using certain preventive measures. Thus, deaths due to gallbladder or hepatic ischemia have become rare by conserving end-to-end anastomosis on the hepatic artery and taking certain precautions. The grafts were rejected only in incompatible pigs in the SLA system, but were not rare in this group (13/43) and sufficient to cause death in one case out of two. Gastric ulcers were frequent, even after vagotomy, but vagotomy protects fairly well against ulcer hemorrhage. However, ulcers almost always accompany a disease which is alone sufficient to cause death. Cholangitis appears less frequent after cholecysto-jejunal anastomosis on an excluded omega loop. The mortality from extra-hepatic causes was severe (12 cases), in particular due to mechanical complications at the level of the small intestine. Laboratory analyses showed a definite rise in SGOT transaminase levels and, above all, alkaline prosphatase levels in cases of rejection compared with cases of biliary obstruction or hepatic necrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Pulmonary ultrastructural changes following experimental fat embolism in the rabbit (author's transl)].

The intravenous injection of triolein in the rabbit, besides general consequences in some viscera (functional ischemic necrosis of the right ventricle, systemic cerebral and kidney embolisms), induces in the lung non specific reactions similar to those observed after other pulmonary agressions. Yet, some peculiarities are observed only in this experimental model: severe and persistent septal oedema due to early endothelial changes; intensive inflammatory response with numerous macrophages. On the other hand, except in zones with epithelio-conjonctive repair process of necrotic foci, the epithelial reaction reduced to a temporary predominance of type 2-pneumonocytes, remains of low intensity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Immunosecretory cells in human bone marrow. Immunofluorescence study on histological sections].

The authors report on a method for studies using immunofluorescence with total and anti-light chain anti-immunoglobuline immune serums of bone marrow specimens previously fixed, decalcified, and embedded in paraffin. The semi-quantitative counts of plasmocytes on histological sections are in agreement with those performed by other authors on smears of bone marrow punctures. The results of this method are in agreement with those of serum electrophoresis. It provides a distinction between polyclonal and monoclonal plasmocytosis and an exact identification of clonal proliferation of a frank tumorous nature (myeloma and Waldenström). Applicable to autopsies performed within 24 hours, it reveals the existance in the vast majority of amyloid diseases of monoclonal dysglobulinemia, without the abnormal clone being necessarily present in the other immunocyte area (spleen and ganglions).

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1976

[Early histoenzymologic and ultrastructural changes induced by adrenalin-thyroxine and fat diet in rabbit aorta (author's transl)].

The first stages of the atherosclerotic lesions induced in the rabbit aorta by adrenalin- thyroxine, with (or without) an hypercholesterolic diet, have been studied on the 6th, 13th, and 22nd day. Major parietal changes, barely demonstrable with light microscopic standard techniques, were detected, as soon as the 6th day, by electronmicroscopy and histoenzymology. These changes were probably due solely to the hormonal treatment. In the early stage, they consisted of some fragmentations of the elastic sheets and some smooth muscle cell lysis. The oxidative and ATPase activities were greatly reduced. The increased lysosomal hydrolase actitivities of the outer layers of the vessel could be related in the increased vascular permeability and consecutive increased perfusion gradient induced by these lesions. Later, an obvious repair process was seen. The smooth muscle cells bearing numerous processes were bound by many microfilaments and by some elastic material. The energetic enzymatic activities were increased. The part taken by the lipidic diet in these changes, apart from the increase of the esterase activity, did not seem yet of significance in this first stage of atherosclerosis. However, one cannot exclude that the intensively accumulating lipids might, at some later stages, potentiate the consequences of the vascular lesions or impede the repair process.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1976

[Cardiac myxoma. Ultrastructural study of 2 cases].

From amongst a series of eight cardiac myxomas, two were studied by electron microscopy, which enabled us to identify, amongst varous cell types, two main ones. One of these was a secretory cell with Golgi apparatus and secretory vacuoles, and the other was of the expected type, with microfilaments showing signs of progressive differentiation towards either muscle or epithelial structure. A morphological picture of this sort tends to lend support to the concept of a dysgenetic origin for these tumours, arising from pluripotent embryonic cells sequestrated in the region of the fossa ovalis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Development of heterografts stenosis in the aortic or mitral position. Apropos of 2 cases].

From a series of 10 patients undergoing surgery with a homograft, two cases are reported in which stenosis of the graft occurred, one in the mitral and the other in the aortic position. The macroscopical appearances of the lesions showed sclerosis and calcification. In the case where histological material was available, there were marked changes in the collagen and elastin, disseminated calcified deposits in the valve, and inflammatory cellular changes over the surface, with a tendency to penetrations into the substance of the valve. One of the factors leading to these graft disorders is the type of chemical treatment which the valve undergoes; a combination of glutaraldehyde solution and oxidation using sodium metaperiodate would appear to be unsuitable in this respect. Emphasis is laid on the very particular clinical features of these two cases (stenosis and valvular incompetence), and on the difficulties in diagnosis of this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Suppurative parietal endocarditides].

As opposed to acute or subacute orificial localizations, suppurative parietal endocarditis is a very rare entity (5 cases in 3,900 autopsies). More readily localized in the left heart and being generators of systemic emboli, they remain latent until anatomically verified. Two circumstances promote their occurrence : the focal point caused by the mural thrombus of a recent myocardial infarction ; septicemic infections with pulmonary localization and neighbouring thrombophlebitis within the context of intense depression of immunity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of autotransplantation on various functions of the small intestine in swine].

The effects of anoxia on orthotopic small bowel autotransplantation were studied in 22 pigs respectively on the operative day (before and after transplantation) and post-operatively (on the 1st, 3d, 5th, 7th and 15th day). Absorption of D-xylose (as evaluated by xylosemia curve) and several brush border enzyme activities were compared with histological and histoenzymological data. After transplantation D-xylose test, enzymatic assays and to a lesser degree histoenzymology showed some impairment until the 15th day. By contract mucosal morphology as evaluated by optical microscopy was normalized as soon as the 3d post-operative day. From these data it may be assumed that in allotransplantations, optical microscopic abnormalities seen after the fourth post-operative day are no longer due to anoxia but may be related to early rejection. Other functional tests could be of some value only after the 15th day.

Animals↗