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Biomedical subjects

G Chomette

Publications and source records attributed to G Chomette.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Early syphilitic hepatitis. Two cases].

Two patients are presented as cases of secondary syphilitic hepatitis. Clinical and biological signs coincided with usual description of this affection. Syphilitic serological tests were all very positive. These two patients were homosexual men. In one case, we have found treponema in hepatic biopsy, underelectron microscope only, which confirmed the diagnosis. Evolution of both patients was improved by anti-syphilitic penicillin the rapy. Thus, this is an important diagnosis, which should not missed, because of the good prognosis of this affection with specific treatment, and because of the increasing frequency of syphilis for 20 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Biopsy of the accessory salivary glands in Sjögren's disease. Value in the diagnosis and estimation of the developmental stage of the disease. Analysis of 148 cases].

Biopsies of the labial accessory (144 cases) or principal (4 cases) salivary glands were performed in 139 patients with clinically and biologically confirmed Sjögren's syndrome, and 9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis alone to act as control. Confirmation of diagnosis was obtained in both isolated cases (31 p. cent) and those with associated collagen disease (69 p. cent). Histological lesions were classified in 3 stages of increasing severity. Stage I cases had ectasia of several distal canals which, in the absence of significant lymphocytic reactions, permitted early diagnosis. In stage II, a typical appearance was noted: abundant nodular or diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with an increase in numbers of ectasias. In stage III of acini destruction, the dominant feature was diffuse peri- and intralobular sclerosis and only rare lymphocytes. Is, therefore, distal canal dilation the most reliable diagnostic sign of the syndrome, which has been shown by ultrastructural studies to arise from massive destruction, followed by anarchic regeneration, of myoepithelial cells that ensure canal contractility. These 3 histologically-defined stages generally correlate well with those normally employed to grade sialographic images (stage I, initial, showing miliary filling defects; stage II with larger rounded areas and penetration of the contrast medium into tissues around the canal; stage III demonstrating the "dead tree" appearance together with lack of contrast medium extension beyond Stenon's duct and its main branches). However, certain discordances were noted, histological signs sometimes preceding sialographic modifications. Biopsy of accessory salivary glands could be the most simple, reliable method for confirming diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in its early stages.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Lethal midline granuloma of unknown cause: 6 new cases and review of the literature].

The term of "lethal midline granuloma" has been used to apply to a number of diseases. In this paper, it is argued that this term should be only a clinical description of a relentlessly progressive destructive lesion of the nose and face. A list of all the possible causes is presented. There is a group of patients who do not correspond to any specific etiology. Reviewing the observations in the literature and our own, we think that such cases are best classified according to their histological appearance. Those without atypical cells (20% of cases) are always localized to the upper respiratory tract, while those with atypical cells (histiocytes?), 80% of cases, may become generalized and/or may evolve to a malignant lymphoma. When localized, both forms (with and without atypical cells) respond very well to high-dose radiation therapy (40 to 60 Gy). In disseminated forms or relapses following radiotherapy treatment, chemotherapy, the only available alternative treatment, has met with little success. We present the clinical and pathological features of six such patients, of whom one had no atypical cells. Radiotherapy produced a clinical remission in five of five cases, but of shorter duration than that reported in the literature. No treatment other than radiotherapy has yet proven to be regularly efficient in this rare and mutilating disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of irradiation on the submandibular gland of the rat. An enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural study.

Single-dose cervical irradiation by cobalt 60 in rats induced lasting functional disturbances of the submandibular gland which were excessive when compared with the relative integrity of the gland as seen under the light microscope. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed severe damage shortly after exposure with appearance of karyolytic bodies and autophagosomes accompanied by increased hydrolase activity. Mitochondrial alterations were concomitant with diminished ductal oxidative enzyme activity. Although most of these alterations resolved rapidly as a result of acinar and ductal cell repair and regeneration originating in the intercalated ducts, secretory abnormalities were still observed two months after exposure as evidenced by the accumulation of granules in acinar cells and the heterogeneity of ductal cell granules. These anomalies, comparable to those observed in sialadenoses, probably result from persistent alterations of intralobular nerve endings.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Scanning electron microscopy of normal, malignant and post radiotherapeutic oral mucosal cells.

A scanning electron microscopic study of 40 oral mucosal smears from healthy controls or patients with cancer of the mouth has enabled a comparison of the "external" characteristics of normal, malignant and dysplastic (post-radiotherapeutic) cells. Normal cells, particularly the cells of the superficial epithelial layers, were characterized by well-defined polarized external protrusions with ridges on the upper surface and microvilli on the under surface. In cancer cells, both the shape and arrangement of these formations were profoundly altered. Dysplastic cells presented an intermediate appearance which was sufficiently characteristic to allow them to be distinguished from neoplastic cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

[Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and neurological manifestations (author's transl)].

Cases of associated angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) and peripheral neuropathies have been rarely reported in the literature. Three such cases are described, in two men and one woman aged 79, 59, and 45 years respectively. Diagnosis of AIL was confirmed by lymph node biopsy in the two latter patients during their lifetime, and in the first case from examination of cervical nodes at autopsy. All three patients presented neurological disorders, of the polyradiculoneuritis type in the first case, multiple neuritis of the lower limbs followed by radiculalgia in the second, and myalgia and neuralgia with neurogenic signs in the EMG in the third case. No evidence of a toxic, metabolic, or infections aetiology was found, histological examination of nerve and muscle specimens demonstrated localised AIL lesions in one case, and discrete lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the peripheral nervous system in the other two patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Cells of the conduction pathways of the human bundles of His. Histoenzymologic and ultrastructural study].

A human His bundle was studied two hours after death by histoenzymological techniques and electron microscopy. The pathway had a much higher cholinesterase activity than the working myocardium, due to its richness in nerve endings: this was confirmed by electron microscopy which also distinguished "common" contractile cells (working cells) from P type and "intermediary" cells; those were by far the most common, presenting an ultrastructure identical to that of the Purkinje cells, classically described in the bundle branches alone. These findings and the unique longitudinal architectural organisation of the His bundle, confirm the studies of JAMES and may explain the rapidity of conduction in this structure.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

[Systemic mastocytosis with myo-pericardial localization and atrioventricular block].

The case of a 46 year old man with systemic mastocytosis with myocardial and pericardial involvement confirmed histologically after open biopsy is reported. The patient presented with skin, bone and medullary lesions and, in addition, with atrioventricular block and pericardial effusion. The possible mechanisms of the atrioventricular conduction defect are examined in the light of the physiological role of the mastocyte and research into the action of histamine on the myocardium. In particular, the negative dromotropic effect of histamine and fibrosis formation related to the mastocyte's function of connective tissue regeneration are discussed. This case, though rare, should alert the clinician to the possibility of myocardial and pericardial involvement in patients with mastocytosis. Further study into the effects of histamine on myocardium under physiological and pathological conditions is required.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1981

[Effect of long-term metformin treatment on the development of diabetes in genetically diabetic mice (DBM) (author's transl)].

Genetic diabetic obese, hyperinsulinaemic mice of the DBM (db/db) strain received long-term metformin. The drug was given orally (200 mg/kg twice a day) by gastric intubation starting from the 13th week of age to the 42 th. A continuing hypoglycemic effect was observed with a simultaneous decrease of HbA1c. The immunoreactive plasma insulin and body weight of treated homozygous mice were higher than those of homozygous controls. No significant modification of food consumption and blood lipids was noted. Pancreatic islets of homozygous controls showed, by light and electron microscopy, a characteristic hypersecreting appearance at 25 th week compared to that of heterozygous animals. Morphological dedifferentiation (canalicular changes and foreign cell colonization) followed in most cases at the 42 th week with reduction in B-cells. Pancreas of treated mice was similar to that of controls at 25 th but showed less B-cell exhaustion and islet degeneration at the 42 th week, explaining higher plasma IRI concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Cardiac manifestations of the hypereosinophilia syndrome: a report on fifteen cases (author's transl)].

A retrospective study was conducted in fifteen patients with the hypereosinophilia syndrome to assess the cardiac manifestations of the affection. Clinical, electrical, and radiological findings, together with the results of ultrasonography (8 cases), hemodynamic tests (6 cases), and pathological examinations (7 cases) were used to classify the fifteen patients into four groups: 7 cases with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF), 5 with non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (NOCM), 2 with pre-existing cardiopathies, and 1 with a normal heart. The manifestations in the 7 EMF cases varied according to the extent of the fibrosis present: 2 adiastolies, 3 valve incompetences, and 2 asymptomatic forms. Cardiac insufficiency can occur in the absence of fibrosis, pathological examination in one case demonstrating that it was due to a myocarditis, with infiltration of eosinophils and necrotic foci. The results of this study underline the close relationship between Loëffler's fibroplastic endocarditis and Davies' fibrous endomyocarditis. The presence of vascular lesions in the hypereosinophilia syndrome leads to difficulties in nosological distinction with some forms of necrotizing angitis especially Churg and Strauss' syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Desmoid fibroma of bone. An histoenzymological and ultrastructural study of the mandible in one case (author's transl)].

A case of post-traumatic desmoid tumor of the mandible is reported in a 4-year old girl. This tumor was considered typical clinically and by light microscopy. Four years later, the patient was symptomless, without evidence of recurrence. Histoenzymology showed a high level of leucine aminopeptidase activity. On electron microscopy, a part from a few primitive mesenchymal cells, abnormal fibroblasts represented the principal cellular component. These cells showed evidence of intracytoplasmic collagen fibers synthesis and of myoid differentiation (numerous filaments and endocytosis vacuoles). Myofibroblasts, with a microfibrillary network showing areas of dense osmiophilic condensation in the vicinity of cell membrane were also present. This atypical ultrastructural feature suggests, in this case, the non-neoplastic nature of this lesion. It seems to reflect an abnormal reaction to a traumatic aggression, characterized by proliferation of myofibroblasts (which normally disappear in the late stages of healing) and to have, thus, the signification of pathologic scar.

Child, Preschool↗