Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Cheymol

Publications and source records attributed to G Cheymol.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemodynamic effects of medroxalol in the anesthetized dog. Relation between adrenolytic properties and plasma concentration].

Hemodynamic properties of medroxalol (MDL), a new alpha-and-beta adrenoceptor antagonistic drug, were studied in eight pentobarbital-anesthetized (open chest) dogs. MDL was injected in three doses (1.5, 3.0 and 9.0 mg/kg i.v.) at one hour intervals. A control group (n = 5) received three successive vehicle injections at the same time intervals. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, cardiac output and stroke volume (using an intrathoracic flowmeter), and peripheral resistance were recorded 45 min before the first injection and 15 min after each administration. Isoproterenol (ISP) and neosynephrine (NSP) dose-response curves were recorded before the first dose and after each injection in both group. Log-linear regression analyses were used to estimate the ISP chronotropic dose 25 (DC 25) and the ISP barotropic dose 30 (DB 30). The results show that medroxalol possesses beta-adrenoreceptor antagonistic properties which are 35 times greater than its alpha-antagonistic properties. Beta-blockade was evidenced by bradycardia and increase in DC 25, beginning at the first dose used. Alpha-blockade was not significant at that first dose and therefore cannot alone explain the strong hypotension observed. All these effects were related to the plasma-concentration of MDL.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quinidine plasma concentration-cardiac electrophysiologic effects relationships in anesthetized dogs (author's transl)].

1. The electrophysiologic effects of quinidine (Q)were studied in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs using intracardiac electrography and programmed stimulation. With four successive bolus i.v. injections of Q gluconate (1, 3, 9, 18 mg/kg cumulative doses) at 30 min intervals, Q plasma concentration (Cp) ranged from 1.02 +/- 0.1 micrograms/ml to 5.7 +/- 0.6 micrograms at the time of electrophysiologic measurements 20 min after each injection. 2. In six control dogs, heart rate (HR), sinus node recovery time (TRS), conduction times (StH, HV, QRS), ventricular repolarization time (QTc) Wenckebach cycle length (L.W), and atrial refractory periods (RP) did not change significantly while the functional nodal (PRFN) and the effective ventricular (PREV) RPs significantly increased with time. 3. Quinidine produced a significant log- Cp related decrease in HR and increase in TRS corresponding to a decreased sinus automaticity. 4. StH and HV conduction times increased proportionally to log CpQ while the increase in QRS was not Cp-dependent. QTc did not increase significantly. 5. Quinidine resulted in significant log Cp-related increases in atrial RP PRFN and LW while the Q-induced changes in PREV were not Cp-dependent.

Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapie 1946-1995: 50 years of publication].

Therapy is celebrating its 50th anniversary with a completely new layout and a special edition that will be released at the first meeting of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. This is also an appropriate time to look at its history. Immediately after the Second World War, in 1946, the Société de Thérapeutique, which was originally founded in 1866, was resurrected as the Société Française de Thérapeutique et de Pharmacodynamie. This society launched Thérapie. After a rather difficult beginning, the society began to grow and its journal appeared regularly. There were 1000 society members in 1961 and the journal published 1000 pages, mostly devoted to experimental pharmacology. The society began to concentrate on human pharmacology from 1972, and the number of articles on therapeutics and clinical pharmacology published in THERAPIE increased each year. The section on animal pharmacology was dropped in 1981 and the change in the journal's coverage was complete. The name of the society was changed to the 'Société Française de Thérapeutique et de Pharmacologie Clinique'. THERAPIE became, and has remained, the only French medical journal entirely devoted to clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.

Anniversaries and Special Events↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of cyclosporin A blood level during the early post-liver-transplantation period.

Correlations between acute rejection rate, cyclosporin A(CsA) blood level and CsA dose were studied in a group of 58 patients for 1 month following liver transplant. Therapy included prednisolone, azathioprine and CsA administered by continuous IV infusion. Blood CsA levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. No patient required renal dialysis. An acute rejection episode was recorded in 24 patients (group 1) between days 4 and 28 (mean 8 days), while 34 patients (group 2) showed no signs of rejection. A significant difference was observed (p < 0.05) between blood CsA levels (mean +/- SEM over the 6 days preceding the rejection episode in group 1 patients, and the first 6 postoperative days in group 2 patients (101 +/- 7 vs 121 +/- 5 ng/ml). The mean daily dose of CsA calculated over the same time period was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in group 1 patients (46 +/- 2 vs 60 +/- 2 mg/day). In addition, over the 8 days following surgery, only 54% of patients in group 1 attained a mean blood CsA level of a least 100 ng/ml, compared to 94% in group 2.

Cyclosporine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic monitoring of cyclosporine in liver transplant patients].

Cyclosporine (CsA) has played a major role in the development of organ transplantation. However, its use in the prevention of liver graft rejection is somewhat delicate because the liver plays an essential role in the intestinal absorption, metabolism an excretion of CsA. Interindividual differences in CsA pharmacokinetics are large, and clearance can vary by a factor of 40 in liver transplant recipients. During CsA therapy, the intact molecule is assayed in whole blood by means of specific technique. The margin between immunosuppressive and nephrotoxic concentrations is poorly defined. The interpretation of blood concentrations must take into account the mode of administration, associated drug therapy, the time since grafting, and pathological episodes. The recommend through concentrations are 150-200 ng/ml during the first three months.

Cyclosporine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Marked intra- and inter-patient variability of itraconazole steady state plasma concentrations.

Itraconazole is a new oral triazole antifungal agent that is effective against a wide range of fungal pathogens, including Aspergillus species. There has been a considerable increase in recent years in its use in prophylaxis of aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. A total of 74 trough concentrations of itraconazole+active metabolite were retrospectively analysed at steady state in 16 patients admitted to hospital for acute myeloid leukaemia (12) or malignant lymphoma (4). The minimum therapeutic concentration (itraconazole+hydroxyitraconazole = 1000 ng/ml) was never reached in 31 per cent of patients (5/16) and a constant efficient plasma concentration was obtained in only 19 per cent (3/16) with a daily regimen of 400-600 mg. The plasma levels of patients at the same daily dose differed up to 15-fold. This study confirms the pronounced inter-patient variability of unchanged itraconazole concentrations previously found in volunteers and patients. The plasma levels in six patients during successive chemotherapy treatments also varied greatly. Intra-individual differences were more accurately examined in six patients given 600 mg itraconazole/day during their first chemotherapy treatment. The trough plasma concentrations on day 15 and day 25 varied from -53 to +245 per cent. These results indicate that the plasma itraconazole concentration of neutropenic patients must be monitored to ensure that each individual is given a clinically effective dose.

Adult↗