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Biomedical subjects

G Cherian

Publications and source records attributed to G Cherian.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Dietary palm oil alters the lipid stability of polyunsaturated fatty acid-modified poultry products.

Laying hens were fed a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diet with three levels [low (LPO, 0%), medium (MPO, 1.5%), and high (HPO, 3.5%)] of palm oil (PO) or a PUFA diet with tocopherol mix (control). Flax and fish oils were used as PUFA sources in all of the diets. Inclusion of tocopherols resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the control eggs in white and dark meats. Among the PO treatments, eggs from HPO diet had the lowest TBARS (P < 0.05). A higher (P < 0.05) TBARS was observed for eggs, meat, and liver from hens on the LPO diet. No difference was observed between the TBARS of LPO and MPO dark meat. The C22:6 n-3 fatty acid was lower (P < 0.05) in MPO and HPO eggs and the HPO white meat.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2001

Maternal dietary alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) alters n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and liver enzyme activity in hatched chicks.

We investigated the effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n-3) of laying hens on the fatty acid composition of liver microsomes and activity of delta-6 desaturase in hatched chicks. Laying hens were fed wheat-soybean meal-based diets with (Flax) or without ground flax (control). At Day 21 of feeding, fertile eggs were collected and incubated. On the day of hatching, chicks (n = 6) were killed, and liver microsomes were isolated and assayed for delta-6 desaturase enzyme activity. The total n-3 fatty acids in the Flax eggs was 13.0% compared with 2.3% (P < 0.001) in the control group. LNA was the major n-3 fatty acid in the Flax eggs and constituted 10%. The long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3) constituted 3.1% in Flax eggs compared with 1.5% in control eggs. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) composed 2.1 and 1.2% in Flax and control eggs (P < 0.05), respectively. The liver microsomes of Flax chicks incorporated higher 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3 (P < 0.05) with a concomitant reduction in 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, and 22:5n-6 compared with control chicks (P < 0.05). The delta-6 desaturase activities in Flax and control groups were 49.4 and 82.8 pmol/min per mg of protein, respectively (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate the role of maternal and yolk n-3 fatty acids in modulating the activity of rate-limiting enzymes for PUFA synthesis in hatched chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Transportation of maternal serum specimens for screening for chromosomal aneuploidies: effect of seasonal variations, distance, and freezing on the stability of the biological markers.

OBJECTIVES: We studied the stability of maternal serum markers for screening for Down syndrome [alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), total human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin] following transportation. DESIGN AND METHODS: For each gestational week between 14 and 18 weeks, we collected about 50 samples for each possible combination of three potential sources of variation during transportation: season (winter/summer), sample frozen/fresh (prior to analysis) and origin (local or referred in) for a total of 1845 specimens. Commercial assays were used (IMx, Abbott for AFP and total hCG; AutoDelfia and Wallac for free beta-hCG and AFP; and radioimmunoassay Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, for uE3). RESULTS: Results of both total and free beta-hCG were significantly higher when samples were collected during summer and when they were sent to the laboratory from extramural blood drawing sites (multifactorial ANOVA, p < 0. 007). CONCLUSION: We conclude that both total and free beta-hCG can be adversely affected during transportation. The resulting higher concentrations of these markers may increase the false positive rate of prenatal screening programs for aneuploidies.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2000

Fatty acid determination in chicken egg yolk: a comparison of different methods.

Four different methods (direct-methylation, saponification, chloroform-methanol extraction, and postextraction saponification) were compared to determine the fatty acids in egg yolk. About 50 mg of pooled egg yolk samples, with C23:0 as an internal standard, was used for all assays. No difference (P > 0.05) was observed among the four methods for C17:0, C18:0, C18:1, C20:1, C18:2n-6, and C22:6n-3 content of egg yolk. Direct saponification resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) content of C14:0, C16:1, C18:3n-3, and C20:4n-6. Fatty acids at less than 0.5%, such as C15:0 and C14:1, were not detectable in the direct saponification method. The total saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids did not differ (P > 0.05) among the four methods. Direct methylation of egg yolk resulted in lower variability than other methods and is fast and economic for determining egg fatty acid composition.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Surgical management of echinococcosis of the heart.

A 23-year-old female with an echinococcal cyst in the atrioventricular groove of the heart is reported. The diagnosis and the location of the cyst were confirmed by echocardiography and cardiac catheter. Successful enucleating of the cyst with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass and the length of follow-up is reported, along with a review of relevant literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clinical and angiographic features in patients under 35 years with a first Q wave acute myocardial infarction.

Sixty patients less than 35 years with a first Q wave acute myocardial infarction were prospectively studied to evaluate their features, risk factors and evidence of any viral infection. Typical chest pain was present in 98.3% with Q waves and ST segment elevation in all. None had hypotension or cardiogenic shock. Smoking was the most common risk factor (81.7%). Mean total cholesterol was 5.74 (+/-1.42) mmol/l. History of a viral illness was present in 28.3%, severe emotional stress in 21.7% and exhausting physical activity in 18.3%. Mean left ventricular diastolic and end systolic volumes were increased (90.11+/-22.5 ml/m2) and (46.62+/-20.46 ml/m2), respectively. The ejection fraction was depressed (49.71+/-1.6%). Triple vessel disease was seen only in 6.8 and 26.7% had insignificant or no coronary artery disease. Left anterior descending artery was most frequently involved (66%). None had left main involvement. Coronary ectasia was present in 11.7%, intracoronary thrombus in 28.3% and 40% had collaterals. Patients with no significant disease had no diabetes, a smaller number had a raised total cholesterol or smoked and had a lower ejection fraction. Patients from the Indian subcontinent who had fewer conventional risk factors, had more severe disease than those from the Arab world suggesting that other etiological factors need investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Late massive haemoptyses from bronchopulmonary collaterals in infarcted segments following pulmonary embolism.

Massive, recurrent haemoptyses requiring blood transfusions occurred in a patient who had been diagnosed as having pulmonary thromboembolism 3 months earlier. To the authors' knowledge this is the first case report of this kind, in which massive haemoptyses were proved to be caused by large bronchopulmonary collaterals that had developed in the infarcted lung segments affected by embolism. Selective embolization of the collaterals proved to be therapeutic and life saving.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Left atrial appendage function in mitral stenosis: is a group in sinus rhythm at risk of thromboembolism?

OBJECTIVE: To study the left atrial appendage (LAA) function and potential for embolization in severe mitral stenosis (MS). BACKGROUND: Patients with MS and atrial fibrillation or in sinus rhythm develop systemic emboli. LAA function has not been well studied in sinus rhythm. METHODS: Forty consecutive patients with MS (valve area < or =0.7 cm2/m2) were studied. LAA ejection fraction and peak emptying velocity were measured along with other data. RESULTS: Patients were subgrouped according to LAA Doppler flow pattern. Group I (n=13) in sinus rhythm had biphasic high velocity > or =25 cm/s. Group II (n=13) in sinus rhythm had biphasic low velocity <25 cm/s. Group III (n=14) in atrial fibrillation had multiphasic irregular flow <25 cm/s or no definite flow. The LAA ejection fraction and peak emptying velocity were strikingly different in all groups. They were lower in group II when compared to group I. Group II had intermediate risk for thromboembolism compared to Group I and III as judged by systemic embolization, spontaneous echo contrast, thrombus in left atrium and LAA. CONCLUSION: A subset of mitral stenosis in sinus rhythm at increased risk of embolization can be suspected by Doppler transesophageal echocardiographic LAA flow profile.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The role of aggressive medical therapy along with early surgical intervention in the cure of Brucella endocarditis.

Timing of surgical intervention in Brucella endocarditis remains controversial. In this report, we review our experience in an attempt to collect some information on the best approach for this entity. From June 1992 to December 1996, 5 male patients between the ages of 20 and 35 years with Brucella endocarditis were operated on in our centre. Three of them had native valve endocarditis (NVE) and 2 with prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). All patients belonged to New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III-IV. All had developed anti Brucella antibodies with serum agglutination titres of > 320 and the sera tested from 3 patients were Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) positive for anti-Brucella IgM and/or IgG antibodies. In 3 cases 2D-echocardiography showed large vegetation on the affected valve. Blood cultures were positive in 4 patients, 2 of them (one each of NVE and PVE) had the valve material culture positive for Brucella. All cases were treated with a combination of doxycycline, refampicine and gentamicin before surgery. Major indication for surgical intervention was severe haemodynamic instability which developed during the course of antibiotic therapy either early (3 cases) or late (2 cases). All patients became asymptomatic at the end of 7 days postoperatively. On the follow-up for a period of 8-51 months, all patients were in NYHA class I-II without evidence of recurrence of infection. These data suggest that in either NVE or PVE Brucella, medical therapy alone may not be sufficient due to the eventual haemodynamic deterioration secondary to valve tissue destruction or dysfunction of the prosthetic valve caused by the infective process. Therefore, a combination of aggressive medical therapy with multiple bactericidal antibiotics and early surgical intervention may result in a successful outcome, but further studies are needed to reach a reliable conclusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Egg yolk polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E content alters the tocopherol status of hatched chicks.

Polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and tocopherol status of newly hatched chicks from hens fed diets containing 3.5% menhaden (MO), flax (LO), palm (PO), or sunflower oils (SO) with (+T) or without tocopherols were examined. Addition of tocopherols increased (P < 0.05) the tocopherol content of eggs and hatched chick tissues. The total tocopherol content was lower (P < 0.05) in MO + T eggs than in LO + T, PO + T, or SO + T eggs. The tocopherol content of chick tissues was as follows liver > plasma > brain. Among the tocopherol-supplemented group, The MO + T chicks incorporated the lowest (P < 0.05) level of total tocopherols in the liver and plasma when compared to chicks hatched from LO + T, PO + T, or SO + T eggs. Brain tissue incorporated the lowest level of tocopherols among all the tissues examined. The fourfold increase in egg tocopherols did not alter the brain tocopherol in MO + T, LO + T, or SO + T chicks. In the MO and LO eggs, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in n-3 PUFA when compared with SO or PO eggs. The C22:6 n-3 content in liver and plasma was higher (P < 0.05) in chicks hatched from MO and LO eggs than in chicks hatched from PO or SO eggs. The brain tissue of MO chicks incorporated the highest (P < 0.05) levels of C22:6 n-3 followed by the brain tissue of LO chicks.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Comparison of bronchopulmonary collaterals and collateral blood flow in patients with chronic thromboembolic and primary pulmonary hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the visualisation of bronchopulmonary collaterals and bronchopulmonary collateral blood flow in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 2nd primary pulmonary hypertension. SETTING: Referral centre for cardiology at an academic hospital. PATIENTS: Nine patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and 17 with primary pulmonary hypertension. INTERVENTIONS: Bronchopulmonary collaterals were visualised by selective bronchial arteriography or thoracic aortography. Bronchopulmonary collateral blood flow was estimated by injecting indocyanine green into the ascending aorta and sampling below the mitral valve from the left ventricle. RESULTS: The degree of pulmonary hypertension was comparable in the two groups. Large bronchopulmonary collaterals were visualised in all the patients with thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who had bronchial arteriography or aortography or both. None of the primary pulmonary hypertension group studied by aortography had bronchopulmonary collaterals (P < < 0.001). All the patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension had significant bronchopulmonary collateral blood flow, which was (mean (SD)) 29.8 (18.6)% of the systemic blood flow. There was no recordable collateral blood flow in 11 of 15 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. In the remaining four patients the mean value was 1.1 (1.8)% of the systemic blood flow (P < < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Visualisation of bronchopulmonary collaterals by thoracic aortography or by bronchial arteriography, or the demonstration of an increased bronchopulmonary collateral flow, helps to distinguish patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension from those with primary pulmonary hypertension.

Aortography↗
PubMed1997

Effect of maternal dietary n-3 fatty acids on the accretion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the tissues of developing chick embryo.

The effect of maternal diets on the accretion of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and liver tissue of developing chick embryos was investigated. Hens were fed diets containing high (HLNA) or low levels of 18:3n-3 (LLNA). The HLNA diet increased (p < 0.05) the content of the 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the yolk lipids with a concomitant reduction (p < 0.005) in 20:4n-6. Diet and time significantly (p < 0.05) affected the transfer of 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) and 20:4n-6 acid from the HLNA and LLNA yolk lipid. In the brain of HLNA chick embryos, a diet- and time-associated increase (p < 0.05) in the phospholipid content was observed. In the brain of HLNA and LLNA embryos, DHA levels increased (p < 0.05) from day 15 to the day of hatching, with a concomitant reduction (p < 0.05) in the liver. The accretion of arachidonic acid plateaued on day 15 in the brain of HLNA and LLNA embryos.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

Changes in the breast milk fatty acids and plasma lipids of nursing mothers following consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched eggs.

The effect of chicken eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids on breast milk and plasma fatty acids was determined in eight nursing women. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) enriched eggs (n-3 eggs) contained 690 mg of n-3 fatty acid with 165 mg composed of longer chain n-3 fatty acid (C20:5 n-3, C22:5 n-3, and C22:6 n-3). Consuming two n-3 eggs as a part of their normal daily meal for 6 wk resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) deposition of total n-3 fatty acids at 3.6% compared with 1.9% for the pretest milk and a reduction in n-6:n-3 ratio (6.7 vs. 3.0). The C20 and C22 n-3 PUFA comprised 1.2% compared with 0.4% in the pretest milk (p < 0.05). Consuming n-3 eggs did not (p > 0.05) alter the C20:4 n-6 or the total n-6 fatty acid content of breast milk. Mean plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were unchanged at the end of the 6-wk trial. Analysis of the breast milk lipids revealed increased (p < 0.05) predominance of n-6 and n-3 PUFA in the milk phospholipids over triglycerides. Positional distribution of phospholipid fatty acids indicated 20:4 n-6 and 20:5 n-3 in the sn-2 position, whereas the sn-1 position had increased levels of C16:0 and C18:0 (p < 0.05). The present study demonstrates that breast milk n-3 PUFA content can be increased without altering the plasma cholesterol or triglycerides when the n-3 PUFA eggs were consumed by nursing women.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1996

Transhiatal versus transthoracic esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and cardia.

BACKGROUND: Transhiatal esophagectomy is a popular method of resection because of its reported lower morbidity and mortality and similar survival rates compared to transthoracic esophagectomy. A review of recent experience with these two procedures for resection of distal esophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma is reported. METHODS: From 1988 to 1994, 48 patients with adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and gastric cardia were resected with intent to cure, 32 by transhiatal esophagectomy (group 1) and 16 by transthoracic esophagectomy (group II). The two groups were comparable in terms of patient demographics, preoperative risk factors, tumor stage, tumor differentiation, and involvement of resection margins (all not significant [NS]). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in median intensive care unit stay, median hospital stay, incidence of postoperative anastomotic leak, and stricture. Respiratory complications were higher in group I (41% versus 6%, P = 0.01). Hospital mortality was not significantly different for the two groups (group I 3.1% versus group II 0%, NS). Actuarial 5-year survival rates (Kaplan-Meier) were 12% for group I and 39% for group II (NS). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that when compared with transhiatal esophagectomy, the transthoracic approach is at least as safe, has comparable complication and survival rates, and remains an acceptable procedure for resection of adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and gastric cardia.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Dietary oils with added tocopherols: effects on egg or tissue tocopherols, fatty acids, and oxidative stability.

The effect of dietary oils [menhaden (MO), flax (FL), palm (PO), and sunflower oils (SF)] with added tocopherols on the tocopherol deposition, fatty acid composition, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of egg or tissues (liver, adipose tissue, white meat, and dark meat) were examined. Addition of tocopherols increased (P < 0.05) the total egg or tissue tocopherol content. The enhancement of total tocopherols in the different tissues in the order of magnitude were egg yolk > liver > adipose tissue > dark meat > white meat. Dark meat contained higher (P < 0.05) total tocopherols than white meat. Dietary MO or FL resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) incorporation of C20:5 n-3 and c22:6 n-3 with a concomitant reduction in C20:4 n-6 in liver, egg, white meat and dark meat. Dietary SF resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) incorporation of C18:2 n-6 and C20:4 n-6 in all the tissues. Addition of PO did not result in any change in the yolk saturated fatty acid content. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids were greater (P < 0.05) in all the tissues from PO diets than in diets with other oils. Dietary tocopherols resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the content of C20:5 n-3 and C22:6 n-3 in the yolk, adipose tissue, and white meat from birds fed MO + T diets. Inclusion of tocopherols resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in TBA values in eggs, in liver for MO and FL diets, and in dark and white meat for the MO diet. Tocopherol supplementation did not result in any change in TBA values in the PO diet.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Net transfer and incorporation of yolk n-3 fatty acids into developing chick embryos.

The effect of egg yolk fatty acid composition on the uptake and utilization of essential n-6 and n-3 fatty acids by the developing chick embryo was studied. Eggs were enriched with n-9, n-3, or n-6 fatty acids by incorporating sunflower seed high in oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), flax seed rich in linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), or sunflower seed high in linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) into the laying hen diets. Fertile eggs were collected and incubated. The fatty acid composition of eggs and newly hatched chicks were compared. Feeding diets containing flax seed increased (P < .05) total n-3 fatty to 528.4 mg compared with 53.9 and 39.3 mg for eggs from hens fed diets with high oleic acid or regular sunflower seed, respectively. Levels of C18:2 n-6 and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in eggs from hens fed diets containing regular or high oleic acid sunflower seeds. Dietary fat did not influence the total lipid content of the egg yolk or total lipids of chick tissues. The fatty acid composition of the hatched progeny was significantly altered by egg yolk lipids. However, the percentage incorporation of essential n-6 and n-3 fatty acids into the progeny increased when yolk sources of these fatty acids were low. The developing chick embryo appeared to preferentially take up docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid from the yolk lipids. Evidence also suggests that conversion of C18:2 n-6 and C18:2 n-3 to longer chain n-3 or n-6 fatty acids occurs during the incubation period.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Omega-3 fatty acid and cholesterol content of newly hatched chicks from alpha-linolenic acid enriched eggs.

Egg yolk was enriched with alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) by feeding laying hens diets containing flax, canola or soybean seeds. Fertilized eggs were incubated and the fatty acid composition of whole body, liver, plasma, brain and the cholesterol content of plasma and liver tissue of the hatched chicks were studied. Eggs enriched with 18:2n-6 fatty acids by feeding hens diets containing sunflower seeds were used as the controls. Feeding flax enriched (P < 0.05) egg yolk and the developing progeny with 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Feeding sunflower seeds resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) of 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6 and 22:5n-6. The predominant polyunsaturated fatty acid of the brain was docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) which was higher (P < 0.05) in the flax and canola fed group. The cholesterol content of the liver tissue was lower (P < 0.05) in chicks hatched from hens fed flax seeds. This study indicates that 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6 in the maternal diet are potent modulators of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 or n-6 fatty acid and of cholesterol content in the developing progeny.

Animals↗