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Biomedical subjects

G Charmot

Publications and source records attributed to G Charmot.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[HIV infection and malaria].

In sub-Saharian Africa, most HIV seropositive subjects carry either haematozoa (especially children) or antimalarial antibodies. Despite a transient decrease in cell-mediated immunity during malarial paroxysms, Plasmodium falciparum malaria does not seem to influence the course of the HIV infection. Paroxysms may be slightly more frequent or slightly more severe in HIV seropositive subjects, but they raise no diagnostic or therapeutic problem. Some cases of HIV contamination have been attributed to the blood transfusions required by malaria-induced anaemia. Prophylactic measures include early chemotherapy of malaria and detection of dangerous blood donors, if necessary by quick tests. Modern HIV tests avoid most of the false-positive reactions sometimes observed during malaria.

Africa, Northern↗
PubMed1990

[The geography of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in black Africa: determination of epidemiological and regional factors].

In Africa, the continent most affected by HIV, the geography of the epidemic shows major contrasts. Strong regionalization differentiates both central-east Africa from west Africa and, within the countries, the urban zones from rural ones. Spatial and population factors are important when mapping the geography of the infection. An analysis of the evolution of movements--merchandise as well as populations--of the landlocked countries of the Great Lakes region of Africa leads the author to formulate a hypothesis involving regional considerations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Africa].

The sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination has not been recommended for the prophylaxis of malaria since 1985 following serious accidents in the USA. However, this drug is worth considering for treatment since it has the advantage over mefloquine of being cheaper, having fewer side effects and it avoids using mefloquine. A study of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to Fansidar should be carried out on cases imported to France to determine an adapted utilisation of this drug. This would be an appreciable advantage for tropical Africa.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Eosinophilic granulomatous hepatitis. Apropos of 3 cases].

The authors report three cases of eosinophilic granulomatous hepatitis observed among 325 liver puncture biopsies. The patients had urinary bilharziasis and had just been treated with oltipraz. These cases were probably due to eosinophilic reactions which sometimes follow treatment of schistosomiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Parasite burden and immune response in kala-azar].

The parasite-burden, which is indicative of the macrophage activity, was determined before treatment in 84 kala azar cases (L. infantum) and compared to non specific immune response parameters (serum IgG, and IgM), to the specific antibody levels as detected by immunofluorescence and IgG and IgM-ELISA, as well as to rheumatoid factor titers. In 57 cases presenting with less than 3 months from the first appearance of symptoms and despite some individual variations, high parasite-burden levels were accompanied with high specific and non specific immune response parameters and inversely. The data suggest that, during kala azar, low and high immune responders could be distinguished in the humans in the way it was demonstrated by Biozzi in mice. Data collected from 27 cases with more than 3 months duration showed a poor correlation. However, at highest antibody levels, some decreasing in parasite-burden was noticed. The prognostic value of the parasite-burden determination is emphasized. Genetic studies of populations would improve control measures.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

[Chemical resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in Africa. Current situation, implications for chemoprophylaxis].

Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to antimalarial drugs is a growing worldwide problem in endemic areas. This is particularly obvious with chloroquine resistance which has been spreading throughout Africa since 1978. Initially localized on the Eastern coast of the continent, it has recently reached the Atlantic coast although Western Africa is as yet unaffected. This resistance has most probably arisen in the autochtonous population under the selective pressure of insufficient curative treatments as a result of self medication. It is most prevalent in children of urban areas but is often revealed in non immune expatriates. In addition, moderately resistant parasites in expatriates under chemoprophylaxis may lead to an insidious clinical form with a low or even negative parasitemia which raises diagnostic problems. Prophylactic and therapeutic schemes must take this new situation into account.

Africa↗
PubMed1987

[2 cases of multiresistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria contracted in Douala with atypical clinical presentation].

We present two cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria contracted in Douala despite adequate prophylaxis by Fansidar for one and by chloroquine for the other. Failure of curative treatment by Fansidar for the first case (in vitro chloroquine-resistant strain) and by amodiaquine plus erythromycin for the second. After these therapeutic failures, both patients presented without fever, but with splenomegaly and anaemia. The successful therapeutic was mefloquine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Minor hepatitis probably caused by amodiaquine].

The authors present eight cases of hepatitis probably due to amodiaquine taken at a prophylactic dose. Seven cases were minor forms with vomiting, nausea and 3 to 8 fold rise in transaminases. One case had jaundice. The symptoms regressed when amodiaquine was replaced by chloroquine. An in vitro test done once was positive.

Amodiaquine↗