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Biomedical subjects

G Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to G Chapman.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Multiple antigenic sites on an eicosapeptide. I. Precipitin studies in the goat.

Purified peptide 105-124, an antigenic determinant from the carboxy terminus ribonuclease, was found to form an immune precipitate with antibody to that region prepared by affinity chromatography from goat hyperimmune antiserum to reduced carboxymethylated ribonuclease (CM-RNase). Cm-rnase also gave an immune precipitate with the antibody. Purified antibody to another region of similar size (40-61) did not form a precipitate with CM-RNase but did co-precipitate in the presence of antibody to peptide 105-124 and CM-RNase. The precipitin reaction between antibody to peptide 105-124 and CM-RNase was inhibited by two synthetic derivatives, peptides 118-124 and ala114-RNase 114-124. Stoichiometry of the precipitin reactions of antibody to 105-124 with CM-RNase or peptide 105-124 suggested an antigen valency of three or more. Consistent with this both peptides 105-124 and ala114-RNase 114-124 elicited immediate cutaneous reactions but 118-124 did not. These findings suggest that the eicosapeptide 105-124 is multivalent since at least three antibodies can react simultaneously with it.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Model studies of leukocyte-endothelium-blood interactions. I. The fluid flow drag force on the adherent leukocyte.

Using a large scale model and the concept of dimensional similarity, we have developed a dimensionless correlation which permits the estimation of the drag force of blood flow in an in vivo vessel on a leukocyte adherent to the vessel wall. This relationship is [formula: see text] where Re is a Reynolds number, Cd is a drag coefficient, and d/D is the leukocyte-to-vessel diameter ratio. This function increases rapidly with increasing d/D when d/D is greater than 0.5. A relationship between the drag force on the leukocyte, Ff, and the commonly used wall shear stress in the absence of the adherent cell, tau w, has also been developed, and is given by [formula: see text] This study shows that the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro critical wall stresses (above which leukocytes do not adhere to endothelial cell layers) is not due to misrepresentation of the corresponding drag forces on the leukocytes. The discrepancy must be due to real differences in the flow and/or cellular conditions between the in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Standardized enteral orders attain caloric goals sooner: a prospective study.

Standardized enteral nutrition order forms were introduced listing the enteral formulary, the advancement schedule of formulae, and whether feedings should be given continuously or intermittently. The efficiency of these forms was evaluated prospectively by counting the number of days needed to reach the patient's estimated caloric needs in a total of 113 patients studied 3 months before (pre-group) and 3 months after (post-group) the introduction of the form. When the standardized enteral order forms were used, patients in the post-group reached their caloric goals 3.1 days sooner than did those in the pre-group. Use of standardized enteral nutrition order forms decreases the time needed to reach a patient's estimated caloric needs, thereby achieving effective nutritional therapy sooner.

Adolescent↗