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Biomedical subjects

G Champault

Publications and source records attributed to G Champault.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Appendectomies. Mac Burney or laparoscopy? (100 cases)].

The authors have compared their early (50 cases) experience on laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis with a control group treated by open approach. A teaching period is necessary to reduce the converting rate to an open procedure from 22% to 6% p = 0.05 and to obtain an equal median anesthesia time (39 vs 40 mn+/-16) ns). The mean post operative stay for open operation was 5-8 (range 3-23) days and for the laparoscopic route 3.3 (range 1-8) days (p < 0.005). The wound infection rate was 16% (n = 8) for open/ and 0% for laparoscopic appendectomy p = 0.001. The results suggest that emergency laparoscopic appendectomy should be explored further as an alternative to open surgery for acute appendicitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[The role of resorbable mesh in the treatment of postoperative eventrations].

Between the simple parietoplasties reserved for small eventrations and the insertion of non-resorbable prostheses, veritable "second" walls for large parietal defects, the place of a resorbable prosthesis is still open to debate. The latter acts, in fact, as a temporary internal contention at a time when the wall is weakened by the repair operation and is exposed prematurely to recurrence. A true "reinforced parietoplasty", this technic was used in 42 patients over" the last four years, without mortality or infectious complication and with only one partial recurrence after a mean follow up of 28 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Totally implantable catheters for cancer chemotherapy: French experience on 325 cases.

325 implantable catheters (PAC) were successfully used for treatment of 310 patients with neoplastic diseases in 21 French medical centers. 263 were placed in central venous sites; 43 in the hepatic artery and 11 in intra-portal sites. There was no failure at insertion time nor was there any death attributable to the method. While average duration of catheterization was 182 days, 72 catheters remain patent after one year of use or longer. Occlusion risk was found to be 3.6%: 1.5% for IV sites and 13.9% for intra-arterial sites (due to smaller inner diameter). 2.4% of the implantations showed cutaneous necrosis and in 2.7% sepsis occurred. Sepsis was much more likely to occur after percutaneous insertions. These results support the use of this device for long term chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Absorbable material in surgery].

Synthetic absorbable sutures, copolymers of sugars absorbed slowly by hydrolysis within defined periods of time and well tolerated by tissues, are resistant to infection and in biological fluids. They represent, after 15 years of use, more than 50% of suture material employed in surgery, and although limited for a long time to thread they are now available as trellis, clips, visceral prostheses and staples in all surgical disciplines. Future perspectives are discussed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

[Surgery of duodenal ulcer. In decline?].

The authors report their experience of the surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer disease and its complications over a 10 year period (1976-1986), i.e. 336 cases from a group of 10748 digestive tract endoscopies performed and 1126 duodenal ulcers identified (10.4%). The efficacy of new types of medical treatment (anti-secretory drugs, endoscopic hemostasis techniques, prostaglandins) and the improved follow-up of patients tend, despite the value and proven safety of Parietal-cell Vagotomy (elective procedure in 76% of the group), to modify: the epidemiological aspect of the disease in the sense of a decrease in the rate of ulcers with complications related to stenosis and perforation; the therapeutic aspect with more limited surgical indications. Is this the end of surgery for duodenal ulcer and its complications?

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1985

[Nonwoven textiles in the operating room].

Non-woven textiles are still not widely used in France, despite the great variety of their presentations. These products are clearly superior to traditional textiles in terms of a bacteriological barrier, which results in a lower rate of post-operative sepsis. It costs the same or less than classical textiles and it reduces the tasks of personnel and administration. Its presently limited used is essentially due to the reticence of surgeons, based on a poor understanding of the products and a psychological barrier which is difficult to overcome.

Clothing↗
PubMed1985

[Completely implantable catheters for anticancer chemotherapy. A French experience of 325 cases].

Three hundred and twenty five implantable catheters (PAC) were used in the treatment of 319 patients with neoplastic disease in 21 French centers. Two hundred and sixty three were inserted in central venous position, 43 in hepatic artery and 11 were intraportal. There were no failures at the time of insertion nor any deaths imputable to the method. Whilst the mean duration of use was 182 days, 72 catheters remain patent after one year of use or more. The risk of obstruction is 3,6% : 1,5% for I.V. sites and 13,9% in intra-arterial because internal caliber are smaller. There were 2,4%, of cases of skin leakage or necrosis and sepsis rate was 2,7%, more frequent er after percutaneous insertion. These result justify the use of this device in long term chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Medical treatment of prostatic adenoma. Controlled trial: PA 109 vs placebo in 110 patients].

110 patients presenting with a prostatic adenoma sufficiently symptomatic to be treated medically, but not requiring surgical management, were included in a controlled test whose effectiveness was assessed after one month on the basis of objective criteria (nocturnal pollakiuria, urinary output, postmictional residue) and subjective criteria (dysuria, patients' opinions). PA 109 appeared significantly more effective than a placebo, especially in the objective criteria (p less than 10(-9]. Perfectly tolerated, clinically and biologically, this efficacy was again found in a supplementary study of forty seven patients, with a mean follow-up of 14.6 months, and over 2 1/2 years in some cases. Under the study conditions, and on the basis of the study criteria, PA 109 seems a good treatment for mictional disorders associated with non-surgical adenomas of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

[The lung in peritonitis. Contribution of data processing to the evaluation of pulmonary risk: practical conclusions].

A retrospective study of 99 case-reports of patients with generalized peritonitis, including 38 postoperative cases involving peritoneum and lungs, was conducted with the aid of two files based on documented data containing 168 and 204 analytical criteria respectively. Data processing and statistical analysis alone were capable of establishing possible relationships between isolated or associated peritoneal factors and respiratory manifestations. Out of the vast quantity of data obtained by using this new approach, only factors significantly affecting pulmonary complications were retained: some relations could not be established because of the small number of patients studied. Respiratory complications were frequent (60%) and severe (58% mortality). They occurred in 96% of postoperative peritonitis cases, with 77% of deaths, and in 44% of primary peritonitis cases, with 36% of deaths. In contrast, when absent the mortality is reduced to 4%. Frequency distribution of clinical signs, pulmonary radiological images and the effects of gasometry are analyzed. Obstruction is a frequent and early symptom. The presence of bilateral diffuse lung shadows and their shunt effect are narrowly correlated with the presence of postoperative peritonitis. Respiratory complications were correlated with peritonitis criteria, particularly with age, the sub-mesocolon origin of the peritonitis, the rapidity of operative intervention, and surgical excision rather than shunt formation or suturing, and to the development of criteria of repeat abdominal or extra-abdominal surgery. Initial antibiotherapy and digestive suction have, on the contrary, no effect. Many other criteria were studied. A "profit" of patients liable to develop these complication is described, the mechanisms outlined, and the means of prevention and of rapid detection discussed, particularly the important role played by early gasometry.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation by delayed hypersensitivity immune reactions of the infectious risk in digestive surgery. Experience with 1300 cases].

Immunity reactivity in 1300 patients during digestive surgery and intensive care was determined by delayed hypersensitivity cutaneous tests. A significant correlation (p less than 0.0001) existed between anergy, the risk of infection and mortality from sepsis (36,5% vs 1,3%) and during sequential changes in test results with prognosis (59% vs 2,9%) (p less than 0.001). Factors capable of influencing immune responses are: neoplasm (296 patients); poor nutrition (114 patients); infections (308 patients). The risk of infection and improvement in prognosis was obtained by control of anergy by means of a high protein-high calorie diet (57 cases), and by attacking infection and stimulating immunity (190 patients) by BCG followed by DTC. The use of disposable, preloaded multiple-puncture equipment, that is simple and rapid in use and in interpretation, provides a current reliable means for evaluating the risk of infection in digestive surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Malignant lymphoma initially of the buttocks: possible role of repeated intramuscular injections].

The authors report the case of a patient who received intramuscular injections of bismuth and penicilline for three consecutive years. Twenty-five years later, a lymphoma of the right buttock developed. The tumor was treated with radiotherapy and remained localized for two years. It then diffused to lungs, maxilla and skin. The occurrence of a lymphoma in muscles is thought to be exceptionnal. It has been suggested that lymphomas may develop at the site of silicone injections or of protracted infections. Fibrosarcomas have been reported after intramuscular injections of iron. The observations may suggest that the muscular lymphoma observed in our patient may have been related to the injections of bismuth performed twenty-five years earlier.

Aged↗