Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Champault

Publications and source records attributed to G Champault.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Thyroidectomy].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1978

[Assessment of postoperative infective risk by delayed hypersensitivity tests. The influence of deficient nutrition and its correction (author's transl)].

Cellular immunity was assessed in 120 patients by simple skin tests (tuberculin, candidine, varidase, C.C.B., trichophyton). There is a close relationship between total anergism and the risk of severe infection in digestive surgery, and between anergism and deficient nutrition as determined by laboratory and anthropometric criteria. Preoperative correction of nutritional deficiency, which is often underestimated, has an inconstant effect upon skin test responses, but seems to decrease severe postoperative infective complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Ulcers of the neck in hiatal hernias. Perforation into the free peritoneum (author's transl)].

Perforation into the free peritoneum of ulcers of the neck of hiatal hernias is a rare complication. On the basis of one case, which would appear to be the third reported in the literature but the only one in which the special circumstances resulted in the diagnosis being made preoperatively, the authors propose a new therapeutic attitude based upon the physiopathology of ulcers of the neck, combining suturing and reduction of the hernia with anterior repositioning of the greater curvature of the stomach, mobilised according to Thal's technique, and thereby simultaneously producing an anterior hemi-valve.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Pancreatic transplantation. Implantation of auto and allografts of the pancreas into the gastric wall of the diabetic rabbit (author's transl)].

The author's studied pancreatic autotransplants and allotransplants in the gastric submucosa of the rabbit after removal of the pancreas. Pancreatctomy causes severe diabetes with hyperkaliemic acidosis which is always fatal with 72 hours. Auto or allotransplantation cures the diabetes within two to three days, and maintains normal glucose balance for about 60 days. Early death after transplantation occurred when the graft was totally ineffective. After transplantation, the blood sugar rose progressively towards the 15th day, then suddenly and definetely at the time of necrosis of the graft towards the 15th or 21st day. The follow up in some transplanted animals exceeded two months. The interest of the procedure resides in the implantation of a large critical mass (25 to 30% of the pancreas ) in a well-vascularised area, drained by the portal system, and permitting the digestive tract elimination of the pancreatic necrosis whether of vascular or immune origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Anaerobic bacteria in digestive surgery. Pathogenic role and prognostic incidence (author's transl)].

The authors isolated in common surgical practice 83 anaerobic bacteria mainly bacteroides and clostridia. They analyse their pathogenic role in relation to the site of sampling. Comparing the bacteriological results with a clinical study of 96 cases of generalised peritonitis, there appeared to be no significant differente between the prognosis in peritonitis and anaerobic bacteria and those without anaerobic bacteria. The mortality was identical in septicemia due to anaerobic and aerobic bacteria; jaundice was just as frequent in both series. However, the prognosis of peritonitis due to anaerobic bacteria seems better when antibiotic treatment is adapted to the bacteria, e.g. lincomycin, metronidazole. With regard to anaerobic bacteria, which represent only part of the fecal flora, it may be dangerous by selection of resistant strains to use prophylactic antibiotics as a routine; local treatment of the septic focus seems the most important. The pathogenic role of anaerobic bacteria in digestive pathology is far from clearly defined; one should not follow the fashion of using even specific antibiotics without justification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Colonic preparation for surgery. Interest of digestive irrigation (author's transl)].

Colonic surgery is still relatively lethal and there is a morbidity related to the breakdown of sutures which seems linked to the quality of the colonic preparation. Although everyone agrees today that this preparation is necessary, the choice of the procedure remains debated. High flow rate digestive irrigation with a solution of 10% mannitol presents numerous advantages compared with standard preparations. It definitely ensures better emptying of the colon; its role on the colonic flora is variable, minor and transient, which raises the problem of complementary antibiotic therapy. The encouraging results with regard to septic post-operative complications should lead one to extend the indications and to undertake random studies after definition of strict criteria of comparison on large series to find the procedure best adapted to each situation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Efficacy of biliary by-pass operations in carcinoma of the head of the pancreas with jaundice (author's transl)].

In the present state of detection and treatment of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, only palliative surgery is available. The debate concerning the type of bilio-digestive by-pass is far from closed. Although by-passes using the gall bladder remain rare in France, above all reserved for advanced cancer, we prefer to use the common bile duct. The choice of the by-pass depends mainly on the local conditions and on the general state of the patient. Side-to-side choledoco-duodenal anastomosis, provided the technic is perfect and there is no duodenal obstruction, remains the simplest and therefore the most commonly used by-pass. However in cases of large pancreatic carcinomas modifying the relations between the duodenum and the bile duct or stenosing the duodenum, or as a routine whenever possible, it seems to us advisable to undertake a choledoco-jejunostomy on a Y loop (the raised loop is also used for a gastrojejunostomy), and this seems to give the most rapid recovery from the jaundice, a low mortality and ensure the longest survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Diagnosis of hepatic metastasis by enzymatic assay. Value of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase].

Variations in serum enzyme levels were studied in 50 patients suffering from various types of neoplasm, 25 of whom had hepatic metastases. In the absence of any associated hepato-biliary or pancreatic disorder, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase would appear to be a reliable test in 96 % of cases. It represents a factor of assessment which merits a place in the prognostic study of all types of neoplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Hydroelectrolytic disturbances secondary to high flow lavage used for the prevention of posthemorrhagic encephalopathy in cirrhosis].

The authors carried out high flow intestinal lavage during gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotics in order to obtain rapid elimination of blood from the intestine and thereby reduce the risk of encephalopathy. The fluid used had been developed for preparation of the colon for surgery and was responsible for water and electrolyte disturbances with water and salt retention. Without criticising the principle of lavage in the prevention of encephalopathy, the authors express certain reserves with regard to the use of this solution and suggest the use of a sodium-free substance remaining within the intestinal lumen (hypertonic mannitol) which does not cause any water/electrolyte imbalance, is more effective and would appear to have a slight though definite action on the resorption of ascites.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1977

[Study of tracheal pressures transmitted by intubation tube balloons].

In the light of experimental studies on balloons of several intubation tubes, the concepts of occlusive pressure, tracheal pressure and minimum occlusive volume are defined and dissociated. An in vivo study made it possible to determine the importance of the tracheal mucous pulse, the suppression of which could contribute to tracheal stenosis.

Intubation, Intratracheal↗
PubMed1977

[Continuous and interrupted intestinal sutures. Experimental and clinical study (author's transl)].

The authors report a clinical study of 101 cases of continuous digestive suture and an experiment comparing intestinal healing after continuous and interrupted sutures. A certain discrepancy exists between the excellent clinical results and the pathological and microscopic findings with continuous sutures, and in particular the presence of pseudo-diverticular pouches in 20% of cases developing at the expense of a mucosal evagination within the suture. If carefully performed, continuous suture seems excellent, preventing by its watertightness, the onset of early fistula.

Animals↗