Biomedical subjects
G Cavallo
Publications and source records attributed to G Cavallo.
[Biological bases of autoimmunity].
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[The mechanism of action of aminoglycosides].
The mechanism of action of aminoglycosides depends on the inhibition of polypeptide synthesis. In fact, some of them such as Streptomycin, Sisomicin and Gentamicin are believed to cause codon misreading, by increasing the incorporation of certain aminoacids into polypeptide in the ribosome-polyribonucleotide system. Their primary site of action seems to be located in the bacterial ribosome system. Experiments with Sisomicin showed that this antibiotic arrest cell growth, aminoacid incorporation and Beta-galactosidase synthesis, but not incorporation of uracil in ribonucleic acid in E. coli cultures. When polypeptide synthesis is directed by endogenous messenger in cell-fre extracts, the antibiotic stimulates the incorporation of some amino acids into protein.
[Lymphocytic and lymphocytoactive components in the etiopathogenic mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus. An analysis of the literature].
Lymphocyte populations play an important role in the mechanism of autoantibody induction, mainly of antinuclear ones, in such collagen diseases as S.L.E. Aetiology and pathogenesis of SLE are multifactorial: genetic predisposition, lupogenic factors (among them the hormonal ones) with direct and indirect action on B and T lymphocytes, conditioning the production of lymphocytotoxins and antibodies against blood cells. Subjects carrying the HLA DRW3 antigen have three to four times more probabilities to get a S.L.E. In the serum of SLE patients as well as in their relatives auto-or heterolymphocytotoxic antibodies are present, directed against the antigens of the HLA complex. There is evidence that antilymphocyte antibodies appear in patients with procainamide induced SLE, as well as anti-IgG - and antierythrocyte antibodies; this fact is due to the impairment of the immunologic regulation. Concerning the circulating immunocomplexes (CIC) in idiopathic S.L.E., it was observed that they increase in patients with active SLE, but there is no statistical evidence of a significant inverse proportional rate of these parameters. The role of CIC in SLE induction is bound with T lymphocyte subsets.
[Production of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies that recognize the receptor for murine gamma interferon].
In this work we consider the possibility to produce a monoclonal antibody against murine interferon gamma receptor using an approach based on the anti-idiotypic network theory of Jerne. We have found a rat monoclonal antibody (C-28) directed against the combining site of AN-18, a rat monoclonal antibody neutralizing murine interferon gamma activity, that is able to bind interferon receptor.
[Urinary tract infections: bacteriological aspects of recurrent cystitis].
Gram-negative bacteria, and above all E. coli and Proteus sp., cause the great part of UTI. Some characters of microorganisms (as the capsular K antigen, the production of haemolysin and the endotoxin of cell wall) can affect the invasive capacity and the virulence of E. coli. The bacterial adherence, due to the presence of fimbriae, seems to be correlated to the persistence of microorganisms in lower urinary tract. Moreover Enterobius vermicularis, intestinal parasite frequent in infancy, can transport in girls E. coli strains from the rect, through the urethra, to the bladder. The data regarding the importance of the immune local response are not clear yet.
[Effect of gamma-interferon on the adherence of streptococci to different murine cell lines].
In the present study we analyze IFN-gamma capability to modulate bacterial adherence of group A Streptococci to murine cells such as fibroblast (L-929) or phagocytic cells (P 388 and PP-induced macrophages). IFN-gamma increases adherence of Streptococci to macrophages but not to L-929 cells. This finding could have important implication for the "in vivo" adhesion of bacteria to phagocytic cells.
[The planet Immunology].
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[Value of the transjugular approach to embolization of esophageal varices in digestive system hemorrhage caused by portal hypertension].
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[Tumor immunology: difficult routes through myths, epiphenomena and frustrations].
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[Urinary tract infections: note on its status].
Some aspects of urinary tract infection are considered. We have particularly examined the adhesion of bacteria to epithelial cells as virulence factor, the diagnosis of the site of infection, the possibility of mistakes in the diagnosis of bacterial cystitis and the relationship between infection and lithogenesis.
The role of antibiotics in the evolution of microorganisms.
Bacteria were the first living beings to appear on our planet: the most ancient fossils available, all of them were procaryotic microorganisms, developed 4, 5 billion years ago. The paleomicrobiological studies made on that kind of fossils, which are by now several hundreds in each continent, proved bacteria to have constantly evolved and to have originated the modern Eubacteria as well as the Archebacteria and the Cianobacteria. These last appeared about 2 billion years ago and, having acquired the oxygen-type photosynthesis, have caused the formation of a large amount of organic material, afterwards used by the younger organisms, and have modified the atmosphere introducing oxygen in it and conditioning in this way the other living being's evolution. From Bacteriaceae and Cyanobacteria derive the eucaryotic microorganisms (algae, fungi, protozoa, mould) and, little by little, all the other organisms both vegetable and animal subjected to the evolutionary pressures. Nevertheless bacteria undergo more frequently than all the others the evolution law because of their short reproductive time; this is the reason why bacteria are favourite compared with the other organisms. In fact each species is subjected to a genetic mutation every 10(5)/10(6) generations: in the vegetables and animals the consequences of a genetic mutation will be evident after millennia whereas in the bacteria the mutation happens in a short time. We ourselves have witnessed the revolution which took place in the bacteria populations during the last half century when numerous antibiotic-resistant strains appeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Luigi Califano 1901-1976].
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Hemagglutination by natural and synthetic nucleic acids.
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[Etiology and rational therapy of acute otitis media in adults].
Acute otitis media (AOM) is an infection frequently found in children, but tends to be less frequent with age and its frequency in adults is only about 1%. The etiology of AOM in children is prevalently bacterial; numerous studies have shown the most common etiological agents. But the etiology in adults has not been well studied. The authors examined 40 cases of AOM in adults, the pathologic material was obtained by needle aspiration; in 32 samples there was bacterial growth. In the majority of the cases (94%) the bacteria isolated were the same as those found in children: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis; much rarer were S. pyogenes and S. aureus. On the potential beta-lactamase producing strains, this activity was measured. From our findings we believe that there is the necessity to have a rational antibiotic therapy (due to the difficulty in obtaining pathologic material) with active drugs for the probable etiological agents of AOM.
Viral evasion of cytokine-mediated host defense mechanisms.
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