Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Cavallini

Publications and source records attributed to G Cavallini.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pancreatic exocrine function in rosacea.

As some rosacea patients complain of gastrointestinal troubles and the administration of pancreatic extracts ameliorates both dyspepsia and skin lesions, the pancreatic exocrine function in 21 subjects affected with rosacea has been investigated by means of the secretin-cerulein infusion test. 21 healthy controls have been studied for comparison. No difference was found between rosacea and control subjects for flow rate, bicarbonate and chymotrypsin concentration and output, while lipase concentration and output was significantly lower in rosacea patients, with a decrease ranging from 18.5 to 66% of normal values. Therefore, a deficient lipase secretion could be responsible, at least partly, for the clinical manifestations of rosacea.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The LAI test in specific immune-reactivity studies of fibrocytic breast disease.

Sixteen cases of fibrocystic breast disease at different histopathologic stages were examined with the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. Skeletal muscle and gastric carcinoma extracts were used as controls. The glass adherence of leukocytes from patients affected by fibrocystic breast disease was more inhibited when extracts from breasts with fibrocystic disease were used rather than control extracts. Nonadherence indexes (NAIs) were high in 8 cases, around 20 in 4 cases, a little above zero in 2 cases and below zero in 2 cases. NAIs were related to the histopathologic stage: the highest NAIs were found in 8 cases of classic fibrocystic disease, the lowest in 1 case of simple breast fibrosis.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Gastric secretion, gastroduodenal histological changes, and serum gastrin in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.

Controversial data have been reported on gastric acid secretion in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, studies on gastroduodenal morphological changes in patients with this disease and with other alcohol-related conditions have given different results. Basal and penta-gastrin-stimulated gastric secretion, histological changes of gastric and duodenal mucosa, and basal and meal-stimulated gastrin were measured in 21 patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and in the following pair-matched groups: 21 chronic alcoholics and 21 control subjects (nonulcer dyspepsia), and in 19 patients with proven liver cirrhosis of alcoholic origin. No patient suffered from peptic ulcers. Moreover, gastric secretion was also measured in 51 patients with proven duodenal ulcers and in 34 healthy subjects. Basal acid output in patients with chronic pancreatitis was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the other groups, except for the patients with duodenal ulcers. Peak acid output values in patient with chronic pancreatitis were similar to those measured in patients with duodenal ulcer, and they were higher than in the healthy subject group and in patients with liver cirrhosis, but statistical significance was not attained for patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. An increased frequency of duodenitis was found in patients with chronic pancreatitis, whereas an increased frequency of gastric metaplasia in the duodenal bulb was observed in all the patients with alcohol-related conditions considered. No relevant differences among the considered groups were found relating to gastric histological changes. Basal and meal-stimulated gastrin were similar in all the studied groups. This study suggests that in patients with chronic pancreatitis there is increased gastric secretion and probably an increased capacity for secretion of acid. Moreover, in patients with chronic pancreatitis, duodenitis seems to be frequent, but it probably is not directly related to chronic alcohol consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Presence of duodenopancreatic feedback in minipigs and possible interference from the bile.

In two minipigs chronic pancreatic and duodenal fistulas, which allowed the diversion and the intestinal replacement of pancreatic secretion, were prepared. In a third minipig a chronic biliary fistula was also prepared so the bile secretion could be fed back into the intestine through a duodenal catheter. In these animals a chronic gastric fistula was made so gastric secretion could also be collected. Diversion-replacement of pure pancreatic juice and of bile were carried out in the fasting state. This study confirms the presence of a feedback regulatory mechanism in exocrine pancreatic secretion in the pig. Moreover, it suggests that bile can interfere with this phenomenon.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comparison between neomycin and lactulose in 173 patients with hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical study.

A randomized study was performed in order to compare the course of hepatic encephalopathy in patients treated with neomycin plus magnesium sulfate or with lactulose. Admission criteria were: morphological diagnosis of cirrhosis and absence of comorbidity, of contraindications to drugs, or of previous treatments which could influence the outcome. The treatment groups were similar in terms of clinical characteristics, fatalities, recovery rate from grade 1 encephalopathy, and disappearance rate of neuropsychiatric signs. Transitions from severe to grade 1 or 0 encephalopathy showed a 0.17 (NS) difference in favor of neomycin. Early therapy and evidence of precipitating factors showed a favorable prognostic significance. Ascites, hyperbilirubinemia, poor nutritional state, and hypoprothrombinemia showed bad prognostic significance. This is the first large-scale investigation on hepatic encephalopathy. It demonstrated a similar effectiveness of the two drugs in grade 1 encephalopathy and provides a basis for drug selection in the current management of the syndrome.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1981

Circulating trypsin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pancreatitis.

The present study has been designed to work out the factors regulating the fasting serum levels of trypsin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pancreatitis. One hundred patients with chronic pancreatitis have been included and studied during a painless phase of the disease. No relationships have been observed between serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity and the presence of pancreatic calcifications. Serum immunoreactive trypsin levels showed a gradual decline parallel to the progressive impairment of bicarbonate and enzyme (trypsin and chymotrypsin) outputs in duodenal aspirates during pancreatic secretory studies. Therefore, serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity levels are thought to reflect the functional capacity of the exocrine pancreas. Reduced levels of trypsin-like immunoreactivity were detected in almost all patients with diabetes and steatorrhea. However, the finding of low levels also in a minority of chronic pancreatitis patients with normal endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or pancreatic secretory tests points to other factors which, in addition to the atrophy of the pancreatic parenchyma, may influence the circulating levels of trypsin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pancreatitis.

Antigens↗
PubMed1981

A comparative evaluation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and the secretin-cholecystokinin test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: a multicentre study in 124 patients.

A comparative evaluation of ERCP and the bicarbonate output 30 min after stimulation of the pancreas with secretin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin, was carried out in 124 patients, of whom 65 were affected by proven chronic pancreatitis (PCP), and 59 by only suspected chronic pancreatitis (SCP). In PCP patients the false negative results were 14.7% and 21.5%, respectively. In 5 of the PCP patients with false negatives on ERCP and functional test a normal result of both the procedures was found. ERCP and bicarbonate output were found to be abnormal in 12% and 40%, respectively of 59 patients with SCP. In 30 SCP subjects both procedures gave a normal result, and only in two cases were results abnormal. A correct classification of the SCP patients with pathological bicarbonate secretion and normal ERCP seems quite impossible. The diagnostic usefulness of ERCP results is preeminent but the of carrying out both types of investigation together may give complementary information in the evaluation of pancreatic disorders.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1981

Effect of graded doses of secretin on parathormone serum levels in man.

5 healthy volunteers were submitted to i.v. infusion for 45 min of graded doses of commercial GIH secretin (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.5, 1 and 2 CU/kg h-1). Parathormone serum levels were measured before and during the infusion. All the dosages of exogenous secretin were followed by a significant increase in serum PTH levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Commercial GIH secretin, even at low doses, seems to increase circulating parathyroid hormone levels significantly.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1981

Effect of exogenous gastrointestinal peptides containing the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin on calcium, calcitonin and parathormone serum levels in man.

Gastrointestinal hormones containing the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin are involved in calcium homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate: 1) the effect of a standard meal (schedule a) and of a duodenal infusion of 5% aminoacid solution (schedule b) on calcium, CT and PTH serum levels in man; 2) the behaviour of these parameters during I.V. infusions of pentagastrin (mcg 1.5/Kg-hour), sincalide (mcg 0.04/Kg-hour) and caerulein (ng 75/Kg-hour) (schedule c). In order to avoid any possible interference by endogenous secretin release, schedule c was performed in 5 patients previously submitted to total gastrectomy. Schedule a and b were studied in 5 healthy volunteers. After a standard meal a slight increase of CT and PTH was measured. Duodenal infusion of aminoacid was followed by hypocalcaemia and slight but constant rise of CT levels, without significant variations of circulating PTH. Pentagastrin, sincalide and caerulein induced a slight but significant hypocalcaemia and a rise of serum CT levels, together with a significant increase of serum PTH. These findings suggest that peptides containing the C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin directly affect calcium homeostasis in the absence of secretin release.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Effect of graded doses of PGE2 on pancreatic exocrine secretion of bicarbonate, chymotrypsin and cyclic nucleotides during i.v. infusion of secretin in man.

We have previously reported that PGE2 inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion during Secretin-Caerulein infusion, but differing results have also been reported. In this study 10 tests were performed in 5 healthy volunteers as follows: each subject received secretin (GIH) 2 CU/Kg-h by continuous infusion for 2 hours and, several days later, Secretin at the same dose plus PGE2 (Upjohn) in step-wise doses (0.04-0.08-0.12 gamma/Kg min) increasing every thirty min form 30' to 120' min. Duodenal juice was collected in 10 min samples. The volume of each sample was recorded and bicarbonate, chymotrypsin, cAMP and cGMP contents were determined. Statistical evaluation was performed by Student's "t" test for paired data and the regression test. PGE2 significantly decreased chymotrypsin concentration under Secretin. Both cyclic AMP and GMP Secretin-induced secretions were significantly increased by the highest dose of PGE2. No correlation was found in the behaviour of bicarbonate, chymotrypsin and cyclic nucleotides, but it must be noted that our data concern duodenal contents and not pure pancreatic secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Urinary PABA recovery after oral N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA administration combined with various exocrine pancreatic stimulants.

Eleven healthy volunteers (C) and nine patients affected by chronic relapsing pancreatitis (CP) were administered N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-PABA orally, at a dose of 150 mg combined, on different days, with: 1) water alone (schedule a); 2) Lundh meal (schedule b); 3) Secretin-Caerulein by i.v. infusion (0.5 CU/kg/hr and 75 ng/kg/hr respectively) (schedule c); 4) Caerulein by i.m. injection (300 ng/kg) (schedule d). The mean urinary PABA recovery in CP was lower than in C with all the schedules, but this was statistically significant only with schedules a and c (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05 respectively). With respect to b, c, and d, the mean urinary PABA recovery seemed to increase both in C and in CP as compared with schedule a, but only in the CP group with schedule b was the increase statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The present data show that the exocrine pancreatic stimulants do not improve the reliability of the PABA test.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Hereditary pancreatitis: morphological pictures (ERCP) in the youngest member of a family.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pictures of the pancreatic duct and of the biliary tract are described in the youngest member of a family with hereditary pancreatitis. The endoscopic changes are very similar to those usually observed in patients affected by chronic relapsing pancreatitis. Morphological changes were particularly marked in the body and tail of the pancreas. However, no abnormal changes were observed in the biliary tract.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Fasting serum gastrin in primary hyperparathyroidism and in chronic hypercalcemia.

In order to investigate the frequency of fasting hypergastrinaemia in primary hyperparathyroidism (A) and in chronic hypercalcaemia (B), in 40 and 16 patients respectively gastrin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium levels were measured and compared with those of a control group (40 subjects) with similar distribution of sex and age. Moreover, possible linear relationships between these parameters were investigated. Notwithstanding significant differences in calcium and PTH levels between the three groups (A: high PTH, high Ca++; B: low PTH, high Ca++; C: normal PTH and Ca++ levels), no significant difference in gastrin levels were found. However, in the first group, a marked increase of gastrin was observed in one patient, very probably affected by a gastrin-secreting tumor (positive secretin test). While no linear relationship between PTH and gastrin values was present in all the three groups, a significant correlation between serum calcium and fasting gastrin was detectable in the group A, ruling-out the above mentioned patient. Present data suggest that PTH does not modify gastrin levels and that chronic moderate hypercalcaemia does not raise serum fasting gastrin, at least in clinical conditions. Moreover, the frequency of hypergastrinaemia in hyperparathyroidism is very low and it seems to be present only in patients with gastrin-secreting tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Serum prolactin response to acute and chronic cimetidine administration in man.

UNLABELLED: The effects of cimetidine administration on the serum prolactin (PRL) response has been studied in twenty healthy volunteers and 46 duodenal ulcer patients. Cimetidine acute administration in two different doses (200 or 400 mg i.v.) induced a similar conspicuous rise of PRL while CB154, a dopaminergic drug, inhibited said increase. No high PRL level was observed when the drug was administered per os in a single acute dose (800 mg), nor in the chronic short-term treatment (1 g/die/28 days) for duodenal ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Cimetidine has no antidopaminergic activity or this hypothetic action is very slight; 2. serum PRL increase after the drug is probably ascribable to the H2-receptor blocking, 3. this effect is observable only with the bolus i.v. of cimetidine, but not during or after acute and chronic oral administration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

The role of caerulein in tests of exocrine pancreatic function.

Secretin (1 CU/Kg) plus Caerulein (100 ng/Kg) or Cholecystokinin (1 or 2 IvyU/Kg) were given by rapid intravenous injection (Schedule 1) or by continuous infusion (Schedule 2) to 63 control subjects (C) and 69 patients affected by chronic pancreatitis (CP). Duodenal juice was collected for two and four 30-minute periods in schedule 1 and schedule 2, respectively. Volume, bicarbonate, and enzyme content were measured. Secretin-Daerulein, by rapid intravenous injection, showed a strong overlapping between C and CP values and led to some side-effects. Secretin-Caerulein by continuous intravenous infusion gave almost identical results as the Secretin-Cholecystokinin.

Adolescent↗