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Biomedical subjects

G Casetta

Publications and source records attributed to G Casetta.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

CA-50 as tumour marker in transitional bladder carcinoma.

Monoclonal antibody CA-50 is a useful tumour marker in gastrointestinal carcinoma. We report an assessment of its value in bladder cancer patients. We found raised levels in 2 of 2 patients with infiltrating carcinoma and in 8 of 35 with superficial carcinoma. The recurrence rate was higher in patients with raised levels, since 6 of 8 with elevated levels and 15 of 27 with normal values had a recurrence within 6 months. T1 and T3 carcinoma had a mean CA-50 level higher than normal. G3 tumours had a mean level slightly above normal. A statistically significant difference emerged when comparing Ta with T1 + T3 carcinomas. A longer study, with serial determinations, could assess the role of CA-50 as a prognostic indicator in bladder cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1989

Low dosage treatment with propiono-hydroxamic acid in paraplegic patients.

Severe urinary tract infections due to urease-producing bacteria are frequently associated with neurourologic pathologies and complicated by infected nephrolithiasis. Hydroxamic acids, acting as urease inhibitors, can effectively reduce lithiasic risk, normalizing the urinary environment, as well as enhancing the action of antibiotic treatments. A low dosage propiono-hydroxamic acid (PHA) treatment, 60 mg twice a day for 7 days and then 60 mg/day, was used in 15 patients affected with neurourologic pathologies for 3 months. Nine patients were stone-free and 6 stone-bearers. Urinary pH and ammonium decreased in both groups. Halving the PHA dose did not cause any variation in urinary pH or ammonium trends. In the stone-bearing group an increase in these parameters was correlated with urinary infection recurrences. Complete sterilization was achieved in 11 of 14 patients who completed the trial. In the stone-free group no patient had an infectious recurrence after the first month. Two patients in the stone-bearing group had repeated recurrences. One patient dropped out after 45 days due to a decrease in platelets. The efficacy of such low dose treatment makes even long-term or repeated therapies possible, as is often needed by neurourologic patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum prostate-specific antigen determination in prostatic carcinoma.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a tissue-specific glycoprotein identified by Wang in 1979. It is synthesized in the prostate independently of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). A total of 199 subjects were divided into four groups: controls aged less than 50 years, controls aged more than 50 years, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and patients with prostatic carcinoma. PSA cut-off value was set at 10 ng/ml (mean for the BPH group plus 2 SD). With this cut-off value PSA could not be used as an early predictor of prostatic carcinoma. The association of PSA and PAP in prostatic cancer increases the number of patients with positive biological markers.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma].

The Authors present a case of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma, diagnosed because of the early symptomatic hydronephrosis due to the compression of the tumour on the lumbar ureter. Some general clinical aspects of retroperitoneal sarcomas are discussed too. In the case presented adjuvant therapy was not advised, because of the small volume of the tumour and the possibility of its complete excision.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunohistochemical determination of antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in transitional carcinoma of the bladder].

Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) histological expression in transitional cell bladder carcinoma (TCBC) was studied by means of immunohistochemistry and its findings compared with those of Tissue Polypeptidic Antigen (TPA) and Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA). Twenty-one TCBC of various grade and stage were analyzed by using Avidin-Biotin complex method for CA 19-9 and TPA Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase method for CEA. Grade 3 and pT1, pT2/pT3 carcinomas showed a constant staining for CA 19-9 antigen, grade 2 showed a 50% positive immunoreaction while all grade 1 cases were negative. TPA showed an inverse correlation with well differentiated carcinomas which were better and more extensively stained than anaplastic ones. CEA expression was not correlated either with grade or stage. CA 19-9 could be considered as a dedifferentiation marker in TCBC.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The Sarig test. A simple method to evaluate the inhibitory effect on urinary crystallization of calcium oxalate].

In this study, the Authors evaluate a simple test proposed by Sarig for the discrimination of kidney stone-formers, based on the overall urine inhibitory effect. A solution of the tested urine is added with sodium-oxalate and the kinetics of calcium-oxalate precipitation is indirectly followed with ionometric selective measurement of the progressive reduction of free calcium ions. A Discriminating Index may be therefore calculated; higher values are obtained in lithiasic patients in comparison with normal controls.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood and urine determinations of tissue polypeptide antigen in patients with bladder carcinoma].

The Tissue Polypeptide Antigen (TPA) is an oncofetal antigen widely used in the diagnosis and follow-up of several urothelial cancers. Its urinary and serum detection is performed by means of RIA technique. We determined urinary and serum TPA in 30 patients with bladder cancer who underwent a transurethral resection. Ten out of 30 patients were correctly diagnosed by serum TPA, 22 by urinary TPA. The ANOVA test showed a statistically significant correlation between grade and urinary TPA between stage and serum TPA. Urinary TPA showed a good sensibility in low grade and moreover in Ta stage carcinoma. Serum TPA increased its performance with higher grade carcinoma and in presence of a muscle infiltration, but it never reached a sufficient sensibility to be considered a bladder cancer marker. In conclusion the simultaneous determination of urinary and serum TPA does not give more information than the urinary determination alone.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparison of fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin) in the therapy of lower urinary tract infections].

The present study was carried out to assess comparatively the effectiveness and tolerance of norfloxacin, enoxacin and ofloxacin in the treatment and prophylaxis of infections of the low urinary tract in non-hospitalised patients. Thirty patients presenting positive uroculture on clinical evidence of ongoing infection were treated. Doses were 400 mg b.i.d. for norfloxacin, and 300 mg b.i.d. for ofloxacin and enoxacin; duration of treatment was 7 days in treatment. The pathogen was eradicated in 94% of cases at the control carried out after 5 days from the end of treatment; in the follow-up at 20 days, recurrences or reinfections were observed in 30% of the cases, almost all of them consisting of complicated infections. Slight side-effects were observed in 8 patients. No significant differences in effectiveness or tolerance were reported between the 3 quinolones under study which are therefore considered reliable overall for urological treatment. The absence of greater side-effects is related to the restriction of indications and the brevity of the therapeutic cycles.

Adult↗