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Biomedical subjects

G Casella

Publications and source records attributed to G Casella.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

The specificity of binding of the narcotic agonist etorphine in synaptic membranes of rat brain in vivo.

When 3H-etorphine was administered to rats in a pharmacologically effective dose (0.75 mug/kg intracisternally), the labeled drug was concentrated in synaptic membrane fractions isolated from the brains of rats killed 10 min after etorphine injection. Pretreatment of the animals with the narcotic antagonists naloxone, diprenorphine or l-cyclorphan, blocked the pharmacological responses to etorphine and reduced 3H-etorphine binding in the membrane fractions. The differences between 3H-etorphine bound in synaptic membranes of rats treated with d-cyclorphan (inactive isomer) and l-cyclorphan (active antagonist) were in the same range as the reductions in etorphine binding in antagonist-treated rats, indicating that stereospecific and pharmacologically-specific binding sites in synaptic membranes in vivo were of the same magnitude: about 0.04 pmol/g brain.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous seeding after ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cutaneous seeding is a rare complication of interventional ultrasound procedures. We describe a case of needle-track cutaneous seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sonographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). In our case, the seeding might have been related to the type of needle used and the multiple passes required to treat the liver lesion. Despite the risk of needle-track seeding, PEI remains useful in the treatment of HCC.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic structure of susceptibility traits for hip dysplasia and microsatellite informativeness of an outcrossed canine pedigree.

An outcrossed canine pedigree was developed for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of hip dysplasia by breeding dysplastic Labrador retrievers to trait-free greyhounds. Measured susceptibility traits included age at onset of femoral capital chondroepiphyseal ossification (OSS), maximum hip distraction (laxity) index (DI), and the dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score. The pedigrees consisted of 147 dogs representing four generations. For 59 dogs genotyped with 65 microsatellites, the median heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values of the F(1) generation were 0.82 and 0.68, respectively. Seventy-seven percent of microsatellites had a PIC greater than 0.59 in the F(1)s. Ninety-six percent of alleles showed Mendelian inheritance. Based on marker informativeness, approximately 350 randomly selected markers would be required for genome-wide screening to obtain an average interval between informative markers of 10 cM. Heritability was estimated as 0.43, 0.5, and 0.61 for OSS, DI, and the DLS score, respectively. Biometric estimates of the mean (+/- variance) effective number of segregating QTLs was 1.2 (+/- 0.05), 0.8 (+/- 0.02), and 1.0 (+/- 0.03) for OSS, DI, and the DLS score, respectively. The distributions of simulated backcross trait data suggested that the loci controlling these traits acted additively and that the DI may be controlled by a major locus. When combined with previous power and quantitative genetic analyses, these estimates indicate that this pedigree is informative for QTL mapping of hip dysplasia traits.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complete regression of primary gastric MALT-lymphoma after double eradication Helicobacter pylori therapy: role and importance of endoscopic ultrasonography.

The authors report on a case of complete regression of primary gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue MALT-lymphoma after double eradication Helicobacter pylori therapy. They analyze the diagnostic role of endoscopic ultrasonography and the therapeutic aspects, on the grounds of literature data and personal experience are analyzed.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Warthin's tumor of parotid gland: treatment of a retroneural lesion by enucleation.

The papilliferous cystadenomas lymphomatosum or Warthin's tumor is a relatively rare and generally benign neoformation whose incidence is second only to the pleomorfic adenoma. 84% of all Warthin's tumor strikes the parotid gland. We report the two cases that come to our observation paying particular attention to the second one in which occurred a synchronous bilateral manifestation, a rarity in the clinical circle. We want to highlight that enucleation should be the preferred treatment in most cases due to extremely small dimension of Warthin's tumor. Moreover it is possible to perform this kind of surgical treatment even in the case of a retroneural lesion without causing any damage to the facial nerve and its main branches. As regards complications and sequelae we noticed neither a permanent nor a temporary injury of the facial mimicry and sensibility.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic and surgical management of submandibular gland sialolithiasis: report of a stone of unusual size.

Sialolithiasis of the salivary glands is a relatively rare occurrence. It is the most common cause of acute and chronic infections. Sialoliths occurs in the submandibular gland in 80% of the cases and its etiology is associated with some anatomical factors proper of it. In many cases the diagnosis is easy due to obvious clinical features but, for treatment, imaging studies are always necessary. The most of the sialoliths are usually of 5 mm in maximum diameter and all the stones over 10 mm should be reported as a sialolith of unusual size. For these reason we considered useful to report our case in the managing of a stone 13 mm placed in the submandibular gland context and its treatment by surgical resection of the entire gland.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant mesenteric fibromatosis.

Mesenteric fibromatosis is a proliferative fibroblastic neoplasia of the small intestine mesentery which may occur as a unique or multiple formation. Mesenteric fibromatosis represents the 8% of all desmoid neoplasm. Giant mesenteric fibromatosis is uncommon by itself (2-4 case/milion/year). Since the rarity of this tumor and the difficulties in diagnostic and therapeutic ambit, we believe it justified to describe a case of giant mesenteric fibromatosis which came to our observation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rectal bleeding by Dieulafoy-like lesion: successful endoscopic treatment.

A 81-year old woman affected by chronic renal failure, non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDM) and hypertension, had an severe anemia massive hematochezia. The colonoscopy could not localize the bleeding site except some blood spots in the rectum. The patient was readmitted after 1 month with hypovolemic shock by massive hematochezia and required several blood transfusions. The endoscopic examination showed an important arterial bleeding treated successfully with epinephrine and bipolar elettro-coagulation (BICAP). We suggested that the patient presented a Dieulafoy-like lesion; this is an uncommon gastrointestinal cause of bleeding due to a defect of a submucosal artery without evidence of atherosclerosis or vasculitis. Both chronic renal failure and age could be considered as predisponent factors in this patient. Hematochezia is the most important sign and is often complicated by haemorrhagic shock. The diagnosis was delayed due to the difficulty in localizing the bleeding site; moreover, the patient needed several blood transfusions. The arteriographic diagnosis associated to endoscopic treatment by epinephrine and BICAP enabled a successful therapy.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Substernal goiters.

BACKGROUND: Substernal goiter, also said cervico-mediastinic goiter, is a thyroid formation with cervical departure that goes beyond, with stretched neck, the superior thoracic strait for at least 3 cm and that preserves, generally, the parenchimal or fibrous connections between the cervical and thoracic portion, maintaining a direct vascularization supplied by the thyroid arteries. The prevalence of this pathology is very variable and fluctuates between 1.7% and 30% of all thyroid damages. The actual classification is provided by the radiologic examination of the chest and, above all, by the new techniques of imaging. METHODS: In the period between January 1998 and December 2003, 332 patients with thyroid pathology have been treated surgically. Forthy-five (13.5%) of these were afflicted with a cervico-mediastinic goiter. In 32/45 (71.1%) cases a total thyroidectomy has been performed by collar carving in accordance with Kocher; in 11/45 (24.5%) cases an hemithyroidectomy has been performed by collar incision; in 2/45 (4.4%) cases, already submitted to surgical intervention of isthmus-lobectomy a totalization has been performed. RESULTS: The surgical technique foresees always an anterior collar neck incision. This way of access is to prefer in the substernal goiters, both for the presence of a cervical vascularization easy to control and for the possibility, nearly always realizable, to dislocate the goiter by that way. As for what concerns the results of the histological examination, in 2/45 (4.5%) cases it has been set a diagnosis of follicular carcinoma (one of them surely invading and the other, leastly invading), in 3/45 (6.6%) cases papillary carcinoma, in 4/45 (8.8%) cases colloido-cystic goiter, in 33/45 (73.5%) cases micro-macrofollicular hyperplasia (in one of which contemporarily compromise from lymphoma of Hodgkin); in 3/45 (6.6%) cases of adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid. DISCUSSION: The surgical approach has been in all cases the collar neck incision in accordance to Kocher, and it has never been necessary to associate a sternotomy or thoracotomy. After the intervention, in all the patients the symptomatology tied to the mediastinal compression has disappeared. The goiter showed signs of neoplastic degeneration in 11.1% of the cases, with prevalence of the papillary carcinoma in the 6.6% and, in the remaining 4.5%, of follicular carcinoma. These data are superimposable to the data gathered in other surveys. All the patients passed the post-operating hospitalization in optimal conditions and have been discharged during the fourth post-operating day with the prescription of increasing levothyroxine doses according to the body weigh.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer in young women: case report and a review.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in patients under 40 years is uncommon. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program reveals that 75% of breast tumors occur in women age > 50 years, only 6.5% in women age < 40 years, and a mere 0.6% in women age < 30 years. Breast-conserving surgery with subsequent chemo-radiotherapy has become the treatment of choice in women with breast neoplasm. CASE REPORT: Two young patients, 30 and 28 years respectively, with breast cancer. One patient with an atypical medullary breast carcinoma diagnosis, pT2 pN1 bipMx, Grade 3 Stage IIB, negative for receptors, Ki 67: 47%, cERB-2 negative; the other with an intraductal breast carcinoma, pT1c pN0 pMx, Grade 2 Stage I, negative for receptors, Ki 67: 85%, cERB-2 negative, p53 negative, Bcl-2 negative. The first patient underwent right radical mastectomy sec. Madden and axillary lymphoadenectomy in October 2001, started six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the right side of the chest and on axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes area. After 2 years an ecotomography revealed small hypoechogenic nodules in the left breast. In December the patient underwent left radical mastectomy with positioning of an expander device. The histological exam revealed a not much differentiated intraductal carcinoma, pT1a N0 Mx, Stage I. After the surgical therapy, she follows another adjuvant chemotherapy. The second patient underwent left quadrantectomy with axillary limphoadenectomy in November 2004. Like the first-will follow several cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. DISCUSSION: Breast cancer in women under 40 years of age differ from breast cancer in older women in numerous clinical, pathological and biological features. The studies demonstrate that breast cancer arising in women under 40 years have a more aggressive profile than those of older patients. In both our patients family history of breast cancer was reported. That suggests a possible genetic susceptibility of these patients through BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ-line mutations. Breast conservative surgery with chemio-radiotherapy is the most commonly used treatment breast cancer, expecially in consideration of the aggressiveness of the lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The endoscopic treatment of gastric adenomas].

Endoscopic polypectomy is the treatment of choice in symptomatic polyps of the stomach. From 1974 to 1989, at the Endoscopy Division of National Cancer Institute of Milan, 37 patients underwent endoscopic polypectomy, to remove 55 gastric adenomas. Areas of malignancy were revealed in 3 patients. Two of them, not operable for advanced age and poor general conditions, are controlled endoscopically. Endoscopic polypectomy can be performed on an outpatient basis or with a short period of hospitalization. It represents the only form of therapy in not operable patients. Furthermore this method allows to prevent the malignant transformation of the adenomas, which, as reported in the literature, ranges between 3.4% to 66.5%. Our experience confirms the validity of this technique which is safe and effective.

Adenoma↗