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Biomedical subjects

G Carlsson

Publications and source records attributed to G Carlsson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The influence of hepatic artery ligation and of vasopressin on liver tumour blood flow in rats.

The blood flow in an experimental adenocarcinoma in the rat liver was determined with the 133Xe-washout technique before and after hepatic artery ligation (HAL). There was an initial reduction of the washout of 50%. This was further reduced after 1 day by 50%, which was maintained for 7 days. Seven days after HAL or sham procedures the 133Xe-washout was of similar magnitude in the liver tumours, although after the sham procedure the tumours were larger (3.4 g vs. 1.5 g). The estimated tumour blood flow was then approximately 0.04 ml x min-1 x g-1. The influence on normal liver parenchyma of HAL was a reduction at 30 minutes, which was maintained for 7 days. Postacton--a synthetic vasopressin--did not influence the 133Xe-washout in normal liver parenchyma in non-tumour, as well as in tumour-bearing animals. There was no influence of Postacton on the 133Xe-washout in the liver tumours. Thirty minutes after HAL Postacton gave a reduction of blood flow in normal liver parenchyma of tumour-bearing animals, which is thus only from the portal vein. In tumours Postacton did not significantly reduce the tumour blood flow immediately after HAL.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Pathological left-handedness revisited: dichotic listening in children with left vs right congenital hemiplegia.

Thirty-one children with right (n = 18) and left (n = 13) congenital hemiplegia were compared for incidence of hand- and foot-preference, eye-dominance, and familial sinistrality. In addition, they were tested with dichotic listening for correct reports of consonant-vowel syllables. The two groups of children were closely matched on IQ and sensory functioning. Children with mental retardation, or epileptic seizures were not included. The results showed that 89% of the left hemisphere impaired (LHI) children were left-handed, all of them preferred the left foot, and 72% were left eye-dominant. In the right hemisphere impaired (RHI) group, everyone (100%) preferred the right hand and foot, and 62% were right eye dominant. The dichotic listening results showed a significant right ear advantage (REA) in the RHI-group, and a significant left ear advantage (LEA) in the LHI-group. The results are discussed in the framework of pathological handedness and shifts in hemisphere control of language in children with early brain injury. It is argued that the homogeneous samples, except for the site of lesion, provides an interesting possibility to compare cognitive effects of left and right hemisphere impairment in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Sequential 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with advanced symptomatic gastrointestinal cancer.

50 patients with advanced symptomatic gastrointestinal cancer were treated with sequential 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin. Patients received an intravenous bolus injection of 5-FU (500 or 600 mg/m2) and leucovorin 30-40 min later, either 50 mg (41 patients) or 200 mg (9 patients). Treatment was given in repeated courses either once weekly or on 2 consecutive days every other week until progression. Toxicity was mild with the lower leucovorin dose, although grade 2 toxicity, particularly diarrhoea, occurred in 27 (66%) patients. All patients receiving the higher leucovorin dose had grade 2-4 toxicity. Toxicity was less with the lower 5-FU dose. Out of 40 patients with colorectal cancer, 34 received leucovorin 50 mg and 6 received 200 mg. Partial response occurred in 10 (29%) and 1 of these patients, respectively. This sequential 5-FU and intermediate-dose leucovorin regimen has acceptable toxicity and a definite anti-tumour activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect on liver tumor growth in rats of allopurinol and 5-fluorouracil in combination with hepatic artery ligation.

Rats with an experimental solitary liver tumor of a nitrosoguanidine-induced colonic adenocarcinoma were subjected to hepatic artery ligation (HAL) alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in three different doses, with or without the addition of allopurinol. The drugs were injected i.p. on 3 consecutive days before or after the HAL procedure. HAL alone significantly reduced the tumor growth compared with the control procedure (P less than 0.001). This observation was correlated with a significantly prolonged survival for the ligated animals (P less than 0.01). The administration of a low dose of 5-FU (15 mg/kg per day) in combination with allopurinol (100 mg/kg per day) enhanced tumor growth compared with that in animals treated with 5-FU only (P less than 0.01) or nontreated animals (P less than 0.05). A significant increase in survival was observed in animals given a high dose of 5-FU (60 mg/kg per day) after HAL compared with non-treated animals (P less than 0.001) as well as animals subjected to HAL alone (P less than 0.02). All animals receiving more than 15 mg/kg per day 5-FU before HAL succumbed within 10 days. The addition of allopurinol did not protect the animals against this mortality. These observations indicate that the effect of HAL followed by 5-FU is dose-dependent and that, at least in this treatment modality, allopurinol does not modulate the toxicity of 5-FU.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1988

Endoscopic surveillance of patients following a curative resection for colorectal cancer.

From 1974 to 1985, 161 patients were followed by at least one colonoscopy following a polypectomy for an adenomatous polyp. These patients had had a previous curative resection performed for colorectal carcinoma. The median follow-up time after surgery was 54 months. A polyp within 65 cm from the anal verge or from a permanent colostomy was considered detectable by the flexible sigmoidoscope. Seventy-one patients (44%) were found to have adenomatous polyp(s) within 65 cm during the follow-up period. This incidence was influenced by the type of colorectal resection performed. In 36 of 41 patients (88%) undergoing a right hemicolectomy, the adenomatous polyp(s) was found within 65 cm from the anal verge. This was an incidence statistically and significantly higher than the incidence in patients undergoing other types of surgical resections. There were no differences in age, sex, or Dukes' stages according to the type of surgical resection performed. In summary, the present study demonstrates that there is a role for postoperative surveillance by the 65 cm flexible sigmoidoscope. This surveillance can be performed with great safety especially in patients following a right hemicolectomy; significantly more of these patients have adenomatous polyps within reach of the 65 cm flexible sigmoidoscope.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Follow-up colonoscopy in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps.

Multiple follow-up colonoscopies were performed in 44 asymptomatic patients after polypectomy of colorectal adenomatous polyps. Twenty-six patients (59%) developed new adenomatous polyps. In 81% the new polyps were located in the same segment of the colon where a previous polyp had been totally removed. Polyps removed during follow-up, compared with the initial polyps, revealed significantly more benign and smaller polyps. The number of initial polyps together with occurrence of atypia were factors determining a short time interval for developing new adenomatous polyps. The mean time for developing a 5-mm or larger polyp was significantly longer than polyps less than 5 mm in diameter.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

The value of colonoscopic surveillance after curative resection for colorectal cancer or synchronous adenomatous polyps.

Between 1975 and 1984, 270 patients underwent a potentially curative resection for colorectal carcinoma. One hundred eighty-eight patients (70%) underwent preoperative colonoscopy, of which 129 patients (69%) were followed up with at least two postoperative colonoscopies. In 91 patients (70%), preoperative colonoscopy revealed no synchronous adenomatous polyps or cancer. Synchronous adenomatous polyps were found in 35 patients (27%), and three patients (2.3%) had a synchronous invasive cancer. Nineteen (54%) of the 35 patients with synchronous adenomatous polyps developed metachronous adenomatous polyps during the follow-up period compared with 24 (26%) of 91 patients without synchronous adenomatous polyps. The median interval to the development of metachronous adenomatous polyps was 19 months, and all of these polyps were 1 cm or less in size. Patients with synchronous adenomatous polyps less than 30 cm from the primary lesion (68%) developed metachronous polyps more often than did patients whose synchronous adenomatous polyps were more than 30 cm from the primary lesion (37%). Preoperative colonoscopy is important for determining synchronous pathology and identifying patients at risk for metachronous polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Follow-up colonoscopy in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps.

Forty-four asymptomatic patients with adenomatous colorectal polyps were followed by repeated colonoscopies and subsequent removal of new polyps. The median follow-up time was 34 months (range, 4 to 131 months). Twenty-six patients (59 percent) developed new adenomatous polyps. The recurrence rate was 69 percent in patients with multiple polyps compared with 54 percent in patients with a single polyp. The location of new polyps was in the same colonic segment in 81 percent of the patients, but not at the same site in the colon where a previous polyp had been removed. The histopathology and size of new polyps compared with the initial polyps showed a significant improvement in histopathology toward more benign polyps (P less than 0.02) and smaller polyps (P less than 0.001). In patients who initially had single adenomatous polyps, new polyp(s) were diagnosed after a mean time of 23 months compared with 13.5 months in patients with two or more adenomatous polyps initially. Patients with atypia in initial polyp(s) developed new polyp(s) after a mean time of 11 months compared with 23 months in patients without atypia. The mean time from a colon with no polyps to the diagnosis of a new adenomatous polyp less than 5 mm in size was 11.5 months, which was a statistically significant shorter time than the 19.4 months observed for the development of polyps 5 mm or larger.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Unresectable and locally recurrent rectal cancer treated with radiotherapy or bilateral internal iliac artery infusion of 5-fluorouracil.

Seventy-nine patients with histopathologically verified unresectable or locally recurrent rectal cancer were nonrandomly allocated to radiotherapy or regional intra-arterial infusion of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Fifteen patients with unresectable and 32 with locally recurrent rectal cancer were subjected to radiotherapy. The absorbed dose was 30 Gy in patients with an unresectable tumor and 45 Gy in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer. Six patients with unresectable and 26 with locally recurrent rectal cancer received bilateral internal iliac artery infusion of 5-FU in a median dose of 7.5 g. There was no difference in survival between the two methods of treatment. Resection of an initially unresectable tumor could be performed in 5 of 21 patients (4 after radiotherapy and 1 after chemotherapy). All except eight patients had pelvic or perineal pain before treatment. Forty of 43 (93%) patients reported pain relief after radiotherapy and 21 of 28 (75%) after infusion therapy. Ten nonresponders were subjected to alternative treatment (three to intra-arterial infusion and seven to radiotherapy). Five of these ten patients reported complete pain relief and five partial pain relief. After radiotherapy, no significant side effects or complications were observed. The infusion chemotherapy was the cause of death in one patient. In summary, similar palliation was achieved with bilateral iliac artery 5-FU-infusion and radiotherapy. Owing to the complications registered with infusion therapy, radiotherapy must be considered the treatment of choice for these patients. Patients who do not respond to radiotherapy or suffer recurrence of pelvic and perineal pain may receive further palliation from intra-arterial infusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Transmitter-replacement therapy in Alzheimer's disease using intracerebroventricular infusions of receptor agonists.

Neurotransmitter replacement therapy in Alzheimer's Disease is currently being attempted using bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) infused intracerebroventricularly with an Infusaid continuous infusion pump. The rationale of this therapy is based on the severe cortical pre-synaptic cholinergic deficit in the presence of relatively normal post-synaptic muscarinic receptor density. Patients are selected on the basis of strict clinical criteria at a functional stage 4 or 5 of Reisberg. A cortical biopsy at the time of pump and catheter implantation confirms the diagnosis by histological and biochemical examination. Pre-operative, post-operative and serial mental status assessments combined with functional ADL assessments monitor changes in behavior. A 6 months double-blind treatment period is done in every patient, who is then free to continue if he has improved on active treatment. This specific study is part of a multi-centre trial. Other therapeutic trials using somatostatin analogs, such as Sandostatin, could then be done. The biological effects of the latter compound are being studied currently in adult Green Vervet monkeys, prior to its use in Alzheimer patients. Furthermore autoradiography of bethanechol and peptides labeled with 14C administered in these animals by intracerebroventricular infusion will allow a better knowledge of their pharmacological site of action.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1984

Influence of hepatic artery ligation on survival. An experimental study in rats.

Interruption of the arterial blood supply to the liver has been used clinically for more than 15 years in patients with nonresectable liver tumors. The induced effect of hepatic artery occlusion on blood flow and metabolism has been studied extensively, whereas survival time has hardly been examined. Evidence of prolongation of survival after hepatic artery ligation, although not properly statistically analyzed, has been found in previous series of experimental animals, but the effect has not been established clinically. In this experimental study of rats with adenocarcinoma in the liver, a statistically significant prolongation of survival time was observed for the animals subjected to hepatic artery ligation when compared with untreated control animals. A statistically significant increase in body weight developed in all ligated animals during the experimental period, whereas the untreated control animals showed a statistically significant decrease in body weight.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Oro-facio-digital syndromes I and II: radiological methods for diagnosis and the clinical variations.

In view of the different modes of inheritance and the different prognoses of the two oro-facio-digital syndromes, type 1 (OFD-I) and type 2 (OFD-II), it is important to establish a correct diagnosis in these patients. In this report two new patients with the OFD-I syndrome are presented. One of them (Case 1) had multiple congenital malformations and never made any mental contact. She died at the age of four months and autopsy of the brain revealed abnormalities typical of the syndrome, which are discussed. The other patient (Case 2) has so far had normal mental development. Although these two patients were affected to a very different degree, they both presented the clinical and radiological characteristics of the OFD-I syndrome. These two patients and previously reported cases of the OFD-I and OFD-II syndromes were compared with a patient with the OFD-II syndrome (Case 3), a patient reported earlier who is undergoing follow-up. The radiological features of the skeleton in the two syndromes are presented. The irregular mineralization of the hands and feet characteristic of OFD-I, but not of OFD-II, seems to offer a good opportunity to distinguish between these two syndromes. It is suggested that this finding is pathognomonic for the OFD-I syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Value of serum-5-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase for prediction of liver metastases preoperatively in colorectal cancer.

In 133 patients laparotomized for colorectal cancer the serum-5-nucleotidase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were analysed preoperatively. The presence of liver metastases was established at laparotomy by palpation (prevalence 19%). The serum enzyme levels were elevated in 10-18% of patients without liver metastases and in 48-64% of patients with liver metastases. A comparison of the estimated tumor volume in the liver and the serum enzyme levels was performed. The predictive values of the three tests were computed at different reference limits. It was concluded that none of the tests used had any advantage of the other. To increase the diagnostic yield another reference limit than the normal at the laboratory can be used.

5'-Nucleotidase↗