Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Cardinali.
A modified procedure is proposed for chromosomal DNA extraction based on a cell-wall lytic enzyme never applied before in pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Protoplasting efficiency is retained under very challenging conditions for enzyme activity, such as those required for non-Saccharomyces yeasts often characterized by cell walls highly resistant to lysis.
A comparative electrophoretic karyotyping study was performed with several certified authentic strains of the four species that could be distinguished by nuclear DNA (nDNA)-nDNA reassociation data within the sensu stricto group of the genus Saccharomyces. A multivariate analysis of the polymorphisms observed in pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles (numbers and molecular weights of separated units) revealed that the strains could be separated into four clusters that corresponded to the taxa that were distinguished on the basis of nDNA comparisons. Discrepancies between nDNA reassociation data and membership in the corresponding clusters were observed only with two strains of Saccharomyces paradoxus. Blind tests carried out with additional industrial strains confirmed the general validity of the statistical model created for comparison of karyotypes within the species included in Saccharomyces sensu stricto.
The electrophoretic karyotypes of strains of the ten species of the yeast genus Saccharomyces (sensu Vaughan-Martini & Martini 1992) were determined by the CHEF (contour-clamped homogeneous electric field) system of pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The number of bands was found to vary from 6 to 17 and the calculated molecular weights of haploid genomes ranged from 7.9 to 14.6 Mbp. The type strains of S. exiguus and the four species of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex (S. bayanus, S. cerevisiae, S. paradoxus and S. pastorianus) have genomes comprised of chromosomes of all three size classes: light (< 500 kb), medium (500-1000 kb) and heavy (> 1,000 kb). Saccharomyces kluyveri DNA has only heavy bands, while the remaining species exhibit medium and heavy chromosomes. When more than one strain of each species was examined, it was seen that while the species S. bayanus, S. castellii, S. cerevisiae, S. kluyveri, S. paradoxus and S. pastorianus showed uniform karyotypes, S. dairensis, S. exiguus, S. servazzii and S. unisporus comprise heterogeneous taxa.
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The bacterial flora of the skin from different anatomical sites on cancer patients and a control group of medical personnel was examined. This was done to ascertain if antineoplastic therapy was able to change the pattern of microbial flora of patients and to provide a control for possible infectious complications. The results show that in the control group bacterial flora was normal and the antineoplastic treatment did not succeed in changing the bacterial pattern in the skin of patients deeply. Gram negative bacteria were isolated more frequently from the skin of leukemia patients than from either patients with malignant melanoma or other neoplastic diseases.
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Sera from 1,279 patients with various diseases were examined for the presence of antibodies to BK virus (BKV) capsid antigens. The percentage of positive sera was comparable in all the diseases except rheumatoid arthritis and chronic nephropathies, where a slightly higher prevalence was found. Sera from 952 patients with tumors were examined for the presence of antibodies to BKV tumor and capsid antigens in comparison with a matched control group of 501 blood donors. Sera from 11 tumor patients (1.15%) and from 4 normal controls (0.80%) had antibodies to BKV tumor antigen. No higher prevalence of antibodies to BKV capsid antigens was found in any cancer type except in carcinomas of the urinary bladder, where the percentage of positive sera and of sera with high titers was higher than in other groups. BKV infection is discussed in relation to its possible connection with human non-neoplastic diseases as well as with human tumors and to its activation under conditions of immunosuppressive therapy.
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