Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Capodicasa

Publications and source records attributed to G Capodicasa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Thyroid status and nephron loss--a study in patients with chronic renal failure, end stage renal disease and/or on hemodialysis.

Thyroid function was measured in 30 healthy subjects and 84 patients with various degrees of nephron loss (GRF: 70 +/- 15 m/min, 30 +/- 16 ml/min, 10 +/- 7 ml/min and 2.1 +/- 1.3 ml/min). A low T3 and T4 syndrome is evident when GRF is reduced to 30 +/- 16 ml/min while a blunted TSH response is detected earlier in the course of nephron loss. T3 response to TRH was normal and FT4 was not affected by renal dysfunction. The data indicate that in nephron loss hypothalamic-pituitary abnormalities occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Plasmatic TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels during charcoal hemoperfusion in chronic renal failure patients.

6 patients with end-stage renal disease underwent hemoperfusion with charcoal columns, for 60 min. Blood samples anticoagulated with 2% EDTA/aspirin solution were obtained from arteriovenous fistulas in the basal condition, 5 min after a bolus injection of heparin (7,500 U), at the end of hemoperfusion, and 30 min after. The study was repeated few days later, in the same patients, two hours after 100 mg aspirin by mouth. TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha were assayed with RIA in unextracted (U) and extracted (E) and chromatographed platelet poor plasma (PPP). Platelet counts before and after hemoperfusion were also performed. Low levels of the two prostaglandins were found in plasma; this could be related to the procedures for collection and processing of plasma samples; no significant differences were observed between extracted and unextracted samples: there were slightly higher levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in unextracted samples. After charcoal hemoperfusion there was only a slight and not significant increase of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha; low dose aspirin did not modify significantly plasma levels of the two prostaglandins before hemoperfusion but it reduced TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels after charcoal hemoperfusion. The platelet count fell (-22%) after charcoal hemoperfusion with heparin alone and in similar manner after low-dose aspirin pretreatment (-24%, 7%).

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1983

Platelet thromboxane formation and BTG levels after intensive charcoal HP in uremics or regular hemodialytic treatment (RHT).

Vascular tissues from uremic patients show increased prostaglandin synthesizing capacity while uremic platelets have decreased thromboxane synthesis. It has been suggested that the platelet defects in uremia are partially corrected by hemodialysis and a correlation with the levels of guanidinsuccinic acid, phenolic acid, creatinine or urea has been demonstrated. In our study 6 patients with end-stage renal disease on RHT, underwent, daily and for ten days, two-hours hemoperfusion, in order to obtain lower levels of toxic metabolites such as creatinine (less than 6 mg/dl.). Before and after this intensive treatment we have evaluated BTG plasmatic levels and thromboxane formation by platelets after thrombin and arachidonic acid stimulation. The thromboxane formation was not increased following this treatment, whereas BTG plasmatic levels were significantly diminished.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Clinical effectiveness of apheresis in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis.

Scleroderma is a chronic disease of unknown origin characterized by diffuse sclerosis of the connective tissue of the integument and other organs. As in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis and dermatomyositis, a variety of antibodies may be found in the serum, suggesting that immune mechanisms may be involved. In two uremic patients with scleroderma, the effects were studied of the removal, by pheresis, of antinuclear antibodies, immune complexes, and immunoglobulin factors perpetuating the inflammatory response. We used a membrane plasmapheresis with a hollow-fiber type plasmafilter (Plasmaflo, Asahi) connected online with a hemofilter for conventional dialysis. The aim of this preliminary study was to induce a remission of the edematous inflammatory phase. The correlation of a improvement in clinical response and a decrease in the levels of immune complexes or other factors of inflammation was observed. In our view membrane-plasmapheresis is a process safely carried out by the hemodialysis staff and it may be of clinical effectiveness, especially, in patients with life-threatening complications of progressive systemic sclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

CAPD + hemoperfusion once a week in the management of children with end-stage renal disease.

With hemoperfusion there is a sharp decline in the solute concentration of the blood compartment, but immediately after HP the concentration of these substances rises to the original level (post-Hp rebound). It may be inferred that the result would be better and the rebound phenomenon less marked if hemoperfusion could be combined with a continuous dialysis system such as CAPD. The study was performed in 3 children of our CAPD program. All patients were dialysed with 5 daily exchange each of one liter. The patients underwent at 2-hours hemoperfusion with a charcoal column (Gambro Adsorba 150 c) once a week. The data obtained with this form of treatment are indicative for a: significant increase of weekly clearance for uric acid and creatinine. low urea generation rate far 1-3 days after HP. low post-Hp rebound and reduced platelet count but not platelet activation.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Metabolic aspects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis with reference to energy-protein input and growth.

Glucose utilization from the dialysate of up to 140 g/day was found during CAPD therapy in 5 children on short and long term studies. The energy input via the dialysate was associated with increased insulin secretion as indicated by the daily insulin response calculated from analyzing the area under the insulin curve during 5 daily exchanges of dialysate. After 6 months glucose tolerance was normal with normal values for early and late insulin response as well as for glucose disappearance rate during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Nitrogen balance on free diets (energy input 100% RDA and protein input 133% RDA) showed that CAPD is an anabolic technique since the balance was positive when measured during 42 days out of 12 months in each child. Growth was normal in one boy and in addition a girl reached her final height; it was unsatisfactory in the other children. It is concluded that CAPD is an anabolic technique which favourably affects many factors associated with growth retardation in children with end stage renal failure and therefore it represents an interesting tool for defining a more rationale approach for research in this field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Development of means to augment peritoneal urea clearances: the synergistic effects of combining high dialysate temperature and high dialysate flow rates with dextrose and nitroprusside.

By combining: a) nitroprusside (4.5 mg/L); b) dextrose concentration of 42.5 gm/L; c) dialysate temperature of 42 degrees C and d) dialysate flow rates of 3.5 L/hour in seven uremic subjects on CAPD, it was possible to increase peritoneal urea clearance up to 35.6 +/- 3.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 (range 30.3 to 42.2). This effect in six out of seven cases was associated with a fall in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. This study is the first which deals with a combination of these factors and demonstrates that this approach is easy to handle, does not require the use of mechanical devices, and is available at any bedside.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Kinetics of amino acids equilibration in the dialysate during CAPD.

The equilibrium between plasma and peritoneal dialysis fluid has been studies for 23 amino acids during peritoneal exchanges at dwell times up to 8 hours in patients on CAPD. It is demonstrated that equilibration is a particular process typical for each amino acid which after 8 hour is nearly complete only for Glycine, Alanine and Asparagine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Studies on amino acids in diabetic patients undergoing CAPD.

Studies in patients with uremia due to diabetes mellitus treated with CAPD show that the kinetics of amino acid equilibration between dialysate and plasma behave differently from those in patients with uremia of different etiology. Diabetics also have larger amino acid losses in dialysate.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Amino acid losses during CAPD in children.

Plasma aminograms and daily amino acid losses in the dialysate were studied in 5 uremic children undergoing CAPD for 6-8 months. Amino acid losses averaged 10,000 muM/day, 25% of which under the form of essential amino acids. CAPD therapy did not correct the uremic profile of plasma amino acid concentrations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Artificial gut for total parenteral nutrition through the peritoneal cavity.

Total parenteral nutrition was attempted by using the peritoneal route. In this way it was possible to convey to the patients all elemental nutrients used in hyperalimentation. Three patients were studied while treated for an episode of catabolic stress in the course of acute or chronic uremia. Adequacy of treatment was controlled by measuring urea generation rates, plasma concentrations of 3-methyl-histidine, glucose disappearance from dialysate and kinetics of lipid particles removal from plasma. The data collected demonstrate that peritoneal hyperalimentation is is feasible for adequate for clinical purposes.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1980

Amino acid losses during CAPD.

Amino acid losses in peritoneal dialyzate during CAPD were less than 2 g a day (15, 128 micrometers). CAPD does not correct the tyrosine/phenylalanine ratio in plasma and does not prevent accumulation of 3-methylhistidine.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Protein requirement of patients on CAPD: a study on nitrogen balance.

Nitrogen balance studies were performed in 8 patients undergoing CAPD. Patients were studied in a metabolic ward for 14 days while eating a diet providing 1.2 g/kg B.W. of proteins and supplying 166-188 KG/Kg. From these studies it is concluded that 1.2 g/Kg are a safe intake for patients on CAPD. Nevertheless it is strongly suggested that patients on CAPD should undergo a nitrogen balance study in order to ascertain whether such a diet is safe or should be modified for energy and/or protein supply.

Adult↗