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Biomedical subjects

G Capasso

Publications and source records attributed to G Capasso.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Histochemistry of the triceps surae muscle in idiopathic congenital clubfoot.

The histochemical composition of the triceps surae muscle was investigated in 13 previously unoperated children (age 9-24 months) with unilateral idiopathic clubfoot. On both the normal and the affected side, the percentage of type I fibers was significantly higher than that of the other fiber types. The muscle biopsies from the clubfoot side showed an increase in their connective tissue content. The affected side showed a nonsignificant higher percentage of type I fibers, whereas the average capillary density and capillary to fiber ratio were significantly lower.

Clubfoot↗
PubMed1992

Five years' experience of the Italian Registry of Pediatric Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis.

The results of the first 5 years' experience of the Italian Registry of Pediatric Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis (CPD) (1986-1990) are presented. Patients of less than 15 years of age at start of dialysis were enrolled and clinical data collected until the age of 19. The number of the dialysis centres participating in the Registry increased from 7 in 1986 to 15 in 1990. The total number of patients on CPD was 119, the number of new patients per year ranged from 15 to 28 and the percentage of all dialysed children treated with CPD increased from 40% in 1986 to 49% in 1990. The age of patients at start of CPD was 8.5 +/- 4.9 years and 16% of them were under 2 years. Only CAPD was utilized in 1986, while CCPD/NPD accounted for 53% and 65% of the treated patients in 1989 and 1990, respectively. At 4 years, patient survival was 91.3% and technique survival 79.3%. A comparison between data of 48 patients on CPD and 34 on hemodialysis, who started dialysis in the period 1989-1990, showed that CPD was the most frequent form of initial therapy (56%) and was the treatment of choice for children younger than 4 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Dorsolumbar spine duplication.

We report a case of dorsolumbar spine duplication in a female patient. She had several vertebral anomalies, such as fused vertebrae, hemivertebrae and butterfly vertebrae, together with duplication of the spinal column in the lower thoracic and the whole lumbar tract. Clinically, she had no control of the sphincters, but her gait was only slightly affected. This is probably the third reported case of this rare anomaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Age-related changes of urinary urea. Epidemiological study in children from southern Italy living in Cimitile.

Urinary urea was measured, under normal living conditions, in children aged 3-16 years, from Cimitile, a small town near Naples in Southern Italy. Urinary urea correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index and body surface area, and was independent from sex. Urinary urea also correlated with urinary creatinine, uric acid, oxalate, sodium and phosphate. Protein intake assessed from urea excretion was 2.66 +/- 0.66 g/kg at 3 years of age and 1.49 +/- 0.31 g/kg at 16 years, and exceeded Italian standards for recommended intake. Also, the height and weight of the children living in Cimitile, with few exceptions, were in excess of national reference standards.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The validity and reliability of measurements in spinal deformities: a critical appraisal.

Quantitative measurement of spinal deformity is the preliminary step in order to plan a therapeutic regimen. The most commonly used methods and, for this matter, practically any measurement methods, may have several sources of errors, namely: a. errors in taking a radiograph; b. errors intrinsic to the measurement method; c. errors due to anatomical deformity of the vertebrae; d. observer errors in measurement technique. These are discussed, and suggestions are given to minimize them.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1992

Inter- and intratester reliability of radiographic measurements of spondylolisthesis.

Thirteen radiographic methods to measure spondylolisthesis were assessed to determine: 1. whether or not the different methods were correlated with each other; 2. their precision in detecting vertebral displacements; 3. inter- and intra-measurer reliability among six orthopedic surgeons performing radiographic measurements. Several methods were found to be correlated with each other in detecting spondylolisthesis on radiographs. However, on simulated displacements only three of them showed good correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.95, p less than 0.01). Intra- and intergroup correlations among the orthopedic surgeons were equally good (r greater than 0.90; p less than 0.01).

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Glove perforation in hand surgery.

A survey of glove perforation in 100 consecutive hand surgery operations was undertaken. A total of 397 pairs of gloves were tested for punctures after the operation. Evidence of perforation was found in 19% of the gloves used, and only in 12 cases did the surgeons actually realize that a perforation had occurred. With a perforation rate of 43%, the surgeons were significantly more at risk of glove perforation than the other members of the operating team.

Gloves, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

Predicted creatinine clearance to assess glomerular filtration rate in chronic renal disease in humans.

The work was designed to assess the suitability of both measured endogenous creatinine clearance (CCR) and predicted creatinine clearance (P-CCR) to evaluate GFR in chronic renal disease (CRD) by utilizing the renal clearance of inulin (CIN) as gold standard. A total of 124 subjects were studied (62 healthy, 62 with CRF). CCR significantly overestimated GFR in healthy subjects as well as in CRF, whereas P-CCR was identical to GFR. The CCR/CIN ratio which calculates the fractional creatinine clearance and provides a rough estimation of the contribution of creatinine secretion in explaining the differences between CCR and GFR was increased in CRD and especially in CRD of glomerular origin. The ration P-CCR/CIN was significantly lower than CCR/CIN in healthy subjects and in patients with CRD of glomerular origin. The data are against the use of CCR in assessing GFR in healthy subjects and in patients with CRD.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1991

Tubular function by lithium clearance, plasma amino acids and hormones following a meat meal in childhood.

Tubular function was measured by lithium clearance (CLi) and by its derived formulae before and after the transient increase (lasting 90 min) in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) following a meat meal (2g protein/kg body weight) in 12 normal children. Three baseline and 4 clearances after the meal were obtained, each lasting 30 min. The mean baseline CLi was 23.1 +/- 1.64 ml/min/1.73 m2. At peak GFR response (60 min from starting the meal), CLi averaged 27.6 +/- 2.4 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p less than 0.025 vs. baseline) and it was further increased (32.2 +/- 5.04 ml/min/1.73 m2, p less than 0.01 vs. baseline) 120 min after starting the meal, while GFR returned to baseline values. Fractional lithium excretion averaged 0.23 +/- 0.04 at baseline and increased continuously after the meat meal and, at completion of the study, it averaged 0.38 +/- 0.07 (p less than 0.025 vs. baseline). The distal absolute and fractional sodium reabsorption increased throughout the studies following the meal and peaked at 120 min. The functional changes were associated with a statistically significant increase in the plasma concentration of insulin, glucagon, and total amino acids after the meal. The latter at the end of the study was almost doubled (5,600 +/- 780 versus 3,200 microM at baseline, p less than 0.01). The data indicate that the tubulo glomerular feedback mechanism operates normally after a meat meal. The finding on increased distal sodium reabsorption might point to the existence of an insulin-dependent mechanism.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1991

Bicarbonate transport along the loop of Henle. I. Microperfusion studies of load and inhibitor sensitivity.

We microperfused the loop of Henle (LOH) to assess its contribution to urine acidification in vivo. Under control conditions (Na HCO3- = 13 mM, perfusion rate approximately 17 nl/min-1) net bicarbonate transport (JHCO3-) was unsaturated, flow- and concentration-dependent, and increased linearly until a bicarbonate load of 1,400 pmol.min-1 was reached. Methazolamide (2 x 10(-4) M) reduced JHCO3 by 70%; the amiloride analogue ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) (2 x 10(-4) M) reduced JHCO3 by 40%; neither methazolamide nor EIPA affected net water flux (Jv). The H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (10(-5) M) reduced JHCO3 by 20%; the Cl- channel inhibitor 5-nitro-2'-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate (2 x 10(-4) M) and the Cl(-)-base exchange inhibitor diisothiocyanato-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonate (5 x 10(-5) M), had no effect on fractional bicarbonate reabsorption. Bumetanide (10(-6) M) stimulated bicarbonate transport (net and fractional JHCO3-) by 20%, whereas furosemide (10(-4) M) had no effect on bicarbonate reabsorption; both diuretics reduced Jv. In summary: (a) the LOH contributes significantly to urine acidification. It normally reabsorbs an amount equivalent to 15% of filtered bicarbonate; (b) bicarbonate reabsorption is not saturated; (c) Na(+)-H+ exchange and an ATP-dependent proton pump are largely responsible for the bulk of LOH bicarbonate transport.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Glove perforation in foot surgery.

A total of 391 pairs of gloves were tested for punctures after 100 consecutive foot surgery operations to assess the rate, site, procedure, and maneuver during which glove puncture accidents took place. Evidence of perforation was found in 23% of the gloves used. The surgeons are significantly more at risk of glove perforation than the other members of the operating team.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1991

Spinal anaesthesia for day case surgery in sportspersons and sedentary patients.

The effects of spinal anaesthesia were investigated in 67 sportspersons and in 128 sedentary patients (average age 31.8 +/- 6.2 yrs). The most frequent complaint in both groups was mild low back pain (27 cases vs. 58). Postspinal headache was severe and disabling, with an incidence of 13.4% in the sportspersons and 21.1% in the sedentary group. The sedentary group also showed a higher incidence of other postanaesthetic problems. Given the high rate of side effects, the young age of the subjects, and their desire to resume work as soon as possible after the operation, spinal anaesthesia is not the best anaesthetic procedure for this age group.

Absenteeism↗