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Biomedical subjects

G C Fraser

Publications and source records attributed to G C Fraser.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Coagulopathy associated with large sacrococcygeal teratomas.

Twelve neonates with sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) have been treated at British Columbia Children's Hospital over the past 5 years. Clinically significant coagulopathy developed in four of these neonates and two died, one before surgical intervention could be undertaken. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was found in one patient and thrombocytopenia in another on preoperative laboratory studies. Etiology of the coagulopathy is unclear, but appears to be multifactorial. Although several clinical reviews have noted mortalities due to exsanguinating hemorrhage, no study has focused solely on this issue. The diagnosis of SCT in the neonate at high risk for development of coagulopathy is usually made prenatally. Premature labor is often precipitated by associated polyhydramnios and large tumor size. Fetal distress, prematurity, and low birth weight are common. Presence of placentamegaly, hydrops fetalis, and congestive heart failure are ominous prognostic signs. Early identification of patients at increased risk for development of hemorrhagic complications may allow optimization of their management. Cesarean section should minimize trauma to the SCT during delivery. Expeditious resection of the lesion may improve survival.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1992

The treatment of simultaneous choriocarcinoma in mother and baby.

Simultaneous occurrence of choriocarcinoma in mother and child is rare. Such a case is described in which a massive intrahepatic tumor in the infant led to its treatment and that of the mother who showed evidence of the same tumor. Both are alive and well 1 year after treatment, the longest recorded infant survival.

Angiography↗
PubMed1992

Rhabdomyosarcoma arising within congenital pulmonary cysts: report of three cases.

Over the past 9 months, three cases of primary pulmonary rhabdomyosarcoma have been treated at British Columbia Children's Hospital. Two patients (aged 24 and 37 months) presented with spontaneous pneumothoraces and had cystic changes in the affected lung on chest radiograph. The third patient (aged 42 months) was evaluated for chronic cough, fever, and failure to thrive. Chest x-ray showed a large mass in the left lower lobe as well as mediastinal adenopathy. All three of these lesions originated within congenital lung cysts, one a peripheral bronchogenic cyst and the others cystic adenomatoid malformations. This report suggests that there is a significant risk for the development of rhabdomyosarcoma within malformed pulmonary tissue.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1992

Production responses to internal parasite control in dairy cattle.

A significant increase in milk production, averaging 164 litres per cow per lactation (a 4.8% increase), was seen after cows infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, paramphistomes and Fasciola hepatica were treated with broad-spectrum anthelmintics. Three hundred and ninety pairs of cows from eight herds with year-round calving were studied. One cow in each matched pair was given 7.5 mg/kg fenbendazole, 7.5 mg/kg levamisole hydrochloride and 15 mg/kg oxyclozanide in March, May and August of one year; the other cow in the pair received no anthelmintic. The number of nematode and trematode eggs was significantly decreased in the faeces of treated cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Enterocolitis in cattle associated with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection.

A syndrome in cattle of diarrhoea and death associated with enteric Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection is described. Outbreaks occurred during winter and early spring in adult cattle grazing pastures waterlogged by recent flooding or persistent heavy rain. Antibiotic therapy was effective early in the course of the syndrome. At necropsy there was severe acute enterocolitis, and bacteria consistent with Y. pseudotuberculosis were observed in the lesions. This organism could usually be isolated from the intestines of affected animals but was recovered less often from other organs. Representative isolates were identified as Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III. The association of this syndrome with waterlogged pastures and low temperatures suggests that these conditions favour transmission of Y. pseudotuberculosis infection in cattle. The role of Y. pseudotuberculosis as primary pathogen requires confirmation.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1987

Fundoplication and pediatric esophageal manometry: actuarial analysis over 7 years.

Sixty-one children and infants who had significant gastroesophageal reflux and associated complications underwent 73 surgical procedures to control the reflux. In order to evaluate the procedure, several esophageal manograms were obtained from each patient, before, during, and after the operation. Delayed follow-up reports were also obtained from follow-up visits, letter and telephone contact, in order to assess how the patient had progressed. The results were evaluated by actuarial analytic methods. Ninety-four percent of the patients remained alive over the 7-year follow-up period. At the completion of the seventh year, 62% of these patients (actuarially calculated) remained event free. All events occurred within 18 months of surgery. One patient could not be traced at long-term follow-up, which was therefore 92% complete. The 7-year actuarial probability of failure of the fundoplication at this institution is 24% when performed using this technique in these patients. These findings support that manometric calibration of the antireflux procedure tends to give uniform results in pediatric patients, but, compared with other published series has not proved to be superior to procedures that employ only a rubber bougie in the esophagus as an obdurator to prevent a repair that will be too tight.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1987

The emerging pattern of pediatric day-care surgery.

The utilization of short stay surgical facilities is increasing and indications for day-care surgery for children are becoming more diverse. These trends were observed in a review of day-care surgery performed at British Columbia Children's Hospital during the years 1982 to 1986. During 1984 and 1985, 688 hernia repairs were undertaken, as were 76 anorectal procedures such as anal fistulotomy, drainage of abscesses, etc. In addition, 127 orchidopexies were performed, which indicated a 40% increase when compared with earlier years. Further procedures included the excision of 38 branchial cleft anomalies and 17 salivary gland lesions, as well as the performance of 95 tracheobronchial endoscopies including the removal of 25 foreign bodies. Head and neck and endoscopic procedures now represent 21% of all general surgery day care cases, and have increased by 50% since 1982. Thirty-six children (1.6%) initially brought in for day care surgery required actual admission to the hospital for such reasons as (1) the procedure being more complex than initially anticipated (15 patients); (2) hemorrhage (5 patients); or (3) postanesthetic concern (11 patients). Two thirds of the anesthetic complications were in infants less than 3 months of age. A special subgroup of high-risk infants were identified--the previous premature less than 52 weeks conceptual age. In our opinion, infants who are less than 3 months of age, especially if born prematurely, should be admitted to the hospital for surgery.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1986

Perianal rhabdomyosarcoma: report of a case in an infant.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common childhood sarcoma, whereas, primary pararectal rhabdomyosarcoma is very rare. To date, four pediatric and eight adult cases have been reported. In children, the tumor presents as a perianal polypoid mass, often initially misdiagnosed. Formerly a very lethal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma is now treated with combined surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with encouraging results.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

Sudden cerebral death in malignant presacral teratoma.

A three-year-old girl with disseminated malignant teratoma was treated by palliative radiotherapy to her pulmonary metastases. She developed seizure followed by absence of cerebral function and death ensued in 36 hours. Computerized scan of brain was negative prior to death. The main finding at autopsy was occlusion of the carotid and cerebral arteries by necrotic tumour. Widespread cerebral tumour embolization may be an unusual terminal event in cancer patients with pulmonary metastases.

Brain Death↗
PubMed1985

The occurrence of the snail Lymnaea columella on grazing areas in New South Wales and studies on its susceptibility to Fasciola hepatica.

Field surveys were carried out in the Lismore and Casino area for the presence of fresh water snails potentially responsible for the transmission of trematodes in ruminants. Although the North American snail, Lymnaea columella has previously only been reported from metropolitan areas, large populations of the snail were found east of Lismore. Natural infection with F. hepatica was detected in some of the snails and laboratory studies showed that this snail species was highly susceptible to infection with miracidia of F. hepatica and produced viable metacercariae. Three species of planorbid snails, Helicorbis australiensis, Pygmanisus pelorius and Gyraulus gilberti were also found. The first 2 planorbid species were infected with paramphistomid cercariae.

Animals↗