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Biomedical subjects

G C Faure

Publications and source records attributed to G C Faure.

108 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Nonresident macrophages are absent from glomeruli in IgA nephropathy.

The presence of nonresident cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage was investigated in 50 renal biopsies, including 20 from patients suffering from IgA nephropathy. Histochemical and immunological techniques were used to identify, respectively, nonspecific esterase and peroxidase activities and HLA class II molecules. Although intraglomerular phagocytes were observed in all control biopsies, small numbers were seen in only two samples from patients with IgA nephropathy. This feature is consistent with an impaired clearance of immune complexes, possibly leading to their deposition in the mesangium.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1988

LFA1 expression in HIV infection.

The expression of the adhesion molecule LFA1 was investigated in mononuclear cells from 200 samples of peripheral blood obtained from asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals and AIDS patients. The numbers and percentages of LFAI-positive cells were established by indirect immunofluorescence. A significant decrease in the number of labelled cells was observed (mean percentage 68.9) while 100% of the cells were positive in controls. These data suggest that LFA1-mediated cell-cell cooperation might be impaired in HIV infection, adding to the immune deficiency related to the disappearance of CD4+ cells.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Immunogenicity of injectable collagen implants.

The presence of antibodies to bovine and human collagens used in injectable collagen implants (ICI) was investigated in 103 normal sera. Significant levels of spontaneous nonprecipitin antibodies were observed, suggesting that immunization to ICI compounds may preexist even in the absence of connective tissue disease.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1987

Expression of CD 25 (Tac antigen) in lymphoid leukemias and non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

A monoclonal antibody to IL2 receptor Tac/CD 25 antigen was included in the phenotyping panel of 92 leukemic proliferations. Spontaneous expression of this molecule was observed in one disorder of T-phenotype only, but in 75% of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and on cells from B-cell leukemic lymphomas. These findings provide further evidence for a non-T-cell restriction of IL2 receptor and raise the question of multiple gene derepression in hematologic disorders of B-lineage.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets in the follow-up of psoriasis patients under PUVA therapy.

Peripheral lymphocyte subsets were analyzed before and after treatment in 22 patients with psoriasis. All patients had PUVA therapy for at least 1 month. Eight of them were assessed after 1 and 2 months of therapy. Abnormal partitions of T-cell subsets were observed in 10 patients before treatment. Positive dermatological results were concomitant with a significant decrease of the CD8 subset. Variations of the Leu7+ subset were observed as well. These data support current theories on the effect of UV light on the immune system and provide a possible useful way to monitor psoriatic patients receiving PUVA therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mouse lung immune response after acute exposure to flour dust.

To approach the physiopathology of the mucosal immune response in flour-mill and bakery workers, the authors developed a mouse model, which allowed them to study immune responses induced in the deep lung by acute inhalation of flour dust. In situ quantification of T lymphocytes (Thy1-2) and T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8), macrophages, B lymphocytes, and immunoglobulin A plasma cells in the lungs of all animals revealed significant modifications of these cell compartments as early as 3 d after exposure; within 10 d of exposure, levels returned to baseline. The data suggest that the lung could be a sensitive target for inhaled xenobiotics, which might generate rapid immune local modifications that result in the maintenance of homeostasis.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autoimmunity and antigenic targets in ovarian pathology.

The involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in premature ovarian failure has been put forward by numerous investigators. In various other ovarian pathologies, such as idiopathic infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, or endometriosis, similar mechanisms have been suggested. However, the exact role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of these diseases still remains controversial. The diagnosis of autoimmune ovarian disease relies on several clinical, biological and histological findings, but special interest has been focused on antiovarian autoantibodies. The search for these antibodies has been undertaken by several authors and yielded somewhat conflicting results which might be conditioned by methodological differences and by the multiplicity of potential immune targets. These targets, which comprise various steroidogenic enzymes, gonadotrophins and their receptors, the corpus luteum, zona pellucida and oocyte, are reviewed. Further investigation of these targets is required to improve the diagnostic tools that will lead to a precocious and reliable diagnosis of autoimmune ovarian disease, an appropriate clinical surveillance as well as the selection of patients who may benefit from immune-modulating therapy and possibly recover ovarian function and fertility.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Back-pack mice as a model of renal mesangial IgA dimers deposition.

Mesangial IgA in IgA nephropathy are dimers with a J chain but no poly-Ig receptor. This molecular structure has led to the hypothesis that these IgA are issued from the lamina propria of mucosal areas, reaching the kidney by way of the peripheral blood. The availability of hybridomas producing IgA dimers provided an opportunity to test this hypothesis in a new experimental model of IgA nephropathy. Mice were injected subcutaneously (back-pack mice) or intraperitoneally with hybridoma cells secreting either monoclonal IgA dimers, or monoclonal IgA monomers. The influence of immune complex formation was also tested in both these models. Renal IgA deposition was investigated 12 days after the injection of hybridoma cells. Backpack mice developed highly vascularized subcutaneous tumors. Mesangial IgA deposits were observed only in dimeric IgA hybridoma back-pack animals. No significant staining was observed in glomeruli from animals injected with hybridoma cells producing monomeric IgA. None of the hybridomas induced mesangial deposition when injected intraperitoneally. This animal model demonstrates the capacity of circulating IgA dimers to spontaneously form mesangial deposits and contributes to confirm the involvement of abnormalities of mucosal immunity in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lectin-binding sites on human sperm during acrosome reaction: modifications judged by electron microscopy/flow cytometry.

Biochemical surface modifications occur during the capacitation and acrosome reaction of human sperm and among those, variations in the expression of carbohydrates moieties. A sequential study was performed with electronic microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, where the binding of 4 lectins was assessed on normal human sperm samples during in vitro induction of the acrosome reaction with calcium ionophore A-23187. Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA) was shown to bind strongly the whole surface of sperm before induction of the acrosome reaction, and in lesser amounts after incubation with calcium ionophore. Arachis hypogea agglutinin (PNA) and mostly Concanavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con-A) and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-1) binding evolved in an opposite pattern with an increase of the labeling parallel to that of GB24 antibody binding. Electron microscopy showed that the fluorescence patterns observed correlated with increased access to the inner membrane of the acrosome. This was significant 60 min after the induction of acrosome reaction. Lectin binding could be a useful tool to examine the ability of sperm samples to undergo the acrosome reaction.

Acrosome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Centrifugation on Percoll gradient enhances fluorescent lectin binding on human sperm: a flow cytometric analysis.

Centrifugation on a Percoll gradient is commonly used to enrich sperm preparations in mobile forms prior to in vitro fertilization attempts. It has been suggested that this method also induces the capacitation of sperm, a step preceding the acrosomal reaction allowing egg fertilization. The modifications of the acrosomal membrane involved in these physiological events likely include alterations of glycosylation patterns. This hypothesis was investigated by comparing the membrane binding of 15 fluorescein-conjugated lectins on 60 samples of sperm, before and after Percoll centrifugation. The numbers of labeled sperm and their mean fluorescence intensity, recorded in flow cytometry, significantly increased for 10 and 14 of the 15 lectins tested. Microscopic examination of the labeled sperm showed that the acrosome and equatorial plates were more often labeled after Percoll centrifugation, confirming the hypothesis that this method modifies the glycosylation pattern of structures important for egg fertilization.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis patients discloses sustained elevated serum levels of soluble CD106 (V-CAM).

OBJECTIVE: To appreciate the evolution of serum angiogenic and/or adhesion molecules levels during a long term follow-up of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS: Serum levels of 5 soluble adhesion/angiogenesis glycoproteins (VEGF, CD31, CD54, CD62E, CD106) were measured in Elisa in samples collected over 6 years in a cohort of 43 RA patients with monitored clinical parameters of disease activity and severity. RESULTS: RA patients had significantly higher levels (p < 0.0001) of sCD106 (VCAM-1) than control subjects. Conversely, the levels of soluble VEGF, CD31, CD54 and CD62E were normal or lower than normal. No statistically significant time effect was noted. No effect either was noted as related to the therapeutic agents taken by the patients. CONCLUSION: The sustained elevated serum levels of sCD106 observed here imply that this molecule might be related to the chronicity and progression of RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Levels of IgA rheumatoid factors in seropositive rheumatoid polyarthritis. Absence of correlation with disease activity or pejorative course].

Rheumatoid factors of the IgA isotype directed to human IgG Fc fragment were assayed, using an Elisa test, in the serum of 30 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and in the synovial fluid of 9 of them. A high incidence was found in the serum (90%) and synovial fluids (77%). Clinical, radiological and biological parameters of each patients were recorded at the time of the assay, and two years later. There was no statistically significant association between IgA rheumatoid factors levels and other parameters, nor with a pejorative evolution. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between IgA rheumatoid factors levels and the duration of the disease, suggesting that IgA rheumatoid factors are predominantly produced at the earliest stages of rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CD10 in acute leukemias. GEIL (Groupe d'Etude Immunologique des Leucémies).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CD10, initially known as cALLA, was identified as one of the earliest markers expressed by leukemic cells of the lymphoblastic lineage. This review summarizes what has been discovered about this ubiquitous molecule since anti-cALLA antibodies allowed its detection on leukemic cells. It also attempts to specify the selectivity of CD10 in acute leukemias as a subclassification or prognostic tool. EVIDENCE AND INFORMATION SOURCES: The material used for this review includes articles identified as relevant through a meta-analysis in the Medline database, as well as personal publications or data issued within the French Study Group on the Immunology of Leukemias (GEIL). STATE OF ART: CD10 now stands as much more than a mere leukemic marker. It belongs to a rather large family of exopeptidases expressed in a variety of tissues and mostly involved in the activation or deactivation of peptides through the removal of terminal amino acids. CD10 expression on leukemic cells remains a useful subclassification tool for B-lineage leukemias, but it can also be found on other types of leukemic cells. PERSPECTIVES: Much remains to be discovered regarding the physiological role of CD10 during the maturation of normal B-lineage lymphocytes and about its functions-or lack of activity-on leukemic cells. It could also provide a valuable tool for further dissecting B-lineage leukemias when the quantitative aspect of its expression on blast cells is taken into account.

Acute Disease↗