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Biomedical subjects

G C Cook

Publications and source records attributed to G C Cook.

228 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B and C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was detected in 18.7% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in 10.9% of controls (P < 0.001). The corresponding prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were 59.3% and 50.0% (P < 0.001). Using patients with non-hepatic disease as controls, stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that both anti-HCV (odds ratio 6.88%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63-9.77) and HBsAg (odds ratio 6.46; 95% CI 1.68-18.13) were independent risk factors for HCC. Calculation of the incremental odds ratio indicated no interaction between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV. Blood transfusion was a significant risk factor for acquiring HCV infection with odds ratios of 5.48 (95% CI 1.07-29.0) and 2.86 (95% CI 1.31-22.72) for HCC cases and controls, respectively. The mean age of HCC cases with HBsAg and anti-HCV was lower than that of HCC patients with anti-HCV alone (P < 0.01). It is concluded that there is a high rate of HBV infection, and a low rate of HCV infection, among Nigerian patients with HCC. However, HBV and HCV are independent risk factors for the development of HCC, with HBV having an effect more rapidly. Screening of blood products for transfusion might minimize the risk of HCV transmission.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal lactase status of adults in Papua New Guinea.

Fifty hospital patients in Port Moresby (mean age 30 yr) without evidence of malnutrition or gastro-intestinal disease, who came from many parts of Papua New Guinea (P.N.G.), were given 50 g lactose orally after an overnight fast. In 49 blood glucose rise was less than 1.1 mmol 1(-1), indicating hypolactasia. Thirty-three gave a clear history of symptoms, usually diarrhoea, after lactose. Adult hypolactasia approaches 100% in P.N.G. There is no indication that the genetic structure of any part of the population of P,N.G. with regard to lactase has been influenced by genetic drift from peoples with persistence of lactase into adult life (PL).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The College of Physicians in the nineteenth century.

For much of the nineteenth century (during which there were 16 Presidents) events within the College were dominated by widespread demands for medical reform, culminating in the great Medical Reform Act of 1858. This led to major changes within the College, including an overhaul of the system(s) of elections; the old licentiates disappeared (to be replaced by the new licentiates), whilst introduction of the membership (by examination) was instituted. The style of Presidential elections was also changed. Internal College activities centred on the Library and on the London Pharmacopoeia. Early in the century, the College once again moved geographically, this time from the City to the West End of London. Regarding contemporary issues, including medical advances (notably introduction of the 'germ-theory' of disease causation) and important social changes (dominated by Poor Law reform), the College's input proved minimal.

Health Care Reform↗