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Biomedical subjects

G C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to G C Anderson.

118 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain outcomes after intestinal surgery.

Pain sensation and distress in 38 intestinal surgical patients were moderate to severe on postoperative day 1, ranging from 34 to 49 mm and 33 to 45 mm, respectively, on 100-mm scales. During ambulation, both increased from baseline to post-ambulation, P < 0.01. Half of the patients reported severe pain not relieved by analgesics, and although 44% learned a relaxation technique in the past, only 8% used one for pain after this surgery. Pain disturbed the sleep of 34% of the patients, and pain was related to respiratory, intestinal, febrile, and other complications in 18 (47%) subjects. Attentive analgesic use and nonpharmacologic therapies are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of nonnutritive sucking on behavioral state in preterm infants before feeding.

To describe the effect of nonnutritive sucking (NNS) on behavioral state (BSt) in preterm infants before feedings 24 preterm infants were randomly assigned and studied before each of their first 16 bottle feedings. Twelve received NNS by pacifier for 5 minutes; 12 did not receive a pacifier. BSt was measured with a 12-category scale for 30 seconds before the 5-minute period (BSt1) and for 30 seconds after (BSt2). Sleep states decreased for both groups. BSts considered more optimal for feeding increased more during NNS (86 vs. 46). Restless states were three times less frequent after NNS (23 vs. 68). Differences between groups were nonsignificant at BSt1, but were significant at BSt2, p less than .001. In the absence of self-regulatory feeding policies based on early hunger cues, NNS for 5 minutes prefeeding is simple, brief, and suitable for implementation in busy neonatal intensive care units. Nonnutritive sucking was an effective modulator of behavioral state for this sample.

Child Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A meta-analysis of critical outcome variables in nonnutritive sucking in preterm infants.

The advantages and limitations of meta-analysis in clinical nursing research are explained and illustrated with five studies of nonnutritive sucking (NNS) in preterm infants. This article addresses steps of locating studies, systematic comparison of studies for like variables, and qualitative decisions needed before quantitative methods are applied to cumulate findings across studies. Several approaches of calculating effect size and confidence intervals were used to interpret the power of the treatment effect of NNS. On average, across the five NNS studies, NNS intervention reduced time to first bottle feeding by 2.9 days and days of hospitalization by 6.3 days.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transitional newborn infants in a hospital nursery: from first oral cue to first sustained cry.

Before crying, newborns exhibit oral cues. This study determined time and behavior between first oral cue and first sustained cry (2 minutes of crying) in 15 clinically normal infants postbirth (mean age 64 minutes). Mean minutes cue to cry was 31. Mean tonguing frequency was 108; hand-to-mouth (70); hand-passing-mouth (57); whimpering (49); rooting (19); empty sucking (14); startle (6); yawn (3); and sneeze (2). Mean minutes of intrinsic mouthing was 2.9; digit sucking (1.6); tongue sucking (1.2); sucking hand (1.1); fussing (1.0); and no cues (3.4). Mean minutes of crying was 1.1; hard crying (0.9). Mean longest single cry was 25 seconds. Mean inter-cry interval was 2 minutes. Crying occurred 13% of the time. During the physiologically critical period postbirth, responses to cues, rather than demands (cries), might prevent crying, decrease physiologic compromise, and foster appropriate care giver-infant interaction. This may enhance physiologic-psychosocial development.

Blood Circulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasogastric tube placement: effects on breathing and sucking in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Eighteen very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants who met study criteria were observed during routinely scheduled feedings, twice in one day, once with a nasogastric (NG) tube and once without, in random order. Breathing and sucking measurements were compared with and without NG tube placement. During the prefeed period, minute ventilation and tidal volume were significantly lower with an NG tube than without the tube. During the continuous sucking (CS) period after commencement of oral feeding, minute ventilation, tidal volume, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were also lower with the tube. During both CS and subsequent intermittent sucking periods, infants sucked less forcefully and took less formula with the tube. Based on these findings, if VLBW infants have an NG tube in place, clinicians are urged to monitor for breathing compromise, oxygen desaturation, and bradycardia during oral feeding.

Feeding Behavior↗