Biomedical subjects

G C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to G C Anderson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Nonnutritive sucking modulates behavioral state for preterm infants before feeding.

Forty-two pre-term infants were studied to determine the effect of nonnutritive sucking pre-feeding on behavioral state. Infants were randomly assigned to pacifier or rest groups. Pacifiers or rest were given for 5 minutes following routine caregiving and before each of the first 16 bottle feedings. A 12-category scale was used to measure state immediately before the 5-minutes and after. Frequencies of states that precede optimal feedings changed for infants given pacifiers versus rest: alert inactivity (+6 vs. -2), quiet awake (+19 vs. -6), and active awake (-24 vs. +12); infants given pacifiers had more sleep and fewer restless states. Group differences were non-significant before nonnutritive sucking (p = 0.16) but significant after (p = 0.00001). When self-regulatory feeding policies based on early hunger cues are not allowed, nonnutritive sucking for 5 minutes pre-feeding is simple, brief, and appropriate for busy intensive care units. These findings confirm those from earlier less conclusive research and indicate that nonnutritive sucking modulates behavioral state.

Feeding Behavior↗

PubMed1992

The relationship between level of mandibular pain and dysfunction and stage of temporomandibular joint internal derangement.

Temporomandibular joint internal derangement (TMJ ID) is the most common intra-articular TM disorder and can progress from TMJ ID with reduction to TMJ ID without reduction. It is not known whether this anatomical progression is associated with increasing levels of mandibular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine whether the level of clinically detectable mandibular dysfunction was related to the stage of TMJ ID. Two clinicians examined 42 subjects prior to bilateral TMJ arthrographic evaluation. The level of mandibular dysfunction was calculated by Helkimo's Clinical Dysfunction Index (Di) and the Craniomandibular Index (CMI). Statistical analysis revealed that the level of mandibular dysfunction as determined by the Di and CMI was not related to the arthrographic presence or absence of TMJ ID. Therefore, the clinician cannot assume that the level of mandibular dysfunction is directly related to the absence or presence of TMJ ID. Epidemiologically, the CMI and Di can be used only for estimation of the degree of mandibular dysfunction, since they do not provide direct information on a specific TM disorder.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Current knowledge about skin-to-skin (kangaroo) care for preterm infants.

Skin-to-skin ("kangaroo") care for preterm infants is becoming widespread in Western Europe. During this care the mother holds her diaper-clad premature infant against her skin beneath her clothing and allows self-regulatory access to breast-feeding. Fathers hold their infants skin-to-skin also. Research projects in Western Europe and the United States provide data that support the safety and effectiveness of this method. Infants held skin-to-skin are warm enough and have regular heart rate and respirations, more deep sleep and alert inactivity, less crying, no increase in infections, greater weight gain, and earlier discharge. Lactation is more productive and of greater duration. Parents become attached to their infants and feel confident about caring for them. This research is summarized and annotated in a table, along with descriptive reports and videotapes. These data can be used by health care professionals to make informed decisions about offering kangaroo care opportunities to selected parents and their preterm infants.

Breast Feeding↗

PubMed1991

Physiologic responses to skin-to-skin contact in hospitalized premature infants.

Twelve stable premature infants in open-air cribs acted as their own controls in a study designed to evaluate the effect of skin-to-skin contact (SSC) with their mothers on infant heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and skin temperature. Measurements were taken every minute during three consecutive interfeeding periods (2 to 3 hours each): pre-SSC, SSC, and post-SSC. Skin-to-skin contact in the upright position between maternal breasts underneath a velour blouse occurred in the continuing care nursery of secondary level NICUs and was compared with infants lying in open-air cribs. All physiologic measures remained within normal limits, suggesting that SSC had no adverse effects. Statistically significant increases in heart rate and skin and rectal temperatures during SSC were also within normal limits. Skin-to-skin contact can occur between hospitalized stable premature infants and their mothers without physiologic compromise and heat loss to the infant. Practice implications are discussed.

Female↗

PubMed1990