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Biomedical subjects

G Buchkremer

Publications and source records attributed to G Buchkremer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Experiences of schizophrenic patients in ambulatory care with oral neuroleptics--baseline for psychoeducational interventions].

In the run-up to a prospective intervention study to assist the preparation of psychoeducational therapeutic measures, schizophrenic out-patients were questioned on their experiences with two oral neuroleptics, Clozapine and Perazine. The two drugs, which are known to have similar side effects, find equal acceptance among patients. Subjective attitudes to medication and general evaluations of drug therapy are extremely positive. Numerous patients had already modified their neuroleptic dosage on their own initiative, in most cases discontinuing their medication but in some cases increasing or reducing the dose. These experiences can be used in designing a psychoeducational intervention directed towards individual needs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

[Can psycho-education of chronic schizophrenic patients have a short-term effect on drug-related attitude and behavior?].

Within a controlled intervention study with schizophrenic outpatients we investigated the question of whether regular attendance at psychoeducational training for medication management has an influence on patients' illness-related behavior. The patients in the treatment group show better outcome of compliance and some treatment-related attitudes, though without statistical significance. Despite extensive information they are no more content with their knowledge of drugs than the control group, but more aware of problems, i.e. more cautious in medication co-determination.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Patient modified medication: how do schizophrenic patients manage their neuroleptics?].

191 DSM-III-R schizophrenic outpatients were interviewed about their experiences in self regulation of medication by means of a structured questionnaire. 59% of the 178 patients giving relevant replies claimed to have varied their neuroleptic dosage; i.e. augmented, reduced or discontinued it without consulting their doctor. Modifiers reported more often that their relatives were in favour of the medication, but less often that they themselves thought it important for their health. Augmenters were older on average than non-modifiers. Patients' appraisals of their experience appeared to be realistic, so that psychiatrists could make use of them to co-determine treatment in the individual case.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Behavioral relapse prevention strategies in smoking cessation.

The study deals with the efficiency of various relapse prevention strategies in smoking cessation therapy. It is designed to examine the efficiency of cognitive and behavioral relapse prevention strategies in conjunction with transdermal nicotine substitution and booster sessions. The results show that application of the relapse prevention strategies in this study provided no significant increase in the long-term effectiveness of smoking cessation therapy. The abstinence rates of the five therapy groups, which were roughly equal on completion of the therapy, showed a more marked decrease in all test groups than in the control group in the 6- and 12-month follow-up.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

[Results of electroconvulsive therapy in restrictive indications. A retrospective study of 15 years].

In Tübingen ECT is restricted to severely ill patients who do not respond to other somatic therapies; especially to patients with endogenous depression and pernicious catatonia. Between 1976 and 1990, 45 patients were treated with ECT, of whom 22 suffered from endogenous depression and 10 from pernicious catatonia. Thirteen patients with other diagnoses (schizophrenic and schizoaffective psychoses, borderline schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder) were treated with ECT for severe depressive states after failure of psychopharmacological therapy. A positive therapeutic response to ECT was observed in 46% of patients with endogenous depression and in all 10 with pernicious catatonia. In the patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis, borderline schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, an amelioration of the depressive or anxiety syndrome was observed only in individual cases. Side effects of ECT were transit syndromes (20%), reversible amnestic syndromes (20%) and cardiac arrhythmias (6%). According to our results, ECT is highly effective in therapy-resistant endogenous depression and pernicious catatonia, and therefore remains a necessary part of psychiatric therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The effectiveness of ambulatory occupational therapy measures for patients with schizophrenia].

This study evaluates the concept of occupational therapy for schizophrenic outpatients. Preliminary results from 18 patients suggest that occupational therapy for outpatients might contribute to an improvement in cognitive-adaptive functions and open up ways for further integration on the job market. The prognosis was favourable when the outset of occupational therapy was not equated with a rise in the level of professional adaptation and a certain approachability and flexibility were to be observed in cognitive, affective and intentional aspects among the chronic schizophrenic patients. With regard to cognitive functions and to professional adaptation, it proved more favourable for occupational therapy to be carried out within the framework of regular service enterprises (external occupational therapy, n = 9) and not within training areas of the psychiatric institution itself (internal occupational therapy, n = 9). Patients taking part in internal occupational therapy felt more heavily burdened by workplace conditions, and greater family-related strain seemed to develop in the therapeutic centre than was the case among patients taking in external occupational therapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

[The five-minute interview. A brief method for assessing expressed emotion status].

The Camberwell Family Interview (CFI) has been developed to assess the expressed emotion status (EE), a measure of the attitudes and feelings that a relative expresses about a schizophrenic family member. The EE measure has shown to be a good predictor of relapses in the course of schizophrenia, and has proved valid in a number of different cultures. However, the extensive, semistructured CFI is so time-consuming, that it only has been employed in a few specialized research centers. Therefore a brief method for assessing the EE index has been developed on the basis of a 5-minute speech sample (FMSS), which showed a reasonable correspondence with EE ratings derived from the CFI. The present article describes the development of a German version of the FMSS. The correspondence between blind EE ratings derived from the FMSS and the CFI was investigated on a sample of 176 interviews of relatives of schizophrenics. The relationship between the procedures to assess the EE index was significantly close. These results show the validity of the FMSS as a brief EE screening procedure for German-speaking populations.

Emotions↗
PubMed1991

The predictability of relapses in schizophrenic patients.

The objective of this study was to identify clinically relevant predictors of short-term (2 years) outcome in schizophrenic patients and to gather these predictors into one simple prognosis model for the course of the disease. Ninety-nine schizophrenic outpatients classified according to DSM-III criteria were observed for 3 years with regard to their relapse (rehospitalization) frequency. Predictors of both a high and a low relapse risk permitting a prognostic assessment of the individual case were based on various sources: case history data, especially those relating to the previous course of the disease: social and therapeutic situation; psychopathological findings; emotional family atmosphere; and prognosis scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Smoking-cessation treatment combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy.

Effects of smoking-cessation treatment combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy were investigated in two studies. A total of 403 smokers underwent nine weeks of behavioral self-control treatment. For seven weeks, groups with transdermal nicotine substitution were also provided with nicotine patches that continuously release nicotine through the skin into the circulatory system. The effects of treatment were measured by total abstinence. The results showed that the nicotine concentration in the patch, special relapse prevention methods, and the type of dosage (individual versus fixed dose) had no influence on therapeutic success. Nicotine concentration played a decisive role in the compatibility of the patch. Combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy produced 12-month success rates (total abstinence) of about 35%.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

Combination of behavioral smoking cessation with transdermal nicotine substitution.

Effects of a transdermal nicotine substitution on psychological smoking cessation were investigated in a double-blind prospective study. 131 smokers were randomly assigned to three treatment conditions: All smokers underwent nine weeks of self-controlled smoking cessation. During six weeks one group was additionally treated with nicotine patches continuously releasing nicotine through the skin into the blood circuit. The second group received placebo patches; while the third group was treated with behavioral training alone. Treatment effects were measured by daily cigarette consumption. Nicotine-treated subjects reached significantly higher abstinence rates during and at the end of treatment than both placebo- and control-subjects: 69% in the nicotine condition, 51.2% and 44.4% under placebo and control conditions respectively. Effects are influenced by initial cigarette consumption, with the light smokers benefitting most from the nicotine patch. Self-assessments suggest an aversive effect of transdermal nicotine on cigarette taste. Our results, although not yet verified by long-term observations, demonstrate that transdermal nicotine substitution significantly enhances the effectiveness of behavioral smoking cessation methods.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

Efficiency of multimodal smoking cessation therapy combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy.

Effects of smoking cessation treatment combining transdermal nicotine substitution with behavioral therapy were investigated in three studies. A total of 535 smokers underwent 9 weeks of behavioral self-control treatment. For 7 weeks, groups with transdermal nicotine substitution received in addition nicotine patches that continuously released nicotine through the skin into the circulatory system. The effects of treatment were measured by daily cigarette consumption. Subjects additionally treated with transdermal nicotine substitution reached significantly higher abstinence rates by the end of treatment and during the follow-up period than control subjects. The results thus indicate enhanced therapeutic effectiveness of transdermal nicotine substitution.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

[Family groups and family self-help groups for schizophrenic patients. Concepts, establishment, problems in implementation].

In Münster/W.-Germany the effect of therapeutical work with relatives of young schizophrenic patients is investigated in a government supported prospective study. In this paper we reveal therapeutical concepts and difficulties dealing with the formation and guidance of the relatives groups. After a personal interview about one third of the relatives was interested in relatives groups (151 relatives of 99 patients). Relatives of younger patients with a shorter duration of illness were somewhat more interested. During the one-year-period of group-work about one third of the relatives left the groups. The motivation for a regular participation dependent on the symptoms of the patients. A special training produced better motivation for taking part in long-term self-help-groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effect of different dosages of a transdermal nicotine substitution system on the success rate of smoking cessation therapy.

The effectiveness of different nicotine dosages on abstinence rates was investigated in a smoking cessation study. One hundred smokers underwent nine weeks of self-controlled treatment based on behavioral principles. The overall group was divided into two subgroups randomized according to sex, cigarette consumption and age. The first group (n = 51) was given a nicotine dose adapted to daily cigarette consumption. The second group (n = 49) was given a standardized dose. There was, unexpectedly, no difference between the two groups in respect to short-term abstinence rates. These results suggest that standardized dosage is preferred to individually adapted dosage.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1989

Contact allergies induced by TTS-treatment.

The efficiency of a nicotine-containing transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) was investigated in a clinical study, the purpose of which was to help 183 heavy smokers give up their addiction by systematic and continuous nicotine application and simultaneous behavioral therapy. During the treatment period, 53% of the patients complained of pruritus and 39% developed erythemas that were almost exclusively confined to those areas where the patches had been applied. However, most symptoms appeared only in slight or moderate forms. In contrast to irritative cutireactions, 6 patients developed a genuine contact allergy (type IV, delayed type reaction) which proved in 5 cases to be induced by the nicotine contained in the patches. Presumably TTS-treatment may induce contact allergies to pharmaceutic agents, as has already been described in other observations on allergies to haptens.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1988

[Long-term effects of a combination of transdermal nicotine administration with behavior therapy for smoking cessation].

Effects of a transdermal nicotine substitution on psychological smoking cessation were investigated in a double-blind prospective study. 131 smokers have been randomly assigned to three treatment conditions: All smokers underwent nine weeks of self-controlled smoking cessation. During 6 weeks one group was additionally treated with nicotine patches continuously releasing nicotine through the skin into the blood circuit. The second group received placebo patches; while the third group was treated with behavioral training alone. Treatment effects were measured by daily cigarette consumption. Follow-up investigations were performed 3, 6 and 12 months after therapy. Nicotine-treated subjects reached significantly higher abstinence rates during and at the end of treatment as well as during the follow-up period, than both placebo- and control-subjects. No severe side effects of plasters have been reported. The results thus indicate good therapeutic effectiveness of transdermal nicotine substitution.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1987

[Aspects of ambulatory occupational therapy].

The authors report on the organisation and structure of a work therapy system set up at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Münster which also looks after outpatients. The authors' presentation takes into account that there are not yet enough setups of this kind in the Federal Republic of Germany. A comprehensive survey is given of the patients' motives to participate, their attitude towards their activities, and the therapeutic effects as experienced by the patients. The ranking of work therapy within the overall framework of comprehensive outpatient care is discussed.

Adult↗