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Biomedical subjects

G Brunelli

Publications and source records attributed to G Brunelli.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Lesions of the kidney in tourniquet shock: ultrastructural study.

Light microscope and ultrastructural changes in the rat kidney in tourniquet shock are described. The animals (24) were divided into two series; in the first one, the hind limb was kept at room temperature; in the second series, prerefrigeration was used. The effects of different ischemia were studied (2,4,8, and 12 hours for warm ischemia; 4,8,12, and 16 hours for cold ischemia). The animals were sacrificed at 3, 10, and 30 days. Pathological changes were evident, consisting in an increase of cytosomes in the proximal tubules and apical vacuolation in collecting ducts; numerous cytosomes including myelin-like structures were also seen. Large differences between warm and cold ischemia alterations were found. The changes in the tubules were clearly less important in cold ischemia. The authors conclude that there is a protective effect in regard to prevention of renal pathology affordable by prerefrigeration of a limb for reimplantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bronchodilating activity of mequitazine.

The bronchodilating activity of mequitazine (MQ) (10-[3- quinuclidynilmethyl ]-phenothiazine) has been investigated in the guinea-pig using various spasmogens such as acetylcholine, histamine and leukotriene-C4 (LTC4). Mequitazine showed a potent protecting activity versus bronchoconstriction induced by the above agonists and was also able to prevent their capacity to trigger activation of arachidonic acid metabolism and preferential formation of TXA2. The results obtained with the "in vivo" experiments correlate well with those obtained "in vitro" using guinea-pig perfused lungs, where LTC4 and histamine stimulate TXA2 formation and release in the pulmonary effluent. MQ demonstrated its efficacy in protecting passively sensitized guinea-pigs from antigen challenge; this protection is accompanied by a substantial reduction of circulating TXA2. The bronchodilating and antiallergic activity of MQ is likely due to a direct control of histamine and muscarinic receptors and to a diminished bioamplification via eicosanoid activation. In addition, the capacity of MQ to counteract the "in vitro" and "in vivo" effects of LTC4 adds interest to its therapeutic potential.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Neurotization of avulsed roots of brachial plexus by means of anterior nerves of cervical plexus.

In summary, this technique provides a number of well-differentiated sensory and voluntary motor fibers. This number is certainly less than that of a normal plexus but is much more and of much better quality than that of intercostal nerves. If we distribute these fibers to well-chosen branches of the brachial plexus, limiting the neurotization to few selective components, we have the possibility of a useful recovery of essential movements of the shoulder and elbow. Sensation to the hand will also recover to a certain extent. Subsequent palliative operations (as for instance different kinds of arthrodesis) can supply a limb that, although paralyzed and severely impaired, can still be useful.

Arm↗
PubMed1984

Flexor tendon grafts in the fingers.

The authors present the results of twenty-five tendon grafts performed between 1972 and 1982. The end results were evaluated according to these parameters: the pre-operative condition, the donor tendon, the level of the lesion, the age of the patient, and the time elapsed from injury to operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Partial selective denervation in spastic palsies (hyponeurotization).

Treating spastic palsies is a difficult problem. Hyponeurotization is a technique in which peripheral nerves are partially and selectively denervated to diminish spasm in muscles, hence reducing spasticity and tenseness so inimical to movement. Hyponeurotization can be performed in all spastic patients who are capable of cooperating. It should be avoided in cases of athetosis and brain impairment. Partial denervation is employed to reduce spasm; tenotomies, tendon lengthening, and myoectomy are employed to increase length in retracted muscles. Secondary surgery is usually required to further correct the spasm after the "adoption" phenomenon is complete. The results with hyponeurotization have been good in a high percentage of cases in which the surgery strictly adhered to basic principles.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

New pharmacological aspects of the bronchodilating activity of procaterol.

The selectivity of procaterol for beta 2-adrenoceptors vs beta 1-adrenoceptors in animals has been already described. In these studies the ability of procaterol to protect guinea-pig against bronchoconstriction induced by various spasmogens such as histamine, LTC4 and acetylcholine is demonstrated. The results obtained both in anaesthetized animals and in perfused lungs clearly show that procaterol antagonizes not only the direct effect of the bronchoconstrictors quoted above but also their ability to activate arachidonic acid metabolism and to augment the generation of TXA2. Procaterol (0, 3-3 micrograms/Kg i.v.) is more potent than salbutamol in protecting passively sensitized guinea-pig from massive bronchoconstriction following antigen challenge: a phenomenon which is paralleled by an increment of the circulating TXA2. The possibility that the adenylate-cyclase-stimulating properties of procaterol may explain its antiasthmatic activity is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Selective microsurgical denervation in spastic paralysis].

Denervation, provosed at the turn of the century and abandoned because of inconstant results, has again been taken up in principle, but with a notable change in technique. It is necessary to do a careful examination of the muscles that are to be denervated (of the median and ulnar nerves) and to determine the nature of the spasticity. The incision, longer than in the original technique, allows a better view of the median and ulnar nerves. The nerve branches to each muscle are thus easily identified, and by electric stimulation during the operation one judges how much denervation to subject the muscles to while taking into account the phenomenon of the take-over of the denervated muscles by the remaining nerve fibers. Part of the nerve branches are then sectioned under microscopic control near the muscle, taking care to cauterize the proximal stump. It may be necessary to do associated tenotomies or capsulotomies. This method gives good results if the technique and the contraindications, (athetosis, chorea and cerebral deficits) are respected. It must be emphasized that the results depend on the degree of denervation, which is hardly quantifiable, and is subject to the operator's experience.

Arm↗
PubMed1983

Slip-knot flexor tendon suture in Zone II allowing immediate mobilisation.

Immediate mobilisation after flexor tendon suture produces a conflict between the muscle force and resistance of the sutures. Sutures within the tendon after repair are weak and need contrived measures (e.g. wrist and metacarpophalangeal flexion, rubber bands etc.) to prevent dehiscence, while pull-out sutures do not allow mobilisation because of their anchorage. A new technique is presented which consists of a simple slip-knot suture which transmits the tension generated by the muscle to the distal tendon stump and its bony insertion, allowing immediate mobilisation. Results in ninety eight cases repaired by this technique during nine years are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Personal technique for suturing the flexor tendons of the fingers with immediate mobilization].

Immediate mobilization of flexor tendons repairs creates a conflict between muscle strength and suture solidity. Non removable sutures are brittle and require to prevent extension by means of either a cast in flexion of the wrist and of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints or a rubber band traction. Pull-out sutures do not permit early mobilization because of their anchorages. The authors present a new technique they have been using for the last five years. It consists in a simple solid slip-knot which tightening the tendon when the muscle pulls. This knot is fixed at the distal bone insertion of the tendon, which makes immediate mobilization possible. Sixty three patients have been treated with by this technique over the past five years. We have not encountered any rupture of the suture. The results, even in the least favorable cases have been considered as very good.

Fingers↗
PubMed1982

New pharmacological aspects on the antiasthmatic activity of tiaramide-HCl.

Tiaramide hydrochloride (THC) is a benzothiazoline derivative with a remarkable antianaphylactic activity: in anaesthetized guinea-pig it shows protecting effects against histamine (H)- and bradykinin (Bk)-induced bronchoconstriction, preventing increase of lung resistance and decrease of dynamic compliance. At the same time THC inhibits formation of circulating thromboxane A2 brought about by H and Bk. THC is also able to antagonize the contractions induced by CaCl2 on isolated guinea-pig tracheal spirals and its mode of action seems to be of the competitive type. Furthermore THC abolishes the "tonic" phase of K+-induced contractions of guinea-pig taenia coli which are dependent on inward movement of calcium, whereas the "phasic" component of the contractions is left unaltered. THC is a very weak inhibitor of 3'-5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase which is affected only at very high dosage (10(-2) M). The calcium antagonistic activity of THC may explain both its bronchodilating and antianaphylactic properties.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1981

Prostacyclin (PGI2) generation in lungs of fetal and newborn rabbit.

Perfused lungs from fetal (26-28 days of gestation) and newborn rabbits preferentially transform arachidonic acid into a substance which mimics PGI2 activity on different isolated tissues in cascase. These data support the hypothesis that antiplatelet and vasodilating vasodilating activity of PGI2 generated in the lungs may contribute to the characteristics of the fetal circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Fractures of the intercondylar tibial eminence.

Fractures of the intercondylar tibial eminence are produced by a mechanism similar to that of rupture of the cruciate ligaments, in particular excessive internal rotation in varus and external rotation in valgus. When combined with other types of force there may be associated lesions of other structures, which naturally complicates the treatment and prognosis. Screw fixation is not considered satisfactory, both because of its difficulty when the posterior tuberosity is involved, the need for a second operation to remove the screw, the frequency with which the fragments break during or after the application of the screw, and the possibility that the screws may loosen. Fixation is performed by means of a metal wire transfixing the fracture, passed through two tunnels in the tibia, and anchored on the anterior surface of the tibia over a small metal plate, in order to prevent cutting through the bone under tension. It is important that the two small tunnels drilled in the tibia should exactly meet the fracture line.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗