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Biomedical subjects

G Brown

Publications and source records attributed to G Brown.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Intravenous insulin nomogram improves blood glucose control in the critically ill.

OBJECTIVE: To improve control of blood glucose concentrations in critically ill patients through use of a bedside, nurse-managed, intravenous insulin nomogram. DESIGN: Retrospective, before-after cohort study. SETTING: Fifteen-bed mixed medical/surgical intensive care unit in a tertiary, teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 167 intensive care unit patients requiring intravenous insulin infusions during two 9-month periods. INTERVENTION: The sliding scale group was treated using ad hoc sliding scale infusion therapy. The intervention group was treated using a dosing nomogram that allowed the nurse to adjust the insulin infusion rate based on current glucose concentration and concurrent insulin infusion rates. The adjustments were made independent of physician input. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Time from initiating the insulin infusion to initial control of glucose concentration (<11.5 mmol/L) was determined. Effectiveness of glucose control was determined retrospectively by measuring the area under the curve of blood concentrations >11.5 mmol/L versus time of insulin infusion, divided by total duration of insulin infusion. The median time to initial control of glucose (<11.5 mmol/L) was 4 hr (range 1-38 hr) for the baseline and 2 hr (range 1-22 hr) for nomogram group (p =.0004). The median area under the curve of glucose concentration divided by duration of insulin infusion was 0.9 (range 0.0-5.9) for sliding scale group and 0.3 (range 0.0-11.1) for nomogram (p =.0001), without any increase in the frequency of episodes of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION: Use of an insulin nomogram in critically ill patients improves control of blood glucose concentrations and is safe.

Area Under Curve↗
PubMed2001

African American women's experiences with the initial discovery, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the experiences of African American women living with breast cancer following the primary diagnosis and while undergoing initial treatment. DESIGN: Phenomenologic. SAMPLE/SETTING: 13 African American women (ages 30-66) purposefully selected from two oncology clinics in the mid-South. METHODS: Phenomenologic interviews (transcribed verbatim) and field notes were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenologic description and analysis. FINDINGS: Experience Trajectory, Femininity, and Spirituality were the three major themes. The Experience Trajectory subthemes were finding the lump, getting the diagnosis, undergoing surgery and adjuvant treatment. The Femininity subthemes were loss of all or part of the breast, loss of hair, and sexual attractiveness to a man. Spirituality was reflected as a reliance on God. CONCLUSIONS: Telling the story of their experience trajectory during their breast cancer experience is valuable in assessing African American women's feelings, emotions, and fears of body changes that occur during surgery and treatment. Their spirituality helps them through this experience. Research involving both African American women and their partners would provide greater insight into specific relationship patterns and communication related to sexuality during this experience. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses need to listen to the stories of African American women about the initial experience of discovery, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer so they can be more informed advocates for these women. African American women need more information from healthcare providers regarding the whole experience trajectory.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Caring demands and delay in seeking care in African American women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: an ethnographic, photographic study.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the caring behaviors and demands of African American women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and to consider the influence of caring on the women's decision to delay prompt diagnosis and maintain continuing treatment. DESIGN: Focused ethnographic design using photography. SAMPLE/SETTING: 13 African American women (ages 30-66) purposefully selected from two oncology clinics in the mid-South. METHODS: Ethnographic interviews (transcribed verbatim), observations at informant-selected sites, field notes, and snapshots of caring taken by the women where caring occurred were analyzed using Lelninger's phases of ethnographic analysis. FINDINGS: Major themes were (a) generic caring for others and self as meaningful and as promoting continued commitment to diagnosis and treatment, (b) generic and professional caring from others as supportive to the women in "going on," and (c) noncaring related to a "wait and see" attitude of healthcare providers and of women in delaying early diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: African American women's caring both for and from others was supportive in seeking and continuing diagnosis and treatment. The women with cancer viewed ensuring early diagnosis and continued treatment for other women as their "mission." Delay by providers and women requires further research. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses must advocate assertiveness for African American women in seeking help for breast cancer symptoms and in challenging providers who adopt a "wait and see" attitude when symptoms are present. Taking snapshots, in addition to fostering the research process, is suggested as a potentially helpful intervention for women as they work through their experiences during treatment for breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Practising physician's knowledge and patterns of practice regarding the asplenic state: the need for improved education and a practical checklist.

OBJECTIVE: To examine physicians' knowledge and actions regarding the asplenic state and to develop a practical checklist to aid in the systematic education and management of asplenic patients. DESIGN: A prospective cohort survey utilizing an experienced nurse practitioner and a survey questionnaire with on-site interviews. SETTING: The Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. SUBJECTS: A cohort of 122 physicians serving a population base of 350,000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Beliefs and practices relating to vaccination and precautions necessary for adult and pediatric splenectomized patients. PRINCIPAL RESULTS: The majority of physicians appeared to be knowledgeable about potential conditions affecting splenic function, except in the case of severe liver disease with portal hypertension and collagen vascular disease. There appeared to be good understanding on the part of most physicians of the risks associated with various infectious diseases and the asplenic state, except in the case of Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection linked to dog bites and the increased susceptibility of asplenic patients to intraerythrocytic parasites. Although a majority of physicians were cognizant of the need for pneumococcal vaccination and other immunizations in adults, there was marked uncertainty in relation to the need and the appropriate time interval for revaccination. In the case of children there appeared to be uncertainty regarding the role of antibiotic prophylaxis. There were discrepancies between physicians' expressed attitudes and the actions actually taken for asplenic patients in individual practices. CONCLUSIONS: Further education is required concerning the management of asplenic patients. The systematic use of a practical checklist may facilitate this process.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Does a third year of emergency medicine training make a difference? Historical cohort study of Queen's University graduates.

OBJECTIVE: To describe outcomes of a third-year residency (PGY-3) program in family medicine/emergency medicine in terms of its graduates' practice characteristics and their self-assessed preparedness for practising emergency medicine. DESIGN: A questionnaire was sent to graduates of Queen's University's family medicine residency programs. SETTING: Recent graduates' practices. PARTICIPANTS: All 30 graduates of Queen's University's Family Medicine/Emergency Medicine Program (PGY-3s) from 1988 to 1997 and 90 matched controls chosen randomly from among the 250 graduates of the 2-year family medicine residency program (PGY-2s) during the same period. Six of the 120 were excluded. Response rate was 89%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current practice of family and emergency medicine, leadership activities in emergency medicine, self-assessment of preparedness to practise and to lead others at the end of training, self-report of frequency of emergency care situations in subsequent practice for which physicians felt unprepared by their training, and catchment population and "rurality" of location of current practice. RESULTS: Compared with controls, more PGY-3s practiced and took leadership roles in emergency medicine in their hospitals and communities. At the end of their training, PGY-3s reported higher levels of preparedness for practicing and providing leadership in emergency medicine. Both groups reported the same frequency of encountering emergency situations in subsequent practice for which they felt inadequately prepared. Both groups practised in communities of similar size and location. CONCLUSION: Graduates of Queen's University's third-year emergency medicine program appear to practise in accordance with their extra training.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Melatonin and zopiclone as pharmacologic aids to facilitate crew rest.

PURPOSE: In response to mission imperatives, transport aircrews must often sleep at inappropriate circadian times resulting in inadequate sleep. This study was undertaken to determine whether either melatonin or zopiclone could facilitate early circadian sleep, and to assess whether either of these medications would result in a psychomotor performance decrement which would preclude their use in aircrew. METHOD: Thirteen subjects from DCIEM completed a double-blind cross-over protocol. All subjects were assessed for psychomotor performance during 3 drug conditions (placebo, 10 mg melatonin, and 7.5 mg zopiclone), which were separated by one week. Each of these conditions involved 2 nights of sleep, back-to-back, with the first night being a normal circadian control sleep (23:00 h bedtime, arising at 06:45 h), and the second night being an early circadian drug sleep (drugs at 16:45 h, 17:00 h bedtime, arising at 23:45 h). All subjects were tested for psychomotor performance, on both nights of each of the 3 drug conditions, pre- and post-sleep. Further, during the early circadian drug night, all subjects were tested every hour after arising at 23:45 h (24:00 h until 07:00 h. At the beginning of each psychomotor test session, subjects were asked for their subjective levels of sleepiness and fatigue. RESULTS: Relative to placebo (339.5 min) the subjects slept more on melatonin (370.2 min, p < 0.01), and zopiclone (373.3 min, p < 0.01). Performance in serial reaction time (SRT) task (p < 0.001), logical reasoning task (LRT) (p < 0.001), serial subtraction task (SST) (p < 0.02), and Multitask (MT) (p < 0.03) were impaired for all 3 drug conditions immediately on awakening, compared with pre-sleep performance, as a result of a sleep-inertia effect. With respect to the subjective data, sleep inertia effects were evident for sleepiness (p < 0.001), mental fatigue (p < 0.002), and physical fatigue (p < 0.05). For SRT, LRT, and SST, performance recovered to pre-sleep levels within 1.25 h of awakening, and for MT recovery occurred 2.25 h after awakening. There were no differences in performance or subjective measures between placebo, melatonin and zopiclone. CONCLUSIONS: Both zopiclone and melatonin improved sleep relative to placebo. After sleep inertia, performance recovered to pre-sleep levels for all tasks and was sustained at that level throughout the balance of the testing period. There was no impact of melatonin or zopiclone on performance measures compared with placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Culture and diversity in the nursing classroom: an impact on communication and learning.

This article discusses culture and diversity in the nursing classroom and its impact on communication and learning. Today's nursing classrooms are heavily populated with students from many ethnic, psychological and sociocultural backgrounds. It is necessary that nurse educators recognize that many communication patterns value diversity, and is a major support in many learning styles of their students. Without a thorough understanding of diversity and communication among cultures, major challenges exist for both professors and students. The nursing curriculum and classroom materials should portray diversity so that all subject matter reflects a range of cultural perspectives. Higher education curricula are probably the most diverse in the world, and with a global perspective, and the United States being a "melting pot," these curricula will become even more diverse in the future. Nursing education has the responsibility to teach students how to communicate on a global scale. These global models of communication will assist students to successfully enter professional nursing practice with strong communication skills and a level of cultural competence that professional nurses need to know.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

Low dependency residents in private nursing homes in Glasgow.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate why nursing home care had been recommended for elderly people who were assessed subsequently as being of low dependency. DESIGN: Examination of community care assessment documentation for low dependency residents to assess reasons for recommending nursing home care; comparison of these with data from a subsequent SCRUGs (Scottish Care Resource Utilisation Groups) assessment. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Three hundred and four residents within eight private nursing homes in Glasgow. RESULTS: Twenty six percent of the residents were described as being of low dependency. Of these, 44% had dementia and 6% personal care needs alone; 29% had medical problems which required nursing input, but not necessarily to a level requiring nursing home care. Information in the community care assessment often described a higher level of need than that identified subsequently. From the information given in the medical component of the community care assessment it was often unclear why the decision to recommend nursing home care was made. CONCLUSION: Admission to nursing homes may be encouraged by over-emphasiZing care requirements, by placing emphasis on safety rather than independence and by inadequate recording of information. Elderly people who cannot remain at home need improved assessment procedures, better understanding of their needs and a wider range of accommodation options.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Polymorphisms at the Werner locus: II. 1074Leu/Phe, 1367Cys/Arg, longevity, and atherosclerosis.

Werner syndrome (WS) is a progeroid syndrome caused by autosomal recessive null mutations at the WRN locus. The WRN gene encodes a nuclear protein of 180 kD that contains both exonuclease and helicase domains. WS patients develop various forms of arteriosclerosis, particularly atherosclerosis, and medial calcinosis. The most common cause of death in Caucasian subjects with WS is myocardial infarction. Previous studies have identified specific polymorphisms within WRN that may modulate the risk of atherosclerosis. Population studies of the 1074Leu/Phe and 1367Cys/Arg polymorphisms were undertaken to evaluate the role of WRN in atherogenesis. Frequencies of the 1074Leu/Phe polymorphisms in Finnish and Mexican populations revealed an age-dependent decline of 1074Phe/Phe genotype. In Mexican newborns, but not in Finnish newborns, the 1074Leu/Phe and 1367Cys/ Arg polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. Among coronary artery disease subjects, there was a tendency for the 1074Phe allele to be associated with coronary stenosis in a gene dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the 1367Arg/Arg genotype predicted a lower degree of coronary artery occlusion, as measured by NV50, when compared to the 1367Cys/Cys or 1367Cys/Arg genotypes. However, these tendencies did not achieve statistical significance. Samples from Mexican patients with ischemic stroke showed a trend of haplotype frequencies different from that in a control group of Mexican adults. These data support the hypothesis that WRN may mediate not only WS, but may also modulate more common age-related disorders and, perhaps, a basic aging process.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Safety and immunogenicity of a three-component blood-stage malaria vaccine in adults living in an endemic area of Papua New Guinea.

A Phase I safety and immunogenicity study with a three-component blood-stage malaria vaccine was conducted in adult male subjects living in an endemic area of Papua New Guinea. The preparations were recombinant proteins which corresponded to parts of the two merozoite surface proteins of Plasmodium falciparum (MSP1 and 2), and of the ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA). The three proteins were emulsified with the adjuvant Montanide ISA720. Ten subjects were injected twice (four weeks apart) with the vaccine formulation and two with the adjuvant alone. Mild pain at the site of injection was reported by about half of the subjects but no systemic reaction related to the formulation occurred. There was a sharp rise in geometric mean stimulation index after the second dose compared to baseline for MSP1 and RESA, while the rise was small for MSP2. Geometric mean antibody titres increased for MSP1 during the study, whereas they hardly changed for MSP2 and RESA. The vaccine formulation was safe when used in an already immune population. The vaccine induced good cellular responses, especially for MSP1 and RESA. Boosting of humoral responses was weak, probably because of high baseline antibody levels.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2000

Pneumococcal vaccine administration associated with splenectomy: the need for improved education, documentation, and the use of a practical checklist.

An audit was performed of the documentation of pneumococcal vaccination in splenectomy patients in three major hospitals involving a geographical population base of 350,000 patients in British Columbia, Canada. Overall, 111 of the 164 hospitalized splenectomy patients (68%) had received pneumococcal vaccination. Of elective splenectomy cases, only 11 of 55 (20%) had been vaccinated prior to surgery, as is currently recommended. One hundred fifty-five patients (95%) had splenectomy status mentioned in the discharge summary. However, only 35 (21%) had mention of vaccination status, 10 (6%) mention of the need for future revaccination, and only 8 (5%) notation of the possibility of future infectious risks. The rate of pneumococcal vaccination was as satisfactory as any reported in the literature to date. However, there is need for improved education in relation to the timing of vaccination and discharge summary documentation. A checklist for potential splenectomy patients may aid in improving this situation as may geographically based splenectomy registries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Oxidative neuropathology and putative chemical entities for Alzheimer's disease: neuroprotective effects of salen-manganese catalytic anti-oxidants.

Considerable evidence exists that the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease are subject to elevated levels of oxidative stress, particularly in regions exhibiting pathological damage. A major contributor to this oxidative stress appears to be the inflammatory process. Activation of rodent microglial cells by LPS or beta-amyloid peptide results in a marked up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and corresponding nitric oxide (NO) production. Elevated levels of iNOS are also observed in the brains of Alzheimer patients. The reaction of NO with superoxide leads to the generation of the highly reactive and damaging peroxynitrite free radical species. Peroxynitrite appears to play a key role in the generation of an oxidative stress in the Alzheimer brain as evidenced by widespread nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. We have employed SIN-1 as a peroxynitrite generating system in cell cultures in order to characterize the effects of this free radical on neurons. SIN-1 treatment of primary rat hippocampal neurons in culture results in neurotoxicity by a necrosis mechanism according to electron microscopic criteria. One approach to limiting peroxynitrite mediated damage is to limit superoxide production. An approach we have evaluated is treatment with salen manganese compounds, a class of catalytic antioxidant compounds which behave as superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase mimetics to detoxify superoxide. A number of such salen manganese compounds, including EUK-8 and EUK-134, can markedly protect primary rat cortical neurons from hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress. Such salen manganese compounds can similarly afford marked neuroprotection to an oxidative stress imposed by SIN-1, potentially attributable at least in part to their inherent SOD activity. The salen manganese SOD/catalase mimetics represent a promising class of catalytic antioxidant for attenuating oxidative stress.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Degranulating eosinophils in human endometriosis.

Degranulating eosinophils have been described in most endometrial cancers. We hypothesized that endometriosis (ectopic, nonneoplastic endometrial tissue) would be an appropriate model system for determining whether eosinophil degranulation is part of a specific immune response to endometrial cancer or if it is related to the more general phenomenon of tissue remodeling (wound healing) that is common to both disorders. To test this hypothesis, we performed immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to evaluate the presence of eosinophil peroxidase (a marker of eosinophil degranulation) in normal endometrium (n = 20) and endometriosis samples (n = 24) and to define the coexpression of three eosinophil chemoattractants: interleukin-5 (IL-5), eotaxin, and regulated on activator-normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). There was focally intense deposition of eosinophil peroxidase in the fibrotic connective tissue and blood vessels of 21 of 24 human endometriosis specimens; two samples showed weak staining, and only one tissue was negative for eosinophil degranulation. None of the 10 normal proliferative endometrial specimens had evidence of eosinophil degranulation, and four of 10 secretory tissues stained only weakly for eosinophil peroxidase. The presence of degranulating eosinophils was also associated with the presence of eotaxin and IL-5 in some samples and with RANTES in others. We conclude that the abundant presence of degranulating eosinophils in the fibrous regions of endometriosis supports the interpretation that eosinophils are involved in general tissue remodeling and wound healing rather than a tissue-directed immune response.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed2000

Neurohormonal responses to D-fenfluramine in healthy elderly subjects. A placebo-controlled study.

Considering age-related changes in serotonin (5HT) function, we examined normative data of prolactin (PRL) and cortisol (CORT) responses to D-fenfluramine (D-FEN) in healthy elderly subjects. Twenty-three healthy male and female volunteers aged 60-86 participated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, fixed-order, crossover-design challenge test. Two baseline PRL and CORT values and the responses of these hormones to 30 mg of oral D-FEN and placebo over a 4 h period were measured on two separate sessions. PRL and CORT responses were significantly greater following D-FEN than after placebo. Peak PRL responses (maximum change from baseline following D-FEN) were relatively robust compared to peak CORT responses. Peak PRL concentration was positively correlated with plasma D-nor-FEN concentration. Gender and aging had no effect on hormonal responses in the elderly. Although the weight adjusted dose used in this study was higher than the therapeutic dose of D-FEN, PRL responses were modest and only two participants experienced side effects. D-FEN is a safe serotonergic probe and PRL responsivity to D-FEN is a reliable index of central 5HT function in the elderly. An age-related decline in serotonergic function must be considered in determining the dose requirement for maximal hormonal responses to D-FEN challenge tests in the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

High FUS/TLS expression in acute myeloid leukaemia samples.

Retinoic acid has the ability to induce differentiation in some myeloid leukaemia cell lines and has been used to induce remission in acute promyelocytic leukaemia patients. We have analysed changes in gene expression, by differential display, in HL60 cells exposed to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for only 1 h. Only about 0.4% of the genes examined by this technique showed changes in expression level, and all four of the gene fragments identified were downregulated during the short 1 h exposure. Two of the fragments were novel, a third was MYC and the fourth was the FUS proto-oncogene. Northern analysis showed that FUS was downregulated within 1 h only during induced neutrophil differentiation but not at all during induced monocyte differentiation. Unlike the sensitive cell lines, ATRA-resistant cell lines did not show a downregulation of FUS over a 24 h period of exposure to ATRA. Using a semiquantitative PCR analysis, no difference in FUS levels was observed between ATRA-sensitive and -resistant cell lines. A similar analysis was carried out on primary acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), peripheral stem cell harvests (PBSC) and cord blood samples. The PBSC and cord blood samples had FUS levels that were similar or generally less than the cell lines. However, much higher levels were seen in 63% of the AML samples examined. The data presented are consistent with previous reports for a role for FUS in the promotion and maintenance of cellular proliferation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Apoptosis in factor-dependent haematopoietic cells is linked to calcium-sensitive mitochondrial rearrangements and cytoskeletal modulation.

Apoptosis in murine haematopoietic interleukin (IL)3-dependent cell lines is induced within 6-8 h by IL-3 withdrawal. Direct introduction of cytochrome c by electroporation induces apoptosis within 2 h and was inhibited by caspase inhibitors, such as Z-VADfmk and Z-Dfmk. We report here that apoptosis induced by IL-3 withdrawal was refractory to these inhibitors but was accompanied by striking redistribution of mitochondria, which aggregated into an area associated with centrioles without loss of Deltapsim. Both mitochondrial redistribution and apoptosis were inhibited by the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. Nocodozole, an inhibitor of microtubule assembly, also induced apoptosis, which was unaffected by caspase inhibitors. Although nocodozole did not alter mitochondrial distribution, it significantly reduced Deltapsim, and both reduction of Deltapsim and apoptosis were inhibited by ionomycin. Oligomycin, which inhibits the mitochondrial FoF1 ATPase, similarly induced apoptosis, which was unaffected by caspase inhibitors but was inhibited by ionomycin. Further, oligomycin stimulated the novel formation and release of surface membrane-derived vesicles containing mitochondria with intact Deltapsim; ionomycin also inhibited their production. In all these conditions, Bcl-2 protected cells from apoptosis. Our studies show that apoptosis induced by three very different agents shares insensitivity to caspase inhibitors, suppression by ionomycin and effects on mitochondria, which all appear to be linked to cytoskeletal/microtubule activity. They suggest that microtubules and the cytoskeleton play an important role in apoptosis through mechanisms affecting mitochondria but which are independent of cytochrome c release.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and vaccination regimens for control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Streptococcus suis coinfection of nursery pigs.

Seventy-six, crossbred, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-free pigs were weaned at 12 days of age and randomly assigned to seven groups of 10 to 11 pigs each. Pigs in group 1 served as unchallenged controls. Pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of high-virulence PRRSV isolate VR-2385 (10(4.47) 50% tissue culture infective doses per 2 ml) on day 0 of the study (30 days of age). Seven days after PRRSV challenge, pigs in groups 2 to 7 were challenged intranasally with 2 ml of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (10(8.30) CFU/2 ml). Group 2 pigs served as untreated positive controls. Antimicrobial treatments included daily intramuscular injection with 66,000 IU of procaine penicillin G per kg of body weight on days 8 to 10 (group 3), drinking water medication with 23.1 mg of tiamulin per kg during days 8 to 10 (group 4), and daily intramuscular injection of 5.0 mg of ceftiofur hydrochloride per kg on days 8 to 10 (group 5). Vaccination regimens included two intramuscular doses of an autogenous killed S. suis vaccine (group 6) prior to S. suis challenge or a single 2-ml intramuscular dose of an attenuated live PRRSV vaccine (group 7) 2 weeks prior to PRRSV challenge. Mortality was 0, 63, 45, 54, 9, 40, and 81% in groups 1 to 7, respectively. Ceftiofur treatment was the only regimen that significantly (P < 0. 05) reduced mortality associated with PRRSV and S. suis coinfection. The other treatments and vaccinations were less effective. We conclude that ceftiofur administered by injection for three consecutive days following S. suis challenge was the most effective regimen for minimizing disease associated with PRRSV and S. suis coinfection.

Animals↗