Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Boyd

Publications and source records attributed to G Boyd.

125 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Smoking, personality, and imagery preference in relation to spontaneous bilateral electrodermal activity.

Effects of smoking on spontaneous bilateral skin conductance were studied as a consequence of interactions with set and setting. Bilateral skin conductance was recorded in six men and six women who smoked and an equal number of nonsmokers on two different days. On the first day, spontaneous electrodermal activity was recorded before and after a 10-minute rest period during which half the smokers smoked a cigarette. On the second day, one week later, spontaneous activity was again recorded before and after a 10-minute rest period during which the remaining smokers smoked a cigarette. Nonsmokers did not smoke at any time. Following smoking there was a significant negative correlation between a preference for visual over nonvisual imagery and spontaneous skin conductance responsivity in the left as compared to the right hand. Correlations were significantly different in smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers showed significantly greater preferences for either visual or nonvisual imagery than nonsmokers. Nonresponding nonsmokers were higher on the psychoticism (P) scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) than responding nonsmokers. Smokers scored higher on P than nonsmokers. Interactions between personality, cognitive style, and the experimental situation, set, and setting were discussed in relation to the arousing effects of nicotine.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Middle cerebral artery transcranial Doppler velocity monitoring during orthotopic liver transplantation: changes at reperfusion--a report of six cases.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of reperfusion of the grafted liver on transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery in humans during orthotopic liver transplantation. DESIGN: Clinical study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: 6 patients scheduled for orthotopic liver transplantation. INTERVENTIONS: Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAVm) was monitored continuously using a transcranial Doppler (TCD) probe. The TCD measurements were noninvasive. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The EME TC2000S TCD probe (Nicolet, Inc., Memphis, TN) was secured to the head using a strap providing continuous measurement of MCAVm. All other data were recorded by a patient monitoring system and a respiratory gas analyzer. Averaged MCAVm increased significantly in 5 of 6 patients (p < 0.001) when pre-reperfusion and post-reperfusion values were compared. Maximum post-reperfusion values for MCAVm, pulsatility index (PI), and systolic Doppler velocity (Vs) were greater than the corresponding immediate pre-reperfusion values (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001, respectively). The increases in MCAVm cannot be explained on the basis of hypercarbia alone and were observed in the presence of systemic arterial hypotension and abrupt increases in central venous pressure, particularly at the time of graft reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: MCAVm increased with reperfusion of the grafted liver. These data suggest that multiple factors--including hypercarbia, lactic acidosis, or multiple vasoactive substances released by the grafted liver--may contribute to the observed increases in MCAVm, Vs, and PI.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

R U Y2K OK?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chronology as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

PACS pro forma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health consequences of using smokeless tobacco: summary of the Advisory Committee's report to the Surgeon General.

On March 25, 1986, the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service released a report that detailed the results of the first comprehensive, indepth review of the relationship between smokeless tobacco use and health. This review, prepared under the auspices of the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on the Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco, is summarized in this article. In the United States, smokeless tobacco is used predominantly in the forms of chewing tobacco and snuff. During the past 20 years, the production and consumption of these products have risen significantly in marked contrast to the decline in smokeless tobacco use during the first half of the century. National estimates indicate that more than 12 million persons age 12 and older in the United States used some form of smokeless tobacco in 1985, and half of these were regular users. The highest rates of smokeless tobacco use occurred among adolescent and young adult males. Examination of the relevant epidemiologic, experimental, and clinical data revealed that oral use of smokeless tobacco is a significant health risk. This behavior can cause cancer in humans, and the evidence is strongest for cancer of the oral cavity, particularly at the site of tobacco placement. Smokeless tobacco use can also lead to the development of noncancerous oral conditions, particularly, oral leukoplakias and gingival recession. Further, the levels of nicotine in the body resulting from smokeless tobacco can lead to nicotine addiction and dependence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inventory of surveys on smoking.

A review of surveys on smoking was undertaken by the Smoking, Tobacco, and Cancer Program of the National Cancer Institute as part of its planning for smoking control interventions. Eighteen surveys collecting smoking data were identified. The key persons associated with the surveys were interviewed according to a uniform protocol developed to obtain comparable data on the content, timeframe, population sample, methodology, availability of data, and mode of information dissemination of the surveys. Analysis indicated that the main variations among surveys occurred in the age range of the population sampled, the definition of smoking behavior, and the quantification of cigarettes smoked. Other issues of special interest compared in the surveys included type of cigarette smoked, attempts at smoking cessation, smokeless tobacco use, passive smoking, use of low tar and low nicotine cigarettes, and smoking among special populations (women, youth, Hispanics, and blacks). Two main areas of concern in planning, targeting, and evaluating timely and appropriate smoking behavior interventions are the lag between data collection and publication of survey results and the variability in the content and methodology of the surveys.

Adolescent↗