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Biomedical subjects

G Bohner

Publications and source records attributed to G Bohner.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Multislice computed tomographic myelography].

While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the first line modality in depicting intramedullary spinal lesions, computed tomographic (CT) myelography has gained renewed attention due to the introduction of multislice scanning (MS-CT). Compared with conventional CT, MS-CT permits rapid, high-resolution imaging of various spinal pathologies with extended scan length. Although soft tissue contrast is inferior to that with MRI, MS-CT myelography performs best in detailed assessment of osseous pathologies, 3D imaging of orthopedic and anesthesiologic implants, and showing dural leakage and causes of CSF circulation impairment. Whenever MRI is not available or contraindicated, MS-CT myelography is the method of choice for evaluating spinal lesions.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMed2005

[Autoimmune hypophysitis--two case reports].

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: Two young female patients presented with polyuria and polydipsia. In one patient we additionally found idiopathic vitiligo, there were no relevant previous diseases. The gynaecological history was unremarkable. INVESTIGATIONS: In both cases a water deprivation test confirmed the diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus, the MRI investigation of the pituitary region showed a prominent and thickened pituitary stalk. DIAGNOSIS: After exclusion of a systemic granulomatous inflammation we diagnosed an autoimmune hypophysitis based on the typical morphological lesions of the pituitary gland and stalk. TREATMENT AND FOLLOW-UP: High-dose glucocorticoid therapy was without any beneficial effect on the central diabetes insipidus. Desmopressin treatment was initiated and led to a normalization of the pre-existing polyuria and polydipsia. CONCLUSION: Autoimmune hypophysitis is a very rare disease and the diagnosis is mostly achieved by excluding other causes. Systematic evaluations on large patient cohorts are lacking in the literature with respect to diagnostic procedures, therapy and outcome, the existing knowledge and experience is largely based on case reports. For this reason it appears desirable to create a central register to collect and to evaluate the course of disease in patients with autoimmune hypophysitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Adenocarcinoma-associated nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis as the cause of recurrent strokes].

We describe a 60-year-old female patient without vascular risk factors diagnosed with cardioembolic ischemic stroke due to an atrial septal aneurysm with a right-to-left shunt. However, further investigation after recurrent strokes revealed a nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) caused by a metastatic adenocarcinoma. The presented case illustrates the difficulties in establishing the diagnosis of NBTE premortally and points out the importance of repeated echocardiographic evaluations of cardiac valves and serological examination of tumor markers in patients with recurrent strokes of unknown origin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

[Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy with ischemic leukoencephalopathy and microbleeds. Cause for a rapidly progressive dementia syndrome].

We describe a 72-year-old patient with rapidly progressive dementia and a complex focal seizure. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed leukoencephalopathy with the involvement of the U-fibers as well as cortical and subcortical microbleeds. Brain biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of cerebral Abeta amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The presented case illustrates the significance of CAA as a cause of rapidly progressive dementia and leukoencephalopathy and points out the importance of T2-weighted MR imaging in the evaluation of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Quantitative perfusion imaging by multi-slice CT in stroke patients].

OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of a parametric deconvolution algorithm (DA) in the diagnostic assessment of stroke patients by multi- slice spiral computed tomography (MS-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 patients (age range 34 - 89 years) with clinically suspected acute ischemia of one hemisphere and no infarct demarcation on plain cerebral CT underwent CT perfusion (CTP), performed on average 3.4 hours after the onset of symptoms by using MS-CT (4 x 8 mm scan volume). Using a DA-based software module, perfusion images of the cerebral blood perfusion (CBP), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT) were calculated and assessed by two readers for visually apparent perfusion abnormalities. Amount and extension of perfusion disturbances were measured and correlated with the outcome. RESULTS: Of 44 patients, in whom perfusion maps could be generated, territorial infarction was confirmed by follow-up in 22 subjects. With a sensitivity of 95 % ischemia could be detected on MTT-maps (CBP 91 %, CBV 77 %). Specificity was highest (100 %) for CBV-maps. Patients with infarction showed significant (p < 0.001) reduction of CBP (10.7 vs. 38.3 ml/100 ml/min), CBV (1.3 vs. 2.3 ml/100 ml) and prolongation of MTT (12.3 vs. 4.3 s) compared to the contralateral hemisphere, whereas in patients without infarction no significant changes were found. Extension of CBV reduction showed the best correlation (r = 0.82) with final infarct volume. CONCLUSION: The DA-based CTP protocol evaluated in this study is a suitable tool for the early identification and quantification of acute cerebral ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Using multislice spiral CT in neuroradiologic imaging].

Multislice computed tomography (MS-CT) was introduced into clinical radiology in 1999 and has shown a significant effect on various indications for computed tomography (CT) imaging in neuroradiology. Technical highlights of this new scanner type are the simultaneous data acquisition by up to four detector rows at present, an accelerated rotation time, and a reduction of the slice thickness to as low as 0.5 mm. These features account for an extended scan area, such as head and neck imaging in polytraumatized patients, detailed contrast-enhanced studies of the cervicocerebral vascular system from the carotid bifurcation to the vertex, as well as cerebral perfusion studies of a larger brain volume with an improved time resolution compared to established CT procedures. In addition, the diagnostic yield of the CT is increased with respect to several applications by reducing common image artefacts at the level of the cervicothoracic junction as well as those caused by metallic implants. Apart from improving the image quality of the primary cross-sectional slices, MS-CT significantly enhances two- and three-dimensional image reconstructions. Radiation protection is an important issue with MS-CT, especially when skull base imaging is considered.

Artifacts↗
PubMed2001

Assessment of the arteriovenous cerebrovascular system by multi-slice CT. A single-bolus, monophasic protocol.

PURPOSE: We present a protocol for the non-invasive angiographic assessment of the arterial and venous cerebrovascular (CV) system by multi-slice CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data acquisition was performed in a multi-slice CT scanner with a scan range from the carotid bifurcation to the vertex and manual scan start following i.v. administration of 120 ml iodinated contrast medium with a flow rate of 4 ml/s. This protocol was applied in 12 patients with symptoms of acute CV insuffiency. RESULTS: In all patients, comprehensive imaging of the arteriovenous CV system was achieved including the common carotid bifurcation, the third segment of the major cerebral arteries, the dural sinus and the internal cerebral veins. Various CV pathologies, such as a territorial artery occlusion, a thrombotic obstruction of the internal carotid artery, an intracranial arteriovenous malformation and a sinus vein thrombosis, were successfully evaluated. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive assessment of the arteriovenous CV system is possible by the use of a single-bolus, monophasic multi-slice scan technique.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Writing about rape: use of the passive voice and other distancing text features as an expression of perceived responsibility of the victim.

The hypothesis that the passive voice is used to put the actor in the background and the acted-upon person in the focus of discourse is tested in the realm of sexual violence. German university students (N = 67) watched a silent video segment depicting a rape whose circumstances, depending on condition, could or could not be easily interpreted in terms of rape myths. Then they wrote down what they had seen, judged the responsibility of assailant and victim, and completed a rape-myth acceptance scale. Participants used the passive voice more frequently to describe the rape itself vs. other actions they had watched. When circumstances of the rape were easily interpretable in terms of rape myths, use of the passive voice correlated positively with rape-myth acceptance and perceived responsibility of the victim, and negatively with perceived responsibility of the assailant. The language of headlines that participants generated for their reports also reflected judgments of assailant and victim responsibility. Implications for the non-reactive assessment of responsibility attributions and directions for future research are discussed.

Adult↗