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Biomedical subjects

G Bianchi

Publications and source records attributed to G Bianchi.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Tubuloglomerular feedback in hypertensive rats of the Milan strain.

In rats of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) the disease can be transplanted with the kidney to rats of the Milan normotensive strain (MNS). It has been found that GFR, salt and volume regulation differ between MHS and MNS rats. Tubuloglomerular feedback control mechanism (TGF) is important for body volume regulation and we therefore wanted to study the TGF control in MHS and MNS rats. Whole kidney and micropuncture experiments were done before and during saline volume expansion (5% of body weight). In an initial series of experiments measurements were made of total kidney GFR, urine excretion rate of sodium and potassium and subcapsular interstitial hydrostatic pressure (psc); interstitial oncotic pressure (pi int) was estimated from hilar lymph protein concentration. In a second series, proximal tubular stop-flow pressure (psf) was determined upstream from a wax block while the distal nephron was being perfused with Ringer solution at a flow rate varying from 0 to 40 nl X min-1. In this way the maximal drop in stop-flow pressure (delta psf) and also the turning point (TP), the tubular flow rate at which 50% of this response was achieved, could be determined after saline volume expansion and after 2 h of complete ureteral occlusion. The results showed that GFR was similar in MHS and MNS rats in the control situation, but that during volume expansion it was significantly lower in the MHS group. Interstitial psc and pi int and net interstitial pressure (psc - pi int) were similar in MHS and MNS rats both under control conditions and during volume expansion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hypertension in man with a kidney transplant: role of familial versus other factors.

Genetic factors are clearly involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in man. In at least three rat models of genetic hypertension it is possible to transplant the hypertension with the kidney. To see whether or not the same is true for humans, we carried out a 2-year retrospective study of 50 selected recipients of a cadaver kidney. We correlated the following factors by multivariate statistical analyses: presence or absence of hypertension in the family of donor and recipients; donor's and recipient's age; mean blood pressure (MBP) and antihypertensive therapy (AHT) score during dialysis; months of dialysis and body surface before transplantation; body weight, plasma creatinine, prednisone dosage and cumulative rejections with MBP and AHT score at various time intervals after transplantation. The results obtained showed that, considering the recipients coming from normotensive families, the AHT score after transplantation was significantly greater (p less than 0.05 1st and p less than 0.01 2nd year) in the patients receiving a kidney removed from donors with hypertensive families than in patients receiving a kidney removed from donors with normotensive families. This difference was not present when the recipients coming from hypertensive parents were considered. AHT score after transplantation is also correlated with AHT score on dialysis (p less than 0.01 1st and 2nd year), body weight (p less than 0.02 1st and p less than 0.01 2nd year), cumulative rejections (p less than 0.025 1st and 2nd year) and inverse MBP after dialysis (p less than 0.025 2nd year).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Why is [Ca2+]i increased in blood cells in primary hypertension?

In order to explore a previously observed association between raised blood cell cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]i and primary hypertension, resting levels of [Ca2+]i in the Milan hypertensive rat strain (MHS) were measured. The [Ca2+]i was increased significantly at 7 weeks in MHS (116 +/- 8 versus 93 +/- 6 mumol/l, P < 0.005, n = 7) and non-significantly at 5 weeks (109 +/- 7 versus 85 +/- 9 mumol/l, n = 5). In Okamoto-Aoki spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), calcium fluxes were measured with Quin 2 in platelets and lymphocytes. Calcium influx was measured during calcium-pump inhibition either with vanadate or ATP-depletion. Influx was increased in vanadate-treated (but not in ATP-depleted) cells of SHR. This suggests an ATP dependence of calcium influx in blood cells which is more pronounced in SHR. Calcium efflux was determined when the influx was stopped by external EGTA. Calcium efflux was [Ca2+]i-dependent and was moderately increased in SHR. The faster efflux in SHR was due to higher [Ca2+]i. The [Ca2+]i-dependency of calcium efflux was comparable in SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. These results suggest that a slight but significant rise of cytosolic calcium occurs in blood cells in primary hypertension. In Okamoto-Aoki SHR this rise was due to a higher calcium entry rate.

Aminoquinolines↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of asthma syndromes in pediatric patients using a combination of a beta 2-stimulant drug and a histamine antagonist.

Forty asthmatic children were treated either with a combination of salbutamol plus oxatomide (20 cases) or with salbutamol alone (20 cases) for purposes of comparison. Better results were obtained with the combination, which produced an improvement in respiratory function, at the same time preventing dyspnoea attacks. The therapeutic results were very good in 95% of the cases treated. The combination was very well tolerated in 100% of cases, whereas the bronchodilator alone was well tolerated only in 75% of cases, 5 cases showing signs of restlessness, which disappeared on reducing the dose.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacological studies of N-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-6-(4-morpholinyl)-3-pyridazinamine hydrochloride (MDL-899), a new long-acting antihypertensive vasodilator.

N-(2,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-6-(4-morpholinyl)-3-pyridazinamine hydrochloride (MDL-899) is a new long-acting antihypertensive vasodilator which reduces the blood pressure of conscious hypertensive rats and dogs to normal levels. The oral doses that reduce blood pressure by 50 mmHg are: 4.4 mg/kg in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 18 mg/kg in conscious Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) and 1.7 mg/kg in conscious renal hypertensive dog (RHD). The i.v. doses are 1.26, 3.2 and 0.9 mg/kg. The reduction in blood pressure is slow (peak effect at 3 h) and long-lasting (more than 7 h) after p.o. or i.v. administration. Tolerance to MDL-899 is seen to develop in hypertensive dogs, whereas in hypertensive rats this phenomenon never occurs. The compound antagonizes the development of hypertension when given to SHR between days 25 and 88. The haemodynamic study in conscious normotensive rats (labelled microspheres) demonstrated that the fall in blood pressure is accompanied by increases in heart rate and cardiac output and a decrease in total peripheral resistance. The lack of alpha-blocking activity, in the rat caudal artery "in vitro"; beta 2-stimulating activity, in SHR pretreated with propranolol, and prostaglandin (PG) release activity, in SHR pretreated with indomethacin, excludes the possibility that the hypotension is due to one of these mechanisms. MDL-899 given orally to rats has no important depressant effects on the CNS at hypotensive or higher doses and induces no adrenergic system stimulation symptoms (midriasis, exophthalmus). In comparison with hydralazine, it is slower in onset and longer lasting, devoid of adrenergic system stimulation, less toxic and nonmutagenic. They are equipotent after p.o. treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Multivalent treatment of skin diseases in infants and young children.

Forty-two infants and young children with skin diseases of various kinds were treated by the simultaneous application of a combination of three creams, the respective ingredients of which were beclomethasone dipropionate, sodium fusidate and ketoconazole. The treatment produced good results in 97.6% of cases, with eradication of pathogenic agents and satisfactory relief of symptoms. The combination was well tolerated in almost all cases, both locally and systemically, and no adverse reactions were reported.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

[Malignant lymphoma with primary bladder localization].

The malignant lymphoma with primary localisation in the urinary bladder rarely occurs in the clinic. The therapy essentially depends on the position and the extension of the tumour. Despite their malignity these tumours seem, however, to have a relatively good prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Lyme disease in Italy: first reported case.

The AA describe the first italian case of Lyme Disease in a middle aged woman: the patient developed after a tick bite the classical erythema chronicum migrans lesions and one month later an oligoarthritis. By indirect immunofluorescence assay it has been found a significant titre compatible with an infection by Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme Disease.

Bites and Stings↗
PubMed1985

[Primary retroperitoneal seminoma (description of a case)].

The authors report a case of retroperitoneal seminoma without evidence of testicular involvement. The literature has been reviewed and the etiopathogenetic theories of these tumors and the current therapeutic views are discussed.

Castration↗
PubMed1985

Involvement of peripheral dopamine receptors in the antihypertensive effect of a new ergoline derivative (355/1057).

Oral administration of a new ergoline derivative (355/1057) produced a sustained arterial hypotension in conscious SHR rats. This effect was inhibited by the centrally acting DA blockers haloperidol and pimozide and by domperidone, a DA antagonist that does not cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand it was unaffected by alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockers or by indomethacin. Moreover, the hypertension induced by 355/1057 in pithed SHR rats was reversed to hypotension when its alpha-adrenoceptor stimulant activity was inhibited by yohimbine. In anesthetized dogs the hypotensive activity of 355/1057 was abolished by pimozide but not by propranolol. In anesthetized cats, pretreatment with haloperidol prevented both the hypotensive activity of 355/1057 and its inhibitory effect on sympathetic nerve activity. These overall data suggest that 355/1057 lowers blood pressure in different species mainly by stimulating peripheral dopamine receptors.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1985

[Psychological aspects of requests for artificial insemination using a donor. Data on 740 couples].

The authors present the problems that have been raised by psychologically interviewing 740 couples who ask for A.I.D. They describe the procedure that they adopted and the features that came up during the interview and particularly in the way the couples experienced their sterility. They conclude by pointing out how important a consultation is, both from the point of view of evaluating the couple psychologically in regard to the treatment and from the point of view of clarifying the needs, the doubts and the expectations that the two partners have when they decide to undertake A.I.D.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Intracellular electrolyte composition in various experimental models of hypertension: an electron microprobe study.

Changes in the intracellular ionic composition in the three models of hypertension studied are not uniform in the cells of the various organs. The composition differs not only from organ to organ, but even among the various cell types within the same organ. Marked differences--even diametrically opposite changes--in the intracellular Na concentration can be detected in the various models of hypertension studied. Hence, one cannot expect to draw a simple unifying hypothesis from an analysis of the changes in intracellular electrolyte concentrations occurring in hypertension. A more quantitative analysis of the intracellular ionic composition in other cells, particularly in vascular cells, is needed to define the characteristics of the various types of hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Genetic hypertension and the kidney.

The relationship between the kidney and genetic hypertension has been assessed in light of the changes seen in some kidney and cell functions during the phases preceding and accompanying the development of "genetic" types of hypertension in rats and humans. Comparison of the kidney function of normotensive subjects likely to develop hypertension with that of matched controls resistant to hypertension showed, in the former, a higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR), greater tubular reabsorption, larger 24-h urinary output, larger fraction of cardiac output to the kidney, and lower plasma renin activity. After the transplantation of a kidney from a subject in the hypertension-prone group, recipients had higher blood pressure and required more antihypertensive therapy than recipients of kidneys from the hypertension-resistant group. In humans this finding is not as clear as in rats. During the development of hypertension most of these differences in kidney function in the two groups of subjects tend to disappear. The changes in cell function, measured particularly in rats, were consistent with the organ function changes. Cell volume and sodium content were lower, while the transport rate across the cell membrane was faster in proximal tubular cells of rats with genetic hypertension than in the appropriate controls. This is in keeping with the concept of a primary increase in proximal tubular reabsorption leading, on the one hand, to an increase in GFR and renal blood flow and a decrease in renin and, on the other, to an increase in blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗