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Biomedical subjects

G Berthelot

Publications and source records attributed to G Berthelot.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Study of the diffusion of cefotiam in the bronchial secretions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration in the bronchial secretions of a new injectable cephalosporin, cefotiam, which is characterized by an excellent antibacterial activity, stability against beta-lactamases and interesting pharmacokinetic properties. 30 patients suffering from acute exacerbation of a chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with expectoration, received either 1 g i. v. of cefotiam in a single dose or four doses of 1 g each over a period of 3 days. The bronchial secretion samples were obtained by fibroscopy, 1, 2, or 4 h after the last dose, in order to evaluate the kinetics of the bronchial concentration of cefotiam. Blood samples were taken simultaneously in order to establish a possible correlation between the bronchial and serum levels of the drug. The results of the study show a rapid and significant transfer of the drug through the bronchoalveolar capillaries, elevated bronchial concentrations starting from the 2nd h, reaching 10 micrograms/ml (or more) in certain cases, slow elimination with bronchial concentrations persisting at high levels for up to 4 h and a ratio between bronchial and serum concentrations of 25-60% at the 2nd h and more than 100% at the 3rd and 4th h. These results confirm the excellent diffusion of cefotiam, especially in the respiratory tract, allowing bronchial levels largely superior to the minimum inhibitory concentrations required to kill the bacteria usually responsible for lower respiratory tract infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[A study of the diffusion of cefamandole into bronchial secretions (author's transl)].

The penetration of cefamandole into bronchial secretions was investigated in 5 tracheostomized patients with respiratory tract infections and purulent or mucopurulent expectorations. Bronchial secretions were collected by aspiration through the cannula at successive predetermined times after an intravenous injection of 1.5 g of the drug. Cefamandole concentrations in simultaneous samples of serum and bronchial secretions were measured by the agar diffusion microbiological method. Useful concentrations of cefamandole were obtained in bronchial secretions, with an early peak (mean: 1.97 microgram/ml; range: 0.5 -- 4.6 microgram/ml) one hour after the injection. The ratio of bronchial concentration to simultaneous serum concentration reached 24% six hours after the injection. These results show that cefamandole achieves bronchial concentrations which are superior, or at least equal, to the MICs of organisms responsible for respiratory infections. This and the resistance of cefamandole to beta -lactamases suggest that this second generation cephalosporin can be valuable in acute bronchopulmonary infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Sub-umbilical laparotomy by supra-pubic disinsertion of the abdominal rectus muscles (Cherney's incision). 220 cases (author's transl)].

Used in pelvic surgery in women, supra-pubic disinsertion of the rectus muscles, combining a satisfactory aesthetic result, comfort and the possibility of enlargement, was associated with a minimum of complications (4 haematomas, 4 hernias and 2 cases of breakdown) and would be suitable as a routine approach in surgery of this type.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1979

Penetration of ampicillin into human bronchial secretions.

Ampicillin concentrations in serum and bronchial secretions after oral administration of bacampicillin were evaluated. Twenty-eight hospitalized patients with acute bronchopulmonary infections received a single dose of 800 mg of bacampicillin. Samples of bronchial secretions were obtained during diagnostic bronchoscopy and blood samples were drawn simultaneously. Significant concentrations of ampicillin were found in bronchial secretions, the peak level, reached after approximately two hours, being 0.27 micrograms/ml on an average. The penetration of ampicillin into the bronchial secretions after the administration of bacampicillin could be correlated with the degree of bronchial inflammation, as illustrated either by macroscopic purulence or protein concentration in the secretions. The results suggest that bacampicillin is a useful drug in acute bronchopulmonary infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacokinetic study of antibiotics in human respiratory tract (author's transl)].

We report the results of the study of the bronchial concentrations of several antibiotics. The experiment included 280 patients and the concentrations achieved in bronchial secretions were measured for 11 antibiotics. The samples of bronchial secretions were taken in situ by fibroscopy or through the tracheostomy cannula. The results of the study show that the rate of penetration is variable according to the different drugs; even in the same antibiotic family such as beta-lactam antibiotics the rate of penetration is variable. The bronchial levels of aminoglycosides, macrolides and tetracyclines are worthwhile, and are often superior to the MIC of the infecting organisms; the penetration is also dependant of the inflammatory conditions of the bronchi. Otherwise the sampling conditions were the best possible since samples taken by fibroscopy or by tracheostomy are not contaminated by saliva which is a factor of dilutional error. The methodology used in this study is an approach of pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in respiratory tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Pull-through procedure for carcinoma of the rectum. Results of 65 operations (author's transl)].

These sixty five cases of abdomino-trans anal excision account for approximately one third of 210 operations performed for carcinoma of the rectum. In the context of curative surgery, indications for preservation of the sphincter must be strict in order to permit satisfactory excision inferior to the tumour and to avoid the risk of local recurrence. Post-operative care and early complications involve the segment of colon which must be brought down. Gangrene of the exteriorised colon did not, in general, compromise the definitive result, at the price of an early colostomy which could always be closed later. Long term results are encouraging: 22 patients out of 26 who underwent non-palliative surgery are alive, without recurrence, after 5 years. The functional result can be assessed only after 6 months adaptation. One patient in two considers himself to be normal. The other half are forced to used enemas, and one in four must wear a protective dressing.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

[The influence of rifampicin upon the metabolism of isoniazid (author's transl)].

The authors sought to determine whether the combination of rifampicin and isoniazid altered the rate of acetylation of the latter drug by possible hepatic involvement. INH inactivation and transaminase levels were studied in 36 patients with tuberculosis, before and after 30 days of treatment with a combination of INH in a dose of 5 to 7 mg/kg/day and rifampicin in a dose of 600 mg/day. The results failed to confirm such a hypothesis since, whatever the phenotype of inactivation, no significant difference was seen between residual INH levels at 3 and 6 hours, before and after treatment, nor any significant increase in transaminases.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetic study of beta-lactam antibiotics in bronchial secretions.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the concentrations obtained in serum and bronchial secretions after administration of five beta-lactam antibiotics: cephradin (1 g per os) and cefoxitin (2 g i.v. infusion), amoxycillin (1.0 g per os), bacampicillin (0.4 g and 0.8 g per os) and ampicillin (1.0 g per os). 123 adult patients were included in the study and received a single dose of the tested drug. Serum and mucus samples were collected simultaneously 30 minutes, 1, 2 or 4 hours after administration of the drugs. Mucus samples were taken by fibroscopy but in some patients the samples were collected through a tracheostomy cannula which allowed sampling at different time intervals. The results show that the concentrations of penicillins in bronchial secretions increase progressively between one and four hours after administration of the drugs. Bronchial levels obtained after oral administration of ampicillin are low, not more than 5 to 10% of serum levels. The other antibiotics tested show worthwhile concentrations in bronchial secretions, especially with cephalosporins and bacampicillin which exhibits higher serum and bronchial concentrations than ampicillin.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coelioscopic cholecystectomy: experience with 2006 cases.

2006 laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC) were performed from April 1988 to December 1992 by three senior surgeons using the French technique and selective intraoperative cholangiography (IOC). Obesity was present in 318 patients (15.8%), respiratory insufficiency in 75 (3.7%), inflammation in 251 (12.5%), and common bile duct (CBD) stones in 83 (4.1%). The presence of these additional ailments is a good indication for LC. Conversion to laparotomy occurred in 43 cases (2.1%). The rate of complications was 2%; 25 (1.25%) were nonbiliary complications and 15 (0.7%) were biliary-related; there was one death. IOC is not effective in preventing biliary complications, as those observed in this study would not have been recognized or avoided by it. IOC is carried out only selectively to locate unsuspected stones in patients with risk factors of CBD lithiasis. Laparoscopic treatment of CBD stones is still controversial.

Adolescent↗