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Biomedical subjects

G Benoit

Publications and source records attributed to G Benoit.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Anatomy of the prostatic nerves.

The entire prostate of a 10 year old boy was cut with a microtome in to 4300 serial slices. The nerves were stained using a monoclonal antibody called anti PS 100. All information was recorded using a computer reconstruction programme. The prostatic nerve supply is very abundant. The nerve fibers of the cranial prostate (central zone) follow a pathway parallel to the anterior surface of the seminal vesicles going towards the caudal prostate. The periurethral zone is widely innervated by nerves arising from the periphery. The caudal prostate also contains many nerve fibers of variable size. We identified many nerve fibers along the anterior surface of the seminal vesicles and surrounding the lateral aspect of the prostatic capsule. They penetrate the capsule and the whole circumference of the caudal prostate. The prostatic capsule is covered by numerous nerve fibers and ganglia, which form a true periprostatic nerve network. The urethra is supplied by numerous thick fibers of more than 30 microns in diameter.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Telemetric monitoring of intracavernous pressure in freely moving rats during copulation.

Changes in intracavernous pressure (ICP) were recorded in freely moving rats by means of a catheter implanted in the corpus cavernosum and connected to a pressure transducer located subcutaneously. Intracavernous pressure changes and copulatory events (mounts, intromissions and ejaculations) were recorded during several overnight testing sessions with 12 rats in the presence of receptive females. Video recordings of sexual behavior in the implanted and nonimplanted rats revealed that the ICP device did not impair copulatory behavior. Comparison between copulatory behavior and ICP changes revealed that ICP profiles could identify the number of intromissions and ejaculations as well as the timing of these events. The results showed that during mounts, intromissions and ejaculations, ICP increases were 36.9 mm. Hg, 62 mm. Hg and 106.3 mm. Hg in 4 rats. The increases in ICP during mounts and intromissions appeared higher in sexually experienced as compared with sexually naive rats. These results demonstrate the reliability of the telemetric measurement of ICP in freely moving rats under natural physiological conditions. The model provides quantitative data for research on the neurophysiology of penile erection and evaluation of oral treatments for impotence.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Developmental expression of DNA methyltransferase messenger ribonucleic acid, protein, and enzyme activity in the mouse testis.

Sex- and sequence-specific patterns of methylation of mammalian DNA are established during gametogenesis and are believed to be important for genomic imprinting and developmental gene regulation. DNA methylation in mammalian cells is performed predominantly by the enzyme DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNA MTase). For a better understanding of how DNA methylation events are regulated during spermatogenesis, a developmental study comparing the expression of DNA MTase mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity was performed. Northern and Western blotting and enzyme activity assays were carried out on testes and purified populations of cells from the testes of mice aged 6-70 days. The 5.2-kb DNA MTase transcript was most abundant in testes of mice aged 6-10 days (2-3-fold the 70-day values); it had decreased in abundance by 40% by Day 20 and reached steady adult levels by 63 days. On Western blot analysis, developmental changes in the relative abundance of DNA MTase protein paralleled the changes seen in mRNA concentrations. DNA MTase enzyme activity in the testis was highest at 6 days of age (10-fold the 70-day values); it had decreased by more than 65% by 20 days and reached steady adult levels at 35 days. Analysis of purified germ cells from the adult testis revealed high levels of expression of both DNA MTase mRNA and protein in haploid round spermatids. In conclusion, DNA MTase is clearly developmentally regulated during spermatogenesis at the level of mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity. These results argue for an important role for this DNA-methylating enzyme during spermatogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[Cytopuncture: an alternative to pelviscopy in the diagnosis of lymphatic metastases of urologic pelvic tumors].

119 patients with prostatic or vesical tumours without metastases were studied by lymphography-aspiration cytology to detect lymph node metastases. 12% of aspiration cytologies were uninterpretable, corresponding to N-patients. 12% of the 105 interpretable cases were positive. Some of the patients with negative biopsies were treated nonsurgically. 28 bladder tumours were treated intravesically. 11 prostatic cancers were treated by radiotherapy and 63 patients underwent surgical resection. These 63 patients had an interpretable aspiration cytology and surgical control. Aspiration cytology was falsely negative in 7 cases: 4 microscopic metastases and 3 macroscopic metastases. The sensitivity of aspiration cytology after lymphography is 66% and its specificity is 100%. The positive predictive value is 100% and the negative predictive value is 92.3%. These 7 false-negative results included 3 macroscopic metastases already identified on CT scan and 4 micrometastases in which surgical resection was legitimate.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Incidence of vascular complications in kidney transplantation: is there any interference with the nature of the perfusion solution?

Two non-randomized groups of 100 kidney transplants each were compared in relation to the flush-out solution used. The two groups were similar with the exceptions of the number of multiple artery kidneys and the proportion of kidneys procured in our center. The rate of vascular complications such as arterial venous thrombosis and renal artery stenosis was higher in the Eurocollins (19) group than in the UW group (4) p < 0.01, even if the multiple artery kidneys are excluded. These results need to be confirmed by a randomized study but it is clear that the use of the UW solution leads to a better arterial flow with fewer vascular complications.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1993

Gastrointestinal complications in renal transplantation.

One wonders whether the use of cyclosporin, histamine receptor antagonists, low doses of steroids, and early diagnosis and treatment actually modify the incidence, morbidity, and mortality of gastrointestinal (GI) and pancreatic complications in renal transplantation. To find out, we reviewed 614 kidney transplant recipients between January 1984 and December 1988. One hundred patients (16.2%) were found to have GI and/or pancreatic complications in the following distribution: 9.6% gastroduodenal, 1.3% pancreatic, 4% colonic, and 0.4% small bowel. None of the patients presenting a gastroduodenal ulcer had perforation or bleeding. Fifty-five percent of the patients with this complication had a past history of eso-gastroduodenal disease, compared to 19.6% in recipients without gastroduodenal complications. Some 4.4% of the patients had a small bowel or a colonic complication and four died of peritonitis due to bowel perforation. Mortality was 35% in those having intestinal resection and/or perforation with peritonitis. Sixteen percent of patients with colonic complications had a known history of diverticula, compared to 3% for those without colonic complications. The incidence of GI and/or pancreatic complications in renal transplant recipients remains high and has caused 1.1% of the deaths in our series. Mortality is essentially due to upper GI bleeding, peritonitis following perforation, and infectious colitis. Better detection of gastroduodenal and colonic disease before transplantation seems to be mandatory. Prevention with histamine H2 receptor antagonists and early surgical treatment of complicated colonic diverticula help to reduce the morbidity and mortality in kidney graft recipients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Reflections and suggestions on the nomenclature of the prostate.

The prostate has been given different and contradictory nomenclatures. The nomenclature of the normal prostatic gland must allow for the concepts of comparative anatomy, human anatomy and pathologic anatomy. The object of this study, based on a review of the literature, is to analyse the discordant terminologies, which give rise to misunderstandings, and to suggest a simple nomenclature conformant to anatomic rules and the descriptions of leading authors. It seems necessary to suggest a schema utilising the studies of comparative anatomists and the original descriptions of Albarran and correlating all this information. One must distinguish between the prostate, the prostatic gland and the periprostatic fibromuscular tissue. The central glands are those situated at the center of the prostate in the urethral wall. The prostatic glands themselves are found around the urethra. Within these glands there is a distinction between the cranial glands situated around the ejaculatory ducts, which drain above the seminal colliculus, and the caudal glands situated below the ejaculatory ducts which drain into the urethra below the colliculus. Between the wall of the urethra which contains the central glands and the peripheral glands is the transitional zone.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Percutaneous antegrade dilation of ureteral strictures in kidney transplants.

Transplant ureteral stricture can be treated by either incisional surgery or percutaneous endoluminal dilation. We present 17 cases of percutaneous antegrade endoluminal dilation. The results of this procedure were satisfactory, with a 70% success rate that seems to be maintained during long-term followup. The results were better if dilation was done on a short and recent juxta-anastomotic stricture stented with a 10F Double-J* catheter for 2 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Calculi of the ilio-pelvic ureter: therapeutic approach and importance of ureteroscopy regarding 200 cases].

The authors report their experience of 200 consecutive emergency admissions for iliopelvic uteric stones. 82 patients (41%) eliminated their stones with medical treatment. 118 patients (59%) required ureteroscopic treatment either by immediate basket extraction (n = 58) or by contact fragmentation (pulsed laser = 57, ultrasound = 1, electrohydraulic catheter = 2). 6 failures were observed and one case of distant ureteric stenosis was successfully treated by balloon dilatation. This therapeutic approach cured 187 (93.5%) of the patients of their stones within an average of 8 days (82 "spontaneous", 105 "endourological") with a mean hospital stay of 2.3 days and 2.7 days, respectively. Ureteroscopy had a success rate of 95% and appears to be the most effective treatment, but the medical option remains the basic treatment for stones of the lower ureter.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Ectopic prostatic polyp in the bladder. Report of 2 cases].

An ectopic prostatic polyp situated in the bladder is a rare cause of terminal haematuria. The authors present an extensive review of the literature concerning this lesion which must be recognised not only by histologists, responsible for establishing the diagnosis, but also by urologists, who must be aware of its benign nature.

Aged↗