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Biomedical subjects

G Bellinghieri

Publications and source records attributed to G Bellinghieri.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Influence of various dialyzers on acid-base balance in hemodialysis].

Various dialyzers and acid-base balance in haemodialysis: 12 patients aged 32 to 52 years in periodic haemodialysis (4hx3) with residue diuresis absent, were examined during four trimestrial cycles with four different dialyzers (Nephross 16 F I60, Gambro Lundia Optima I3,5 micron, RP 5I0, Vita 2). The acid-base balance was examined 30 days after starting of each cycle. The results are reported and discussed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1978

[Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Role of the prostaglandins].

PRA (in the supine and erect subject) and urinary sodium before and after acute treatment (100 mg i.m.) and chronic treatment (100 mg per os for 8 days) were examined in two groups of subjects with no signs of cardiovascular or renal disease. It was found that indomethacin, which is a well-known inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, reduced PRA levels in basal conditions and as a result of postural stimulation, without causing any appreciable change in urinary sodium. Regulation of the PRA on the part of the renal prostaglandins is postulated and its probable mechanisms discussed.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypertension in dialysis patients.

Hypertension is a major risk for cardiovascular complications in dialysis patients. The pathogenesis of hypertension is multifactorial and is not completely understood. Hypervolemia has always been considered a major pathogenetic factor. In addition, a disturbed hormone profile with an activated renin angiotensin system, increased catecholamine, vasopressin and endothelin, and perhaps decreased nitrous oxide activity seem to play a role in the high incidence of hypertension in dialysis patients. The influence of autonomic dysfunction on blood pressure control in hemodialysis patients is not clear. The frequent use of erythropoietin during the last decade may have contributed to the increased incidence of hypertension in the dialysis population. Data from the First Report on Dialysis and Transplant in Sicily showed that hypertension is the cause of end-stage renal disease in 8% of dialysis patients and that the incidence of hypertension, as a cause of end-stage renal disease, increased with age.

Blood Volume↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Involvement of interleukin-18 in patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

Maintenance dialysis induces a clinical state of immunodeficiency. The pathway of circulating T cells from haemodialyzed patients is changed and characterized by an increase of Th1 cells. The unbalanced T helper differentiation derives from an altered regulation of interleukin-12 (IL-12), which represents an important inducer of Th1. IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine expressed by a variety of cell types that is structurally related to the Th1 family and shares biological properties with IL-12 as the promotion of Th1 responses. To explain the involvement of IL-18 in the typical disorders of dialysis, we analyzed IL-18 serum levels in a group of haemodialyzed patients. We enrolled 16 patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) treatment for end-stage renal failure and 16 healthy volunteers as the control group. IL-18 levels were assessed by immunoenzymatic methods (detection limit was <12.5 pg/ml). HD patients strongly showed higher IL-18 serum levels compared to healthy donors (508.47 +/- 314.39 vs. 193.44 +/- 56.33 pg/ml, p < 0.005). Moreover, IL-18 levels in HD directly correlated to dialytic age (Rho = 0.544, p = 0.0419) and indirectly to Kt/V (Rho = 0.703, p = 0.0086). Our data represent the first evidence of the relation between IL-18 serum levels and HD. In the light of our results, we think that the unbalanced T helper differentiation may depend, at least in part, on an abnormality in the IL-18 production.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Therapy of kidney diseases in poor people in France during the 18th century.

The idea of using simple and easily available remedies to treat different diseases is typical of ancient medicine and one of the first examples can be found in Galen's works. This type of Medicine was called ""Medicine for the poor"" in the 18th century. This expression refers to the use of simple substances, available in nature, like plants, herbs, flowers, fruit, minerals etc, to treat some of the more common diseases. Evidence of this tendency in the early 18th century is a textbook of Medicine written in France by Dubé in 1669. This work has been reprinted several times, and translated from French into English in 1704 and into Italian in 1715 by Sebastiano Castellini. In his work Dubè describes the therapeutic remedies made with natural substances. Some of these substances were used to treat renal diseases, in particular nephrolithiasis, kidney and bladder inflammatory disease, renal ulcer, dysuria and incontinence.

France↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Italian Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation: 1996-2001 experience].

The Italian Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation (RIDT) was born in 1996 under the aegis of the Italian Society of Nephrology, and it is organized as a federation of regional registries. This study aimed to completely revise the epidemiological data collected during the first 5 yrs (1996-2001) of RIDT activity to evaluate the trends of the main epidemiological features. During this period, regional registries were not always able to assure complete and exhaustive information according to RIDT requirements, owing to different levels of organization and functioning. To avoid any possible error in data analysis, information inadequately assessed was refused. The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Italy has increased from 114 pmp in 1996 to 139 pmp in 2001, that means an increase of 3.5%/yr, corresponding to 5718 patients during 1996 and 8000 patients during 2001. Primary renal diseases (according to the EDTA) in incident ESRD patients are vascular and diabetic nephropathy. Main dialysis modality in incident patients was hemodialysis (HD) (85%), while peritoneal dialysis (PD) was only 15%; pre-emptive transplantation was a very unusual modality. The prevalence of ESRD patients at 31 December was 693 pmp in 1996 and 827 pmp in 2001; among dialysis patients, the corresponding rates were 575 pmp and 657 pmp, respectively. Consequently, the number of dialyzed patients increased, respectively, from 28892 to 37919. The prevalent dialysis modality was bicarbonate dialysis in 74% of cases, followed by hemodiafiltration (HDF) in 15%, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 7% and APD in 3%. The gross mortality rate in dialyzed patients was stable during this period, at approximately 14%, the main causes of death being cardiovascular diseases and cachexia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evolution of the classification of acute and chronic transplant rejection].

In the last twenty years, several systems have been proposed to codify renal allograft rejection. The Banff classification for kidney allograft pathology, introduced in 1993, started a new era in the standardization of criteria for rejection and for allowing uniform reporting. This consensus on allograft grading proposed a scheme to guide therapy in transplant patients and to help establish an objective rejection end point in clinical trials. This scheme, modified during 1993-1997 to address many of the criticisms, was substantially improved. Another important system of classification of allograft renal biopsies was the Cooperative Clinical Trials in Transplantation (CCTT) classification which was published in 1997. The aim of this system was to develop a schema that would be practical to implement, easy to describe to unfamiliar personnel, reproducible, with high rates of sensitivity and specificity and clinically informative (predictive of course and/or response to therapy). In March 1997, a fundamental revision of the Banff classification for acute rejection was achieved by a consensus conference for incorporating many of the strengths of the CCTT system. Some of these were the importance of vascular damage (endoarteritis, endothelial activation, fibrinoid necrosis) and interstitial hemorrhage, but not the interstitial infiltrate or tubulitis, which correlated with response to anti-rejection therapy and/or 1 year clinical outcome. The most recent modification concerns the addition of C4d-positive acute humoral rejection and the emphasis on differences between cell-mediated and antibody-mediated rejections. Future refinements of these classifications and findings of new molecular markers of allograft rejection, such as fas-ligand or granzyme-B, will help to improve diagnosis and therapy in renal transplant patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in chronic uraemics on haemodialysis.

A battery of cardiovascular reflex tests were performed in 35 patients with chronic renal failure on intermittent haemodialysis. An impairment of parasympathetic control was found isolated (14%) or combined with a damage of sympathetic control of cardiovascular system (26%). Moreover, maximum conduction velocity along sensory and motor fibres of posterior tibial nerve was measured in 21 patients. Autonomic dysfunction and somatic neuropathy did not appear strictly related.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age-dependent occurrence of autonomic dysfunction in chronic uraemia.

A battery of cardiovascular reflex tests were performed in twenty patients with chronic renal failure on intermittent haemodialysis. Using age-adjusted confidence limits, old-aged uraemics showed more extensive parasympathetic and sympathetic dysfunction than middle-aged patients. The results suggest that autonomic nervous system in the elderly is more susceptible to uraemic toxins than in the middle age. This should lead to better preventive and therapeutic strategies in older uraemics.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uremic vagal neuropathy: has parathyroid hormone a pathogenetic role?

Cardiac vagal reflexes were investigated in 19 dialysis patients, with the aim of verifying whether parathyroid hormone, proposed as an important uremic neurotoxin, plays a role in the development of uremic vagal neuropathy. The results indicate that parasympathetic control of heart function is frequently impaired in uremics. Plasma parathyroid hormone levels were significantly correlated with the time on dialysis. However, a correlation between autonomic disturbances and plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations was not found in this study.

Adult↗