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Biomedical subjects

G Bell

Publications and source records attributed to G Bell.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

How willing are general practitioners to manage narcotic misuse?

In 1989 a self-administered questionnaire concerning current management of, attitudes to, and knowledge of, narcotic misuse was completed by 206 Inner London general practitioners. Results showed that whilst over three quarters were prepared to offer patients supportive interviews, few were willing to prescribe for them, most preferring to refer to specialist facilities. Only 33 respondents had received adequate training in the management of narcotic misuse, but over a quarter expressed an interest in small group training to improve their skills. These findings are discussed in relation to Department of Health guidelines concerning the management of narcotic misuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Incidence of Campylobacter pylori in a consecutive series of surgical patients referred for endoscopy.

Over a 9-month period, 109 consecutive patients referred from general surgical out-patient clinics for endoscopy were studied. The presenting symptoms, endoscopic diagnosis, clinical history and degree of histological gastritis were determined. The presence of the organism Campylobacter pylori in oesophageal, antral and duodenal biopsies was detected by a combination of culture, histology and fluorescence microscopy. C. pylori was identified in 49.5% of patients by at least one of the methods described. The organism was present only in antral biopsies in patients with both normal and abnormal endoscopies. The presence of C. pylori was significantly associated with the symptom of dyspepsia, and endoscopic diagnosis of peptic ulceration and a greater degree of histological gastritis. Analysis of the clinical history of the patients with a normal endoscopy suggests that a proportion of these patients (7 of 20) had previous evidence of peptic ulceration. Treatment with H2-receptor antagonists may heal ulceration but fails to eradicate C. pylori.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Selling the estates.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Location Directories and Signs↗
PubMed1989

Laparoscopy, ultrasound and computed tomography in cancer of the oesophagus and gastric cardia: a prospective comparison for detecting intra-abdominal metastases.

We have evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of laparoscopy under general anaesthesia, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) in detecting intra-abdominal metastases in 90 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus or cardia. Metastases were histologically confirmed as hepatic in 25 patients, nodal in 35 and peritoneal in nine. All investigations had high specificity (86-100 per cent) for each type of metastasis. Laparoscopy was found to be significantly more sensitive (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.02) and more accurate (P less than 0.01; P less than 0.01) than either ultrasound or CT, respectively, with regard to hepatic status. Although laparoscopy performed best with regard to nodal metastases, this reached statistical significance only when sensitivity of ultrasound was compared (P less than 0.01). Neither ultrasound nor CT detected any peritoneal metastases, although laparoscopy detected eight out of nine, giving a sensitivity of 89 per cent and an accuracy of 98 per cent. There was no morbidity or mortality associated with laparoscopy, which offers a safe, reliable method of determining intra-abdominal status and may obviate the need for surgery in some patients with malignant dysphagia.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Alcohol and death certification: influencing current practice and attitudes.

Forty housemen were sent a letter informing them of changes to the coroner's rules and emphasizing the importance of recording alcohol abuse. All relevant death certificates signed by the housemen over the next 3 months were selected for case note review to check details of the alcohol history taken and the consequent accuracy of the death certificate. A questionnaire was also sent to the housemen covering reasons for not recording alcohol abuse and knowledge of the coroner's rules. Comparison of the results with those from an earlier group of housemen who received no informatory letter suggest that minimal educational intervention can effect housemens' attitudes and practice.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1989

Serum amylase and lipase activities after exploratory laparotomy in dogs.

Serum amylase and lipase activities and creatinine concentration were determined before surgery, and at 1 and 2 days after exploratory laparotomy in 24 dogs. Examination of all viscera was done during each laparotomy, but a surgical procedure was not performed. The mean serum activities for lipase were: before surgery, 0.71 (0.0 to 2.0) Cherry Crandall units (CCU)/L; 1 day after surgery, 2.1 (0.0 to 4.5) CCU/L; and 2 days after surgery, 1.19 (0.0 to 3.9) CCU/L. The mean serum activities for amylase were: before surgery, 1,958 (1,027 to 3,426) IU/L; 1 day after surgery, 1,538 (937 to 2,659) IU/L; and 2 days after surgery, 1,663 (1,066 to 2,274) IU/L. Serum creatinine concentrations before surgery, 1 day after surgery, and 2 days after surgery were 0.88 (0.2 to 1.7) mg/dl, 0.78 (0.4 to 1.3) mg/dl, and 0.78 (0.3 to 1.3) mg/dl, respectively. Mean preoperative, day-1, and day-2 serum amylase activities and serum creatinine concentrations did not differ significantly from each other. Mean preoperative and day-2 serum lipase activities did not differ significantly; however, mean serum lipase activity was significantly greater when day 1 activities were compared with preoperative activities (P = 0.0002). Post-mortem examinations revealed no gross or histologic evidence of pancreatitis in any dog. The results of this study show that a 3 or more fold increase in serum lipase activity may occur after routine exploratory laparotomy in dogs without clinical signs or gross evidence of pancreatitis. Histologic evidence of pancreatitis was not found in the right pancreatic lobes in any dog.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of a human gene with protein sequence similarity to human and murine int-1 and the Drosophila segment polarity mutant wingless.

An expressed gene sequence which was identified by the isolation of a methylation free CpG island from human chromosome 7 has been cloned from a human lung cDNA library. The deduced protein sequence contains 360 amino acids and has several features of a secreted protein; it is cysteine rich with a signal peptide sequence and two potential asn-linked glycosylation sites. The protein sequence shows marked similarity with human and murine int-1 and their Drosophila homolog wingless (Dint-1). This human int-1 related protein, int-1 and Dint-1 have diverse patterns of expression, but the inferred structural similarities suggest that some of the functional characteristics of these proteins may be shared.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Mutant insulin syndromes.

Highly sensitive procedures for the characterization of molecular species of insulin in the circulation and for the isolation of the gene encoding human insulin have recently been developed. Nine subjects with abnormal forms of insulin or proinsulin have been reported. These include: [Leu B25], [Ser B24], [Leu A3] insulin as well as others that have not yet been identified. The clinical syndrome associated with the secretion of an abnormal insulin or proinsulin molecule presents with apparent endogenous insulin resistance with inappropriate high levels of insulin for the prevailing blood glucose concentration and a high insulin/C-peptide ratio due to the reduced catabolism of the abnormal insulin molecule. Diabetes occurs if there is concomitant insulin resistance or pancreatic beta cell failure. In addition, abnormal forms of insulin have been found in the insulin autoimmune syndrome presenting with recurrent, self-limiting hypoglycemia. Abnormal insulin in the autoimmune insulin syndrome suggests that abnormalities in endogenous antigens may be important in the formation of antibodies in other autoimmune states. However, although abnormalities in the insulin molecule may provoke the autoimmune response, it is also feasible that the presence of antibodies to normal insulin and proinsulin in some way alters their metabolism to yield abnormal products on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Abnormal forms of insulin have also been found in subjects with reactive hypoglycemia and exogenous insulin-resistance and appear to be transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. A protocol for the sequence of investigating subjects who potentially harbor a mutant or otherwise abnormal form of insulin using HPLC and recombinant DNA technology is presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

PHNO [(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine]: a new and effective anti-Parkinson's disease agent.

PHNO [(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine] is a chemically novel and highly potent dopamine (D2) receptor agonist without D1 activity. It had significant antiparkinsonism effects when used as open-label monotherapy in ten patients who were Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 or 3. The standard formulation of PHNO produced a 3- to 4-hour therapeutic effect in most patients; the response to the time-release formulation lasted up to 10 hours. Side effects were similar to those of other dopamine agonists but dyskinesia was seen in only one patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Physical and genetic analysis of cosmids from the vicinity of the cystic fibrosis locus.

Cosmid libraries have been constructed from DNA of somatic cell hybrid cell lines, each containing a fragment of human chromosome seven and including sequences closely linked to cystic fibrosis (CF). Cosmids containing human DNA as insert were isolated from the library. Three cosmids, when used as probes to total genomic DNA, detected polymorphic loci, each of which was shown to be in strong linkage disequilibrium with CF. Restriction endonuclease digestion of cosmid clones and use of a new, rapid method of chromosome walking based on competitive hybridisation of cosmid inserts has allowed identification of several groups of overlapping cosmids ("contigs") from the vicinity of CF.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The application of molecular genetics to the study of the basic defect causing cystic fibrosis.

The first linkage to CF was demonstrated to the enzyme paroxonase, a classical protein polymorphism, by the Copenhagen group. This was followed quickly by six cloned DNA sequences: pJ3.11, 7C22, COL1A2 and TCRB (St. Mary's), 917 (Toronto) and met (Salt Lake City). Both pJ3.11 and met are very close genetically to the CF mutation, and can be used for carrier detection and antenatal diagnosis in many informative families where there is a CF child. There is no evidence for heterogeneity of the CF locus. The collection of markers surrounding the CF locus is now sufficient to permit attempts to be made to isolate the defective gene using a combination of chromosome-mediated gene transfer, pulse field gel electrophoresis, NotI junction libraries, cosmid mapping and chromosome walking techniques.

Chromosome Mapping↗