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Biomedical subjects

G Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to G Bauer.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[The division of labor in medicine].

The regulations governing the professional training of doctors and the Nursing Law differentiate a variety of professions in the medical field. This shows that the division of labour in medicine is embodied in the law. To the undeniable advantages of rapid development and specialization in medicine are linked equally undeniable disadvantages; large hospitals find it increasingly difficult to coordinate and oversee the course of operations, an ever greater number of persons have to bear responsibilities. Not only the person who acts incorrectly, but also those connected in same way, especially those preceding in the line of action, can be called to account for unwise selection and inadequate supervision of co-workers. We have to distinguish between horizontal division of labour among persons of equal rank, and vertical division of labour and delegation within the framework of staff hierarchy. Although the principle of trust is embodied only in the Road Traffic Code, it can be widely applied to horizontal division of labour. In vertical division of labour and delegation, its reach is only qualified. Reported cases serve to exemplify the complex of problems, and the situation is discussed in the light of the legal provisions of the Medical Profession Act, the Hospital Law and the rules governing institutions. There is no unequivocal, by-operation-of-law distribution of powers or competence. The paper highlights the eminent importance of the duty of care as established in the body of law when it is a question of accepting a task with which one is entrusted and, conversely, when entrusting a co-worker with a task.

Austria↗
PubMed1986

[First aid responsibility of the physician in Austria according to paragraph 95 of the penal code].

With paragraph 95 of its new Penal Code, Austria has joined the ranks of those countries which, by statutory provision, lay down a general duty, which applies to everyone to render aid in a case of misadventure. This provision is to enhance the principle of rendering aid and assistance to a fellow human being in need, and to obligate everyone to exercise at least a minimum of solidarity with fellow-men and to undertake to save another person in danger of life or limb. The conception in legal policy and juristic application is shown by examples drawn from the literature. A case is reported in detail to demonstrate that the provision is also applicable to the doctor's activity in the hospital, starting out from the relatively wide scope of the concept of "misadventure". 95 of the Austrian Penal Code defines a typical crime by omission, the applicability therefore not being bound to the proof of an injurious outcome. The paper points out the particular difficulty in the differential diagnosis of alcoholisation - cranial trauma.

Accidents↗
PubMed1986

Antagonism of glucocorticoid induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigens by different steroids in Daudi lymphoma cells.

Four antiglucocorticoids, RU38486, RU5020, RU25055 and progesterone were found to antagonize the induction of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) information by dexamethasone. The dose response studies show that the antagonization was more prominent with the synthetic steroids than with the natural hormone. Specific binding characteristics of dexamethasone measured in whole cells indicate the presence of glucocorticoid receptors. Total cellular receptor contents deduced from binding data give values similar to those reported for B-lymphoblasts. Competition experiments between dexamethasone and RU38436 strongly suggest that RU38486 binds to two distinct sites in the whole cell; one is the glucocorticoid receptor but the nature of the other site is unknown. Inhibition by antiglucocorticoids differs from antagonism by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) since the latter does not compete for any sites interacting with RU38486.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Medico-legal assessment of malpractice under the Austrian penal code.

In recent years, Austria has seen some change in the approach to errors in medical practice. The privileged position of the medical practitioner within the meaning of the former penal code, in force till 1974, no longer exists; however, errors leading to insignificant damage to the patient's health may remain free from punishment. In any case, nowadays, the categories of the dogmatics of negligence are applied to the doctor's professional activity. The traditional concept of 'malpractice' as formerly applied has virtually been displaced from the medico-legal assessment of an error in medical practice. The patient-doctor relationship based on trust is increasingly being supplemented by legal norms. Accordingly, the doctor's liability appears increasingly as the doctor's typical professional risk. Yet, in Austria, the doctor's liability is still kept within limits. The situation, with some cases in point, is analysed and described.

Austria↗
PubMed1986

Improved operations for femoral neck fracture. A radiographic evaluation.

A radiographic investigation was undertaken to determine whether an increased interest in femoral neck fractures improved the operative result. In 1977, all femoral neck fractures were operated on by any of 30 surgeons of the orthopedic department, but in 1981 all fractures were operated on by one of six specially devoted surgeons. Preoperative fracture classification was performed with three parameters and proved equal in the 1977 and 1981 groups of 105 and 114 fractures, respectively. The quality of fracture reduction, determined with four parameters, was improved somewhat. The position of the nail(s), also determined with four parameters, improved considerably. The technical result was better in Garden IV fractures than in Garden III fractures. An increased interest in femoral neck fracture treatment improved reduction and fixation.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of growth factors in human ovarian carcinomas.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factors with EGF competing and cell growth stimulating activity were investigated in malignant and nonmalignant tissues. About 37% of ovarian carcinomas present an increased factor activity between 9.0 and 19.3 ng EGF units/mg protein. In one tumor 175.0 ng EGF units/mg protein were found. In extracts of nonmalignant tissues, the factor concentration was about 1.0-6.4 ng EGF units/mg protein. Isoelectric focusing was performed to characterize these factors. In normal ovaries and ovarian carcinomas, factors with EGF competing activity focus at pH 8.0-9.0, pH 5.7-6.3, and pH 3.6-4.9. In ovarian carcinomas, an additional peak with EGF competing and cell growth stimulating activity was found between pH 6.5 and 7.2. Similar results could be achieved in other malignant tissues investigated. These data indicate the presence of EGF-like factors. EGF itself focuses at pH 4.6 (G. Carpenter and S. Cohen, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 48: 193-216, 1979). Specific EGF binding was determined in 12 ovarian carcinomas. In five of these cases EGF receptors could be detected. In the EGF receptor positive carcinomas, the content of EGF-like growth factors varied between 0 and 9 ng EGF units/mg protein. In EGF receptor negative cases, the content of EGF-like growth factors varied between 0 and 19.3 ng EGF units/mg protein. The clinical data of 19 patients are also demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Pheochromocytoma as an unexpected anesthesia complication].

A 51 year old woman patient with undiagnosed hypertension and established diabetes mellitus was to undergo hysterectomy. The induced neurolept-analgesia was interrupted because of sudden increase in the heart rate. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline values showed an approximately 12-fold increase. With signs of an extreme peripheral vasoconstriction, the patient died about 11 h after the start of anaesthesia. The post-mortem revealed an apricotsized, hormonally active pheochromocytoma of the left suprarenal body. Following investigation of the pathophysiological and pharmacological process, the case is analyzed from the medico-legal view, the non-clarification of the hypertension as objective failure to exercise due care is put up for discussion, and the question of causality and imputation discussed. Anesthesia in the presence of an undetected pheochromocytoma may be so rare that the criterion of adequacy, i.e. the objective predictability, cannot be applied. None the less the case demonstrates once again the physician's special duty to exercise due care. A precondition for any responsible choice of therapy must be accurate and comprehensive compilation of the findings.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

In vivo acylation of Dictyostelium actin with palmitic acid.

Cells of Dictyostelium discoideum were incubated with [H]palmitic acid during development, and recovery of the fatty acid label in soluble and membrane-associated proteins was investigated. One of the major labeled proteins was found exclusively in the soluble fraction. This protein, with an apparent mol. wt. of 44 kd, was identified as actin based on its labeling with a monoclonal anti-actin antibody, its coincidence with the major [S]methionine-labeled protein after two-dimensional electrophoresis and its binding to a DNase I affinity column. The H-label was resistant to chloroform-methanol extraction and boiling in SDS-containing buffer. After partial purification by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the 44-kd protein was treated with KOH, the fatty acids released were derivatized to methyl esters and palmitic acid methylester was identified by gas-liquid chromatography.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

EBV-inducing factor from platelets exhibits growth-promoting activity for NIH 3T3 cells.

An Epstein-Barr virus-indicating factor (EIF) has been purified from serum and platelets. We show here that highly purified preparations of platelet EIF exhibit growth-promoting activity for NIH 3T3 cells maintained in platelet-poor plasma. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-inducing activity and growth-promoting activity co-elute upon gel chromatography under non-dissociating as well as dissociating conditions and co-migrate in SDS-gel electrophoresis, supporting the notion that both activities reside on the same molecule. Furthermore, both activities require a pH shock for full activity and act in the same concentration range. The growth-promoting activity of EIF can be differentiated from that of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), biologically (on the basis of differential response of cell lines to both factors), biochemically (on the basis of differences in isoelectric points and mol. wts. and the requirement of EIF to become activated by a pH shock) and by the lack of inhibition of EIF by antibody to PDGF.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Short wave therapy in diabetic prodromata].

Short-wave therapy has been an established form of therapy for many decades and is unanimously regarded as harmless when properly applied. The possibility of burn injuries occurring is known, yet hardly any cases have been reported. In the case under review, a diabetic, after only a short treatment, suffered very severe burns that ultimately led to the amputation of three toes. Clinical and histopathological analysis established the presence of mediasclerosis of the large leg arteries as well as microangiopathy and peripheral neuropathy. These findings explained why, despite proper application of the short-wave therapy, severe complications arose that had so far not been observed. The findings are discussed from the medicolegal and histopathological view, with indications of the special type of physical trauma.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1984

[The epileptic mother and her child].

This study is a review of the literature on the influence of epilepsy and antiepileptic medication on the course of pregnancy and the foetus, as well as of the effect of pregnancy on the disease. Antiepileptic treatment is supposedly responsible for the increased rate of abnormal bleeding after delivery. Data on the perinatal mortality of epileptics are conflicting. The offspring of epileptic women are often smaller than normal neonates, indicating retarded growth, and the incidence of malformations is 1.25 times higher. Until now there has been no direct evidence of a teratogenic effect of the commonly used antiepileptic drugs, and the risk of malformations may possibly be correlated with the severity of the epilepsy. The effect of pregnancy on seizure frequency seems to be quite variable. Higher seizure frequency is seen during pregnancy, but this is not a universal phenomenon. The incidence of seizures in gestational epilepsy has no predictive value with respect to the course of later pregnancy. A positive correlation seems to exist between the development of eclampsia and later epilepsy, a family history of epilepsy and cerebral dysrhythmias. Status epilepticus is uncommon in pregnancy. The requirement of several antiepileptic drugs is increased during pregnancy. The metabolism of carbamazepine, primidone, and clorazepate is probably accelerated in the gestational period, but data on other antiepileptic drugs are inconclusive or lacking. The intestinal absorption of antiepileptic drugs may be impaired during pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anticonvulsants↗