Biomedical subjects

G Barau

Publications and source records attributed to G Barau.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2002

[Gas embolism and hyperbaric oxygen treatment during pregnancy: a case report and a review of the literature].

We report the first case of a pregnant woman presenting with a paradoxical air embolism due to accidental removal of a central venous catheter. Secondary right hemiplegia associated with a confused state justified emergency hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which was followed by complete neurological recovery. The aim of this case report is to assess risk situations of gas embolism during pregnancy and puerperium, as well as indications and fetal effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C virus markers in Réunion (south hospital and Saint Pierre prison)].

We studied the prevalence of Hepatitis A, B, C in different groups in the population of the South of Reunion Island. The aims of this study were the following: to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (anti-HCV antibodies) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (anti-HBc, HBs Ag and anti-HBs) in a population of 1455 women, who delivered in the Centre hospitalier Sud Reunion (CHSR), to estimate the prevalence of these two viruses in a population selected for risk factors (100 prisoners), to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis A in a group of 400 persons (aged 0 to 19) hospitalised in CHSR since 1st January 1998 (100 for each 5-year age bracket), to research risks factors in these populations and immunity. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.14% in pregnant women and risk factor associated was found in 28.9% of this population (2.9% history of transfusion, 0.21% drug users). In the group of prisoners seroprevalence was 2%, far below that of prisoners in France. Anti-HCV seroprevalence is weak in Reunion Island and very inferior to seroprevalence in the French population as in other Indian Ocean islands. This is due to the low risk of parenteral transmission. Anti-HBc was found in 90 serum samples from women (overall prevalence 6.35%) and of these 90 positive samples, 9 were positive for HBs Ag (overall prevalence 0.63%), 68 were positive for anti-HBs (4.81%) and 22 (1.54%) were anti-HBc isolated (without HBs Ag and anti-HBs). The overall prevalence of anti-HBs was 62.8%. In the population of 100 prisoners, 2 were HBs Ag positive, 10 anti-HBc positive (2 anti-HBc isolated, 2 associated with HBs Ag, 6 with anti-HBs). The prevalence of anti-HBs was 22%. The major risk factor observed in this population of prisoners was tattooing and/or piercing (46%). These results show that: Reunion island is an area of low endemicity for HBV virus. The measure of protective inoculation is well followed. i.v. drug abuse and previous transfusion are weak routes of transmission. In the group aged 0 to 19, overall prevalence of anti-HAV was 11.9% with the highest rate found among 15 to 19 year-olds (25%). Seroprevalence falls with socio-economic progress. At the present time, the endemic is intermediate in Reunion Island. Given immunity levels within the young population, there is a risk of outbreak. This risk is due to the conditions in Reunion Island, but also to people who travel to other Indian Ocean countries where endemicity is high. It is thus very important that a vaccination strategy be determined.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in pregnant woman on the island of Réunion].

AIMS: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies in a population of pregnant women in Réunion. METHODS: Over a 6-month period, all blood samples of pregnant women who delivered at a hospital in the south of Réunion were tested with a third generation enzyme-linked immunoassay. In addition, risk factors for hepatitis C transmission were systematically looked for. RESULTS: Among the 1,455 women tested during this period, only 2 sera were found to be positive, resulting in a prevalence of 0.14%. One of these women had a history of intravenous drug use, whereas the other had no identified risk factor. This low prevalence was found to be associated with a low frequency of risk factors of C virus infection in this population: a history of transfusion and intravenous drug use was found in 2.9% and 0.21% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection is particularly low in Réunion. This low prevalence is explained by the rarity of risk factors for hepatitis C transmission in this region which is close to the African continent and has a similar high prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection.

Female↗

PubMed1993

[Myomectomy using laparoscopy. 23 cases].

The authors report their experience with laparoscopy for myomectomy and analyze their results (mean size of myomas: 7.5 cm, route of extraction: vaginal 56%). This is a recent, promising technique which requires further evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Hysteroscopic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Although vaginal ultrasonography combined with plasma beta-hCG determination can provide a reliable diagnosis and location of ectopic pregnancy, the results can be difficult to interpret in the early stages when hCG levels are low. Hysteroscopy can be used in such cases to differentiate between ectopic pregnancy and non-viable uterine pregnancy when viable uterine pregnancy has been ruled out. General anaesthesia and laparoscopy are avoided. We performed 60 hysteroscopic procedures between January 1989 and December 1990 in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancies. The pregnancy had been located by means of vaginal ultrasonography in every case in which the hCG was above 1500 IU/ml and in 36% of cases in which the beta-hCG was below this level. Hysteroscopy was hindered by metrorrhagia in three cases and was inconclusive in one, necessitating laparoscopy. Diagnosis was possible in all the remaining cases, as follows: ectopic pregnancy in 41 cases, with an empty uterus and occasional bleeding from an ostium; non-viable uterine pregnancy in 18 cases, with the presence of material within the cavity. Hysteroscopy therefore confirmed the diagnosis in 55% of the cases and was itself diagnostic in a further 43% of cases. Its sensitivity for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was 100% and its specificity 95%. We propose a diagnostic decision tree.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMed1990

[Megabladder. Microcolon. Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis and a review of the literature. Apropos of a case].

The condition of "megacystis-microcolon" is a very rare condition which can now be diagnosed ante-natally due to ultrasound. The presence of a megacystis (large bladder) with increased levels of amniotic fluid makes it possible to eliminate other ante-natal causes of dilatation of the bladder and in particular when it is found in a female fetus (as it is in 80% of cases). At birth, one finds, apart from the massive dilatation of the bladder with very little effect on the upper urinary tract, a microcolon with complete absence of peristalsis. This last abnormality always leads to a catastrophic short term result because treatment is quite ineffective. Many histological studies have been carried out and these sometimes differ from one another but it is possible to think that the condition is due to pathology of neurogenic origin in the muscle of the bladder and the aetiology of this is unknown. Finally, because there have been a few familial cases, there may be a genetic element in this illness that has such a poor prognosis.

Colonic Diseases↗

PubMed1990

[Late cerclage].

Cervico-isthmial incompetence develops in the second trimester of pregnancy. There are problems as to the correct treatment. The authors report four cases where stitches were put in late using the technique of "parachute" cerclage. This made it possible for four live babies to be born. A search of the literature shows that after late cerclage in 60-90% of cases pregnancy continues normally. But it has to be realised that complications do occur and these are mainly chorio-amnionitis which carries a bad prognosis obstetrically and also premature rupture of the membranes. The authors recommend this manoeuvre in spite of the risks because of the benefits that can be obtained. The procedure should only be carried out if there is no cervico-vaginal infection as determined by negative swabs and tocolytic treatment should also be given.

Adult↗

PubMed1989