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Biomedical subjects

G B West

Publications and source records attributed to G B West.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Histamine release by sugar polymers in the rat.

Histamine release into the peritoneal cavity of rats following intraperitoneal injections of sugar polymers such as dextran or dextrin was potentiated by insulin, even when the hormone was given simultaneously with the polymer and the blood sugar level was unchanged. Hypoglycaemia is therefore not the factor responsible for the potentiation. A direct effect of insulin on peritoneal mast cells in vivo is suggested, particularly as the potentiation by insulin occurred in diabetic rats and this was inhibited by disodium cromoglycate.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A reappraisal of the anti-inflammatory activity of copper.

The copper complex of histidine reduced the dextran and carrageenan reactions in rats, inhibited the erythema produced in the skin by exposure to ultraviolet light, and decreased the severity of established arthritis. However, it was particularly effective only when given systematically, and irritancy was not a factor involved. The anti-inflammatory activity of copper histidine resides in the copper moiety as histidine, in excess of equivalent doses, was mostly without effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Some anti-inflammatory activities of copper complexes of amino acids.

Whereas the two isomers of histidine equally enhanced the dextran and Con A anaphylactoid reactions in rats, their copper complexes were potent inhibitors of these reactions. On the other hand, the two isomers of cystine and their copper complexes inhibited the oedema reactions in rat paws induced by dextran, carrageenan and concanavalin A.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Histamine release from isolated and intact mast cells of rats.

The release of histamine from tissues of rats, induced by antigen, concanavalin A and dextran has been compared with that from isolated peritoneal mast cells. Whereas concanavalin A was more active than dextran in in vitro experiments, the reverse was found when the substances were injected intradermally into the skin or subcutaneously into the paw. Therefore, it is important to state the experimental conditions when comparisons of activities of histamine releasers are made.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Local kallikrein and trypsin responses in the rat.

1 Locally administered commercial hog pancreatic kallikrein (Depot-Glumorin) and bovine pancreatic trypsin both increased vascular permeability in the skin and paws of rats. 2 By the use of numerous antagonists and enzyme inhibitors, this vascular response was found to be the result not of kinin formation but of a direct action mostly on histamine receptors. 3 Highly purified kallikrein did not increase vascular permeability in rats, suggesting either that the effect was due to an impurity in the commercial preparation or that a structural change in the enzyme occurred on purification. 4 Soya bean trypsin inhibitor prevented the trypsin response when both were injected locally. On intraperitoneal injection, the inhibitor was effective only against local kallikrein. 5 The kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin (Trasylol), was not effective against local kallikrein but it reduced the trypsin response when both were injected locally.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Levamisole and leucocyte migration into sponge exudates.

Locally administered levamisole enhanced leucocyte migration into inert sponges implanted into rats for either 4 or 48 h. The stimulated cell at both times was predominantly the polymorphonuclear neutrophil. Locally administered levamisole also enhanced leucocyte migration into inert sponges implanted into arthritic rats, during the primary stage as well as well as during the secondary stage after adjuvant injection when arthritis had been fully established.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Seasonal variation in drug action and animal responses in models of inflammation.

During the summer months, aspirin was relatively ineffective in rats in suppressing leucocyte migration both into the pleural space inflamed by carrageenan and into inert sponges implanted subcutaneously. At this time period, rats were insensitive to intravenous histamine and relatively insensitive to anaphylactic shock, and survival rates after traumatic or tourniquet shock have also been reported to be at peak values. The cause of this resistance has still to be found, though hormonal activation may play a major role.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1980

Skin reactions of rats to levamisole and D-penicillamine.

Levamisole and D-penicillamine are not skin sensitizers in rats. Furthermore, they do not stimulate T-lymphocyte proliferation in the draining lymph node when injected in oil into the hindpaw or base of the tail. Their copper coordination compounds also do not sensitize rats though they are irritant when injected locally.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Bradykinin and the dextran anaphylactoid reaction in rats.

A comparison was made of the activities of clinical dextran and bradykinin in rats. Chiefly by using antagonists, major differences were identified and the study confirmed that bradykinin is unlikely to play a major role in the dextran anaphylactoid reaction.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1980

Local anaphylactoid responses in rats.

The relative activities of 15 agents inducing anaphylactoid responses in the paws of two types of genetically different rats have been determined. Three groups were identified: group 1, where activity was much higher in R rats than in NR rats; group 2 where activity was low in both R and NR rats, and group 3, where activity was equally high in both R and NR rats. The influence of changes in the blood sugar level on these responses was also investigated in the three groups.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1980

Diet and adjuvant-induced arthritis in the rat.

Rats fed a high carbohydrate or a high protein diet deficient in copper, magnesium or zinc, or in the three trace elements together, failed to develop adjuvant-induced arthritis, yet a deficiency of both copper and magnesium in the diets exhibited no such inhibition. On the other hand, only a magnesium deficiency reduced the severity of the dextran anaphylactoid reaction.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

Effects of levamisole and D-penicillamine in rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan and by kaolin.

Levamisole potentiated paw oedema induced by carrageenan in the rat whereas penicillamine was without effect. On the other hand, levamisole inhibited paw oedema induced by kaolin, penicillamine again having no effect. The copper complex of penicillamine was inhibitory in the carrageenan test but failed to show inhibition in the kaolin model of inflammation. These results show that levamisole and penicillamine are capable of exerting anti-inflammatory activity in the rat but only under certain conditions.

Animals↗