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Biomedical subjects

G B Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to G B Phillips.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Radical scavenging as the mechanism for stimulation of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and depression of inflammation by lipoic acid and sodium iodide.

Certain radical-trapping reducing agents have been shown to stimulate prostaglandin biosynthesis in vitro (1--6) and to depress phorbol myristate acetate-induced mouse ear edema (16). The increased prostaglandin synthesis resulted from influences on the cyclooxygenase. To ascertain whether these alterations were due to direct interaction with the enzyme or to indirect scavenging of the oxidant released during PGG2 reduction, we report the effects of lipoic acid and sodium iodide. Both of these agents stimulated the enzymatic oxygenation of arachidonic acid, increased the reduction of PGG2 to PGH2, quenched the EPR signal induced by arachidonic acid and depressed mouse ear edema. In addition to discovering two unusual antiinflammatory agents, we have confirmed that materials with entirely different structures can have identical effects on the cyclooxygenase, suggesting indirect stimulation of this enzyme due to trapping of the oxidant.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Relationship between serum sex hormones and glucose, insulin and lipid abnormalities in men with myocardial infarction.

Fifteen patients who had had a myocardial infarction before the age of 43 were compared with thirteen age-matched normal subjects. Twelve of the patients and three of the controls had a delayed glucose and insulin peak in the glucose and insulin areas than normal curves. When the measurements of the four patients with the largest areas under the glucose tolerance curve were separated, significant correlations were observed in the remaining patients and controls. The ratio in serum of the concentrations of estradiol-17beta to testosterone (E/T) correlated with serum glucose area (r equals + 0.69, P is less than 0.001), insulin area (r equals + 0.80, P is less than 0.001), and the ratio of insulin area to glucose area (I/G) (r equals + 0.64, P is less than 0.005) in the glucose tolerance test. Serum cholesterol concentration correlated with E/T, insulin area, and I/G, and serum triglyceride concentration correlated with glucose area, I/G, and serum cholesterol concentration. The hypothesis is presented (i) that in men who have had a myocardial infarction, an abnormality in glucose tolerance and insulin response and elevation in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations are all part of the same defect (glucose-insulin-lipid defect), (ii) that this glucose-insulin-lipid defect when glucose intolerance is present is the "mild diabetes" commonly associated with myocardial infarction but is based on a mechanism different from that of classical diabetes, (iii) that this glucose-insulin-lipid defect is secondary to an elevation in E/T, and (iv) that an alteration in the sex hormone milieu is the major predisposing factor for myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Evidence for hyperoestrogenaemia as a risk factor for myocardial infarction in men.

Fifteen men who had had a myocardial infarction between the ages of 32 and 42 years were compared with fifteen age-matched healthy men. Seven of the patients had a strikingly slow rate of beard growth, three had evidence of gynaecomastia, and three had a loss of libido. The slow beard growth and decreased libido, and possibly the gynaecomastia, preceded the myocardial infarction. Mean serum oestradiol and oestrone concentrations were significantly increased in the patients, 43.5 +/- 8.8 (standard deviation) and 50.7 +/- 9.5, respectively, compared wth 33.5 +/- 5.5 and 37.5 +/- 5.8 pg/ml in the controls (p less than 0.001). Mean serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations were not significantly different in the two groups. Serum oestradiol and oestrone concentrations were directly proportional to each other as were those of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. These results suggest that the hyperoestrogenaemia preceded the myocardial infarction and that hyperoestrogenaemia may be an important risk factor for myocardial infarction in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Glucose consumption by red cells of diabetic patients and normal subjects. Effect of ethanol.

Glucose consumption was measured in the red cells of 15 diabetic patients and 13 normal subjects. The red cells were incubated in autologous serum with the glucose concentration adjusted to approximately 500 mg per 100 ml. Mean glucose consumption, both total and via the pentose phosphate pathway, by the red cells of the diabetic patients was not significantly different from that by the red cells of the normal subjects. Stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway with ascorbate or methylene blue similarly revealed no difference between the two groups. Exposure of the red cells to ethanol in the incubation medium had no discernible effect on total glucose consumption but caused a decrease in glucose consumption by the pentose phosphate pathway. An effect of ethanol on glucose consumption by the pentose phosphate pathway was not evident in the presence of ascorbate or methylene blue. No difference in response to ethanol by the red cells of the diabetic patients and normal subjects was observed.

Adult↗