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Biomedical subjects

G B Glass

Publications and source records attributed to G B Glass.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Lipid composition of the gastric mucous barrier in the rat.

The lipid composition of the "mucous barrier" of rat stomach was investigated. Cellular mucus of the mucous cells from gastric epithelium and surface mucus from gastric mucosa were obtained by perfusion in vivo of Ghosh-Lai rat stomachs with 2 M NaCl. Lipids extracted from dialyzed and lyophilized 2 M NaCl perfusates and 0.9% NaCl (saline) controls were quantitatively separated into single components by means of two-dimensional thin layer chromatography and compared. Significant differences in the level of cholesterol esters, di- and triglycerides, and glycolipids were found. Three to 4 times greater quantities of cholesterol esters and di- and triglycerides, and 2 to 6 times greater quantities of glycolipids were found in 2 M NaCl perfusates as compared to saline controls. The glycolipid fraction consisted of neutral and acidic glyceroglucolipids and was devoid of glycosphingolipids. The phospholipids constituted the smallest portion of the lipids present in 2 M NaCl and saline perfusates and were 2 times higher in 2 M NaCl. These data indicate that mucous barrier in addition to mucins contains considerable quantities of lipids of which glyceroglucolipids are the most prominent components.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The nature of ABH blood group antigens in human gastric secretion.

The origin of blood group ABH activity in human gastric content was investigated. Dialyzed and lyophilized samples of ten individual gastric secretions were assayed for ABH antigen under various conditions. The native activity persisted in delipidated residue of the respective secretions, but was completely missing in the lipid extracts of the analyzed samples. The alkaline degradation of the native and delipidated samples led to total loss of blood group activity of the analyzed materials, but no effect on A-active glycosphingolipid was evolved. Purified glycolipid portion of the lipid extract was lacking ABH activity and was shown to have distinct composition. This fraction contained only glyceroglucolipids and neither sphingosine nor other carbohydrates were present. On the basis of blood group activity assays of the native, delipidated, alkaline degraded samples and also on glycolipid analysis it was established that the ABH blood group activity of stomach secretion originated entirely from the glycoprotein portion of these samples.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

Detection of cellular immunity derangements in chronic gastritis by a skin window test.

An autologous "skin window test," used lately for the study of cellular immunity in cancer, was applied here successfully to 54 patients with upper-gastrointestinal ailments, 48 of whom had a coexistent fundic and/or antral chronic gastritis of varying severity. The diagnoses of gastritis were made by multiple fiber-gastroscopic biopsies. The ether-alcohol-fixed cryostat sections of fundic and antral biopsies were mounted on cover slides and placed on small cutaneous abrasions of the forearm of the same patients for 24--28 hr. The exudates on cover slides and on imprints of the abrasions were read blindly for the mononuclear cell response according to criteria set for this test by Black and Leis (10). A positive reaction was obtained in 8 of the 54 patients using autologous fundic mucosal biopsy. An autologous antral mucosal biopsy gave positive reaction in only 2 of the 26 of the patients in whom it was used. The positive yield of this autologous skin window test in chronic advanced fundic gastritis was somewhat higher than that obtained by other authors using lymphocytes blast transformation or macrophages migration inhibition test in vitro. It was much higher than the yield obtained by others who used skin tests in vivo, with homologous or heterologous gastric mucosal extracts as antigens. The autologous skin window is safe in regard to possible transmission of hepatitis. Its applicability for detection of cellular immunity derangement in chronic gastritis carries promise.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Glyceroglucolipids of the human saliva.

Seven individual glycolipids (I--VII) have been isolated from the lipid extract of human saliva. All glycolipids contained glucose, glyceryl ethers and fatty acids, and differed from each other primarily with respect to the number of glucose residues. In addition, glycolipid V contained also the sulfate ester group. The structures of these glycolipids were identified by partial acid and alkaline hydrolysis, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide and methylation studies, as: Glc(alpha1 leads to 3)-diglyceride (glycolipid I), Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 3)-diglyceride (glycolipids II and III), Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 3)-diglyceride (glycolipid IV), SO3H-6Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 3)-diglyceride (glycolipid V), Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 3)-diglyceride (glycolipid VI) and Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 lead to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 6)Glc(alpha1 leads to 3)-diglyceride (glycolipid VII). Diglyceride portion of these compounds consists of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acyl-glycerol with the docosanoate and glyceryl-monodocosyl being the predominant acyl and alkyl components.

Diglycerides↗
PubMed1977

Characterization of two major neutral glyceroglucolipids of the human gastric content.

Two major neutral glyceroglucolipids (A and B) have been isolated from lipid extract of human gastric content by the procedure involving column fractionation on DEAE-Sephadex, silicic acid, and thin-layer chromatography. Both glycolipids contained glucose, glyceryl ethers, and fatty acids. The structures of these glycolipids were identified by mild alkaline methanolysis, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and permethylation studies. Based on the obtained data, we propose that glycolipid A is a monoalkylmonoacylglyceryl hexaglucoside and glycolipid B is a monoalkylmonoacylglyceryl octaglucoside. The diglyceride portion of these glycolipids consists mostly of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acylglycerol.

Diglycerides↗
PubMed1977

Glycolipids of the human gastric content. Structure of the sulfated glyceroglucolipid.

A new sulfated glycolipid has been isolated from the lipid extract of human gastric content by the procedure involving column fractionation on silicic acid and thin-layer chromatography. Degradation studies revealed the presence of glucose, sulfate, fatty acids and glyceryl monoethers. The structure of this glycolipid was identified by partial acid hydrolysis, oxidation with periodate and chromium trioxide, and permethylation studies, as: SO3H-6Glcalphal leads to 6Glcalphal leads to 6Glcalphal leads to 3-diglyceride. The diglyceride portion of this glycolipid consists mostly of 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acyl-glycerol.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

Morphological features and healing of stress ulcers induced by alcohol and restraint.

Gastric mucosal damage was produced in 130 mice by forced ingestion of alcohol, followed by restraint in the cold. Animals were killed at intervals from six hours to 27 days following the stress. Linear hemorrhagic erosions and diffuse hemorrhagic patches were found grossly, predominantly in the glandular portion of the stomach, in about 75% of the animals 6 to 24 hours after stress. At later time intervals, the linear mucosal depressions persisted; these became progressively less prominent with time but substantial numbers were still readily discernible three weeks after injury. Microscopical examination of the fresh lesions showed a variable amount of mucosal necrosis and acute inflammation. Epithelial regeneration became prominent after three days and persisted for several weeks. The first regenerating epithelial cells were primitive, cuboidal elements followed by mucous cells, parietal cells, and zymogen cells, in that order. The morphological features and evolution of the lesions were similar to that described in human stress ulcers.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Secretion of hydrochloric acid in Ghosh-Lai rat preparation following stimulation with histamine and pentagastrin and inhibition by gastrone and atropine.

In this study of 48 successfully operated rats, we evaluated the applicability of the Ghosh-Lai stomach preparation to the quantitation of the HCl output following stimulation with histamine and pentagastrin and inhibition with gastrone and atropine. The usefulness of this rat preparation was well demonstrated and good duplication of results was obtained with various doses of histamine and pentagastrin. In this rat preparation, the HCl output following an optimal pentagastrin dose of 6 mug/kg/30 min i.v. was almost twice higher than that after an optimal histamine dose - for this rat preparation - of 0.2 mg/kg/30 min i.v. The inhibitory effect of gastrone B on histamine-stimulated HCl output has been confirmed in this rat preparation and shown to extend also on the pentagastrin-stimulated HCl secretion. The comparison of the atropine and gastrone inhibition of the pentagastrin-stimulated HCl output in the Ghosh-Lai preparation indicates that the inhibitory effect of 40 mug gastrone i.v. is similar in rat to that of 0.4 mg atropine sulfate i.v. under these conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Bioassay of inhibitory activity of gastrone on basal HCl secretion in rats with chronic gastric fistula.

The authors evaluated the applicability of the rat with gastric fistula to the bioassay of gastrone, endogenous inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and the role of anticholinergic mechanism in this inhibition. 104 individual bioassays were performed on 25 rats with chronic gastric fistula out of which 34 tests were performed with gastrone, 49 controls with saline and 21 with atropine. In rats serving as their own controls, a statistically significant reduction of the volume of basal gastric secretion and of the basal HCl output by 56 and 59%, respectively, occurred after intravenous administration of 40 mug gastrone B. This was demonstrated in the first 4 h after gastrone and was statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference, however, in the concentration of HCl in the gastric juice after gastrone and after saline. The inhibitory effect of gastrone on HCl output at the intravenous dose of 40 mug was greater than that of 0.1 mg/kg atropine intravenously, while that of 50 mug gastrone was about equal to that of 0.4 mg/kg atropine. The gastrone inhibitory activity on gastric acid secretion in rats appears to be unrelated to anticholinergic mechanism. The advantages of the bioassay of gastrone activity using rats with chronic gastric fistula over the rats with pyloric ligation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effect of prolonged administration of homologous and heterologous intrinsic factor antibodies on the parietal and peptic cell masses and the secretory function of the rat gastric mucosa.

In order to determine the possible effects of the circulating intrinsic factor antibodies (IFA) on gastric morphology and secretory function, four groups of 12 rats each received intravenous injection daily for 8 to 12 weeks of immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions separated on DEAE-cellulose columns from various sources: (1) sera of patients with pernicious anemia, containing both IFA and parietal cell antibodies (PCA), (2) sera from patients with atrophic gastritis, containing parietal cell antibody only, and (3) and (4) sera of rabbits immunized with semipurified human or rat intrinsic factor (IF). In addition three control groups of 12 rats each received intravenous injections daily for 8 to 12 weeks of either (5) saline or (6) and (7) IgG processed from human or rabbit normal sera. Still another group of 12 rats (8) did not receive any injections whatsoever for the same duration of time. One-third of the rats were intubated biweekly after histamine stimulation and the hourly outputs of CHl pepsin, and IF were determined. At conclusion of the experiments, rats were killed, the mucosal surface and thickness of the mucosa were measured, and parietal cell and peptic cell masses were counted. The control groups showed either progressive growth of the cellular mass in gastric mucosa and increase of the HCl, pepsin, and IF outputs, or no significant changes. In contrast, rats injected with IgG containing IFA to human or rat IF showed a statistically significant thinning of the gastric mucosa, reduction of peptic cells, which are known to secret IF in this species, and corresponding decreases in the ouputs of pepsin and IF. These became reduced by about 50% from initial values, and by 62 or 75%, respectively, when compared to rats injected with normal human or rabbit IgG's. In rats injected with IgG's from pernicious anemia sera, which contained both IFA and PCA, the outputs of IF, pepsin, and HCl decreased signigicantly, as well as the peptic and parietal cell masses. The rats injected with PCA only demonstrated thinning of the gastric mucosa, reduction of parietal cell mass, and a significant decrease of the HCl output. These findings imply an active role of the circulating gastric.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1975

The prevalence of gastric autoantibodies in chronic alcoholics.

One hundred fifty alcoholic men and women and 150 age and sex-matched nonalcoholic controls (after exclusion of pernicious anemia and cancer of the stomach) were evaluated for the presence of parietal cell antibodies (PCA). Blocking and binding intrinsic factor antibodies (IFA) were determined in the PCA positive sera. The prevalence and age and sex distribution of PCA in the alcoholics and nonalcoholics was identical. In alcoholics above the age of 60 years, the incidence of PCA, although higher than in those of the younger age group was similar to that in the nonalcoholics of the same age group (in men 6.3 percent and 7.3 percent and in women 7.5 percent and 10.0 percent respectively). Antral gastritis of moderate or severe degree was the frequent lesion in alcoholics. This form of gastritis was not associated with any significant increase in the incidence of PCA. No patients with sera positive for IFA were detected among the 22 PCA positive patients. There is no evidence for humoral derangement of the gastric autoimmunity in chronic alcoholics.

Adult↗