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Biomedical subjects

G B Forbes

Publications and source records attributed to G B Forbes.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Energy need for weight maintenance in human beings: effect of body size and composition.

We estimated energy requirement by determining the amount of food needed to maintain body weight in a controlled environment. In a study of 28 adolescents and adults of widely varying weight and body fat content, we found that the energy required for weight maintenance was directly proportional to body weight (r = 0.92). The increased energy requirement of the obese is due in part to their larger lean weight and in part to their greater burden of body fat; together these account for 87% of the variance. For these subjects, who were engaged in light physical activity, the ratio of total energy to basal metabolic rate was 1.52 +/- 0.16 (SD).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Arm muscle plus bone area: anthropometry and CAT scan compared.

Arm muscle plus bone (M + B) cross-sectional area of the arm estimated from area circumference and skinfold thickness was compared with that estimated from CAT scans. The anthropometric technique overestimated M + B area, and the degree of overestimation varied directly with arm adiposity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of chronologic age and gynecologic age as indices of biologic maturity.

The clinical usefulness of gynecologic age (GA) (the difference between chronologic age [CA] and menarcheal age [MA]) is controversial. We compared CA and GA with bone age (BA) (the standard reference criterion for biologic maturity), in 107 Caucasian girls who ranged in age from 8.3 to 18.5 years. Chronologic age and GA each correlated significantly with BA. Regression analysis revealed no significant difference between the BAs of early-maturing girls and late-maturing girls of the same CA. However, the BAs of late-maturing girls were significantly greater than those of early-maturing girls of the same GA. Chronologic age may be preferable to GA in studies of adolescents that require an assessment of biologic maturity because CA is a more accurate measure of BA than is GA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the short and original scales of the Personality Inventory for Children.

The original (Wirt, Lachar, Klinedinst, & Seat, 1977) and shortened scales (Lachar, 1982) of the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) were compared in a sample of 230 clinic children. The short versions of the ADJ and SSK scales produced significantly lower T scores than the original version, while the short version of ACH, D, FAM, ANX, and HPR produced higher scores. Mean differences were small and never exceeded 3 T score points. Scales were classified by use of a T greater than 69 criterion or the actuarial criteria of Lachar and Gdowski (1979). The percentage of identical classifications ranged from 87% to 97% with the T greater than 69 criterion and 92% to 99% with the Lachar and Gdowski criteria.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Deliberate overfeeding in women and men: energy cost and composition of the weight gain.

1. Thirteen adult females and two males were overfed a total of 79-159 MJ (19,000-38,000 kcal) during a 3-week period at the Clinical Research Center, Rochester. The average energy cost of the weight gain was 28 kJ (6.7 kcal)/g, and about half the gain consisted of lean body mass (LBM) as estimated by 40K counting. 2. A survey of the literature disclosed twenty-eight normal males and five females who had been overfed a total of 104-362 MJ (25,000-87,000 kcal) under controlled conditions: twenty-five of these had assays of body composition, and three had complete nitrogen balances. 3. When these values were combined with those from our subjects (total forty-eight), there was a significant correlation between weight gain and total excess energy consumed (r 0.77, P less than 0.01) and between LBM gain and excess energy (r 0.49, P less than 0.01). Based on means the energy cost was 33.7 kJ (8.05 kcal)/g gain and 43.6% of the gain was LBM; from regression analysis these values were 33.7 kJ (8.05 kcal)/g gain and 38.4% of gain as LBM. 4. Individual variations in the response could not be explained on the basis of sex, initial body-weight or fat content, duration of overfeeding, type of food eaten, amount of daily food consumption or, in a subset of subjects, on smoking behaviour. 5. The average energy cost of the weight gain was close to the theoretical value of 33.8 kJ (8.08 kcal)/g derived from the composition of the tissue gained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Ventricular dilation on CAT scans of patients with anorexia nervosa.

Computerized tomographic brain scans of five patients with anorexia nervosa showed significantly more dilation of the third and lateral ventricles than in control subjects. Measurements of lean body mass suggest that these findings are secondary to the anorexic patients' protein malnutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of anabolic steroids on lean body mass: the dose response curve.

Data from human subjects given various amounts of anabolic steroids show that the resultant increment in lean body mass (LBM) has the features of a typical dose response curve. Low doses produce a very modest effect, while large doses result in a progressive augmentation of the LBM. Endogenous testosterone production during male adolescence is accompanied by a sex differential in LBM that is comparable to the LBM increment generated by exogenous steroids given to adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Body composition as affected by physical activity and nutrition.

Although exercise and/or training can augment maximum oxygen consumption, muscle strength, and endurance, it has not been shown to markedly increase lean body mass (LBM) or to markedly decrease body fat in humans unless androgens are given. Bed rest likewise leads to very modest changes in body composition. Over-nutrition, on the other hand, produces a significant increase in body LBM and fat, and undernutrition a fall in both; hence the evaluation of exercise programs should include assessment of energy intake.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1984

Clinical utility of the McVaugh and Grow rules for the detection of faking on the Personality Inventory for Children.

Investigated the clinical utility of the McVaugh and Grow (1983) suggestions that Adjustment Scale (ADJ) greater than or equal to 84T indicates faking bad and K greater than or equal to 59T or Social Desirability (SD) greater than or equal to 54T indicates faking good on the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) in 100 children, aged 6-0 to 12-11, seen in a private, fee-for-service, practice of psychology. Profiles that exceeded the fake bad criterion were found in 35% of the cases, but only one profile met fake good criteria. In contrast to profiles below the faking bad criterion, those profiles with ADJ greater than or equal to 84 were associated with higher levels of family pathology, a higher incidence of learning disabilities, and a higher incidence of hyperactivity. It was concluded that profiles that meet the ADJ greater than or equal to 84T criterion reflect psychopathology, not faking.

Affective Symptoms↗