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Biomedical subjects

G B Cox

Publications and source records attributed to G B Cox.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Anticonformity aspects of depression in mild depressive states.

Controversial issues regarding the relation of conformity and anticonformity variants of dependency to depression and self-esteem were examined. The Willis-Hollander model of social influence and an experimental paradigm which permits differentiation of dependency responses into conformity and anticonformity subcategories were used. Ninety female college students who had been given the Beck Depression Inventory and a measure of self-esteem engaged in a perceptual judgment task, with two degrees of social influence. Depression and self-esteem were unrelated to independence and conformity. The main finding in the step-wise regression analyses was that depression was significantly related (p less than .001) to the anticonformity variant of dependency. The assumption that depression is related to dependency was supported, but the conventional position that such dependency consists of the conforming variant, involving compliance and approval- and guidance-seeking, was not supported, at least within the range of depression sampled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A report on a state-wide community mental health center outcome study.

The Washington State Mental Health Outcome Study was intended (a) to collect descriptive data on the status of a cross-sectional sample of the client caseload in state mental health centers, and descriptive data on the change between admission and 90-day follow-up of a sample of new admissions to the centers, and (b) to test the feasibility of state-wide mental health outcome studies. Results show highly significant changes between pre- and post-treatment interviews, although since there is no control group the changes cannot be attributed to the treatment programs. The data have been used by state level mental health administrators in presentations to the legislature and to community groups. The Washington strategy is compared with two other approaches to state-wide mental health outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The effects of panretinal photocoagulation on dark adaptation in diabetics with proliferative retinopathy.

The dark adaptation of 14 diabetic patients was measured before and after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP). The rod-cone break of diabetics prior to PRP was delayed 1.7 minutes compared to normal controls and the final rod threshold was elevated 0.7 log units. After PRP, the rod-cone break was delayed 2.9 minutes and the final rod threshold was elevated 1.1 log units.

Dark Adaptation↗
PubMed1981

Three genes coding for subunits of the membrane sector (F0) of the Escherichia coli adenosine triphosphatase complex.

Two mutant unc alleles, unc-469 and unc-476, have been characterized as affecting a previously undescribed gene, designated uncF. The uncF gene is part of the unc operon (with the gene order being uncBFEAGDC), although some uncertainty remains as to the relative order of the uncF and uncE genes. Mutant strains carrying the uncF469 or uncF476 allele lack the 18,000-molecular-weight component of the F0 sector of the adenosine triphosphatase in the cell membrane but retain the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein (molecular weight, 8,400). Conversely, strains carrying mutations in the uncE gene lack the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein but retain the 18,000-molecular-weight protein in the cell membrane. Strains carrying mutations in the uncB gene have both the 18,000-molecular-weight protein and the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein present in the cell membranes. The three proteins of the F0 portion of the adenosine triphosphatase, viz., 24,000, 18,000, and 8,400 molecular weights, became membrane associated after in vitro transcription-translation with plasmid pAN51 as template. Plasmids carrying deletions which affected the UncBFE region were isolated from plasmid pAN51 and characterized genetically. A comparison of the genes that were absent from the various deletion plasmids with the membrane-associated products formed after in vitro transcription-translation indicated that the uncB gene coded for the 24,000-molecular-weight protein and that the gene order was probably uncBFE. A correlation between length of deoxyribonucleic acid, genes present, and their products is presented in relation to plasmid pAN51.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1981

Genetic analysis of mutants affected in the Pst inorganic phosphate transport system.

A number of mutant alleles affecting the Pst phosphate transport system have been divided into three complementation groups on the basis of constitutive alkaline phosphatase activity in appropriate partial diploid strains. The three complementation groups were represented by the alleles pstA2 and phoT32 and the newly described allele pstB401. The two alleles phoS28 and phoS21 appeared to be polar. The phoS28 allele affected both the phoT and pstB genes but not the pstA gene, whereas the phoS21 allele appeared to be a mutation in the pstA gene exerting polar effects on both the pstB and phoT genes. It was concluded that the three genes pstA, pstB, and phoT were part of an operon and that the phosphate-binding protein was not coded for by any of these genes. The phoS gene, defined as the structural gene for the phosphate-binding protein, is also part of the operon, but the phoS28 and phoS21 alleles are not mutations in the phoS gene and were reclassified as pho-28 and pho-21 alleles. The gene order was concluded to be pstA-(pstB-phoT)-phoS, with the pstA gene promotor proximal and the direction of transcription opposite to that of the nearby unc operon.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Assembly of the adenosine triphosphatase complex in Escherichia coli: assembly of F0 is dependent on the formation of specific F1 subunits.

A strain of Escherichia coli (AN1007) carrying the polar uncD436 allele which affects the operon coding for the F1-F0 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) complex was isolated and characterized. The uncD436 allele affected the two genes most distal to the operon promoter, i.e., uncD and uncC. Although the genes coding for the F0 portion of the ATPase complex were not affected in strains carrying this mutant allele, the lack of reconstitution of washed membranes by normal F1 ATPase suggested that a functional F0 might not be formed. This conclusion was supported by the observation that the 18,000-molecular-weight F0 subunit, coded for by the uncF gene, was absent from the membranes. Plasmid pAN36 (uncD+C+), when inserted into a strain carrying the uncD436 allele, resulted in the incorporation of the 18,000-molecular-weight F0 subunit into the membrane. A further series of experiments with Mu-induced polarity mutants, with and without plasmid pAN36, showed that the formation of both the alpha- and beta-subunits of F1 ATPase was an essential prerequisite to the incorporation into the membrane of the 18,000-molecular-weight F0 subunit and to the formation of a functional F0. Examination of the polypeptide composition of membranes from various unc mutants allowed a sequence for the normal assembly of the F1-F0 ATPase complex to be proposed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1980

Depression in an adolescent delinquent population.

One hundred and twenty adolescents aged 13, 14, and 15 were given a structured psychiatric interview within 48 hours of their admission to a correctional facility. The interview assessed demography, social and delinquent history, family history, and drug and alcohol use and related problems. The interview issued diagnoses based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The adolescents were followed up with self-rated and observer-rated instruments. Twenty-three percent of the population met criteria for a major affective disorder. Observer blind ratings significantly identified the depressed group at 15 days. Self-ratings of depression did not separate the two groups. No pattern of antisocial or "acting-out" behavior differentiated the depressed group, although the depressed group did relate more of their problems to drug and alcohol abuse. A depressed or alcoholic family member significantly predicted for depression. Some possible unique cognitive aspects of depression in younger adolescents are explored, and implications for further research with delinquents are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Behavioral determinants of mental illness concerns: a comparison of community subcultures.

A stratified sample (race, sex, and social class) of 469 laymen from two North Carolina communities responded to a 190-item MMPI-based questionnaire with the degree of mental illness concern evoked by each item. The results reflected systematic race and social class differences in the behavioral bases for mental illness attributions--differences not explainable by overall differences in toleration for deviance. Although laymen had roughly similar rank orderings for the 13 homogeneous clusters of items, blacks indicated greater concern over breakdowns in social orientation than whites, while the opposite pattern held for traditionally defined psychopathy (internal distresses). Upper-class concerns were, comparatively, with cognitive dysfunction, middle-class with moral and social responsibility, and lower-class with social inadequacies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Subunits of the adenosine triphosphatase complex translated in vitro from the Escherichia coli unc operon.

The unc operon of Escherichia coli was split into two fragments by the restriction endonuclease HindIII. The operator-proximal portion was cloned into plasmid pACYC184, forming plasmid pAN51, which included the genes uncB, uncE, and uncA. When plasmid pAN51 was used as template in an in vitro transcription/translation system, the alpha subunit (from the uncA gene) and delta subunit of the F(1) adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were formed. In addition, three polypeptides of molecular weights 18,000, 17,000, and 14,000 were formed, and the significance of these polypeptides is discussed. The operator-distal portion of the unc operon was also cloned into plasmid pACYC184, forming plasmid pAN36, which included the uncD and uncC genes. When this plasmid was used as template in an in vitro transcription/translation system, the beta subunit (from the uncD gene) and the epsilon subunit (from the uncC gene) of the F(1) ATPase were formed. A polypeptide of a molecular weight similar to the epsilon subunit but of different net charge was also formed. Plasmid pAN45, carrying the complete unc operon, was isolated after digestion of a mixture of plasmids pAN51 and pAN36 with the restriction endonuclease HindIII and then religation with T4 deoxyribonucleic acid ligase. It was concluded that a HindIII restriction site occurred within the newly described uncG gene, which was shown, by complementation studies with Mu-induced mutants, to be located between the uncA and uncD genes to give the gene order uncBEAGDC. The uncG gene appears to code for the gamma subunit of the F(1) ATPase.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

The uncA gene codes for the alpha-subunit of the adenosine triphosphatase of Escherichia coli. Electrophoretic analysis of uncA mutant strains.

Four mutant strains of Escherichia coli which lack membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity were shown by genetic-complementation tests to carry mutations in the uncA gene. A soluble inactive F1-ATPase aggregate was released from the membranes of three of the uncA mutant strains by low-ionic-strength washing, and purified by procedures developed for the purification of F1-ATPase from normal strains. Analysis of the subunit structure by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that the F1-ATPase in strains carrying the uncA401 or uncA453 alleles had a subunit structure indistinguishable from normal F1-ATPase. In contrast, the F1-ATPase from the strain carrying the uncA447 allele contained an alpha-subunit of normal molecular weight, but abnormal net charge. Membranes from strains carrying the uncA450 allele did not have F1-ATPase aggregates that could be solubilized by low-ionic-strength washing. However, a partial dipolid strain carrying both the uncA+ and uncA450 alleles formed an active F1-ATPase aggregate which could be solubilized by low-ionic-strength washing of the membranes and which contained two types of alpha-subunit, one of which was normal and the other had abnormal net charge. It is concluded that the uncA gene codes for the alpha-subunit of the adenosine triphosphatase.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Properties of membranes from mutant strains of Escherichia coli in which the beta-subunit of the adenosine triphosphatase is abnormal.

Five uncoupled mutant strains of Escherichia coli carrying mutations in the uncD gene have been studied. In each of these mutant strains the beta-subunit of the F1 portion of the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase is abnormal. In one of the mutant strains (carrying the uncD12 allele) in F1-ATPase aggregate was formed which was purified and found to have low ATPase activity. ATPase activity was absent in the other four strains and the abnormal beta-subunits were tightly bound to the membranes. However, membranes from these strains exhibited various proton permeabilities as indicated by NADH-dependent atebrin-fluorescence quenching and bound different amounts of normal F1-ATPase. The amounts of reconstitution of energy-linked reactions after the addition of normal F1-ATPase also varied depending on the mutant allele. It is apparent that considerable phenotypic variations can occur between strains carrying mutations in the same unc gene.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

A dichotic index of laterality that scores linguistic errors.

The measure of cerebral laterality most commonly used in dichotic listening to detect ear advantages does not take errors into consideration. Experimental data were used to compare the laterality coefficient measure commonly used with a new method which scores error responses using linguistic rules. This new method produced significant results when applied to data for which the traditional measure found no significant effects. This suggests that on dichotic tasks where only one response is required, the traditional method of computing ear asymmetry by excluding errors may overlook a significant amount of information in these responses, information which is recoverable with the linguistically based scoring system.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Proton translocation in cytochrome-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli.

Cytochrome-deficient cells of a strain of Escherichia coli lacking 5-amino-levulinate synthetase have been used to study proton translocation associated with the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase region of the electron transport chain. Menadione was used as electron acceptor, and mannitol was used as the substrate for the generation of intracellular NADH. The effects of iron deficiency on NADH- and D-lactate-menadione reductase activities were studied in iron-deficient cells of a mutant strain unable to synthesize the iron chelator enterochelin; both activities were reduced. The NADH- menadione reductase activity in cytochrome-deficient cells was associated with proton translocation and could be coupled to the uptake of proline. However proton translocation associated with the NADH-menadione reductase activity was prevented by a mutation in an unc gene. It was concluded that there is no proton translocation associated with the NADH-dehydrogenase region of the electron transport chain in E. coli and that the proton translocation obtained with mannitol as substrate is due to the activity of membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase.

Cytochromes↗
PubMed1979

A fifth gene (uncE) in the operon concerned with oxidative phosphorylation in Escherichia coli.

Three mutant unc alleles (unc-408, unc-410, and unc-429) affecting the coupling of electron transport to oxidative phosphorylation in Escherichia coli K-12 have been characterized. Genetic complementation analyses using previously defined mutant unc alleles indicated that the new mutant unc alleles affect a previously undescribed gene designated uncE. The phenotype of strains carrying the uncE408 or uncE429 allele is similar in that Mg(2+)-adenosine triphosphatase activity is only found in the cytoplasmic fraction, and membranes do not bind the F(1) portion of adenosine triphosphatase purified from a normal strain. In contrast, adenosine triphosphatase activity is present both in the cytoplasm and on the membranes from a strain carrying the unc-410 allele, and normal F(1) binds to F(1)-depleted membranes from this strain. The adenosine triphosphatase solubilized from membranes of a strain carrying the unc-410 allele reconstituted ATP-dependent membrane energization in F(1)-depleted membranes from a normal strain. Genetic complementation tests using various Mu-induced unc alleles in partial diploid strains show that the uncE gene is in the unc operon and that the order of genes is uncB E A D C. The unc-410 allele differs from the uncE408 and uncE429 alleles in that complementation tests with the Mu-induced unc alleles indicate that more than one gene is affected. It is concluded that this is due to a deletion which includes part of the uncE gene and another gene, or genes, between the uncE and uncA genes.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1979

Solubilization of adenosine triphosphatase from membranes of Escherichia coli: effect of p-aminobenzamidine.

The five subunits of the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase (F1) from Escherichia coli were identified on electrophoretograms of membranes which had been washed with a low-ionic-strength buffer containing the protease inhibitor p-aminobenzamidine. All of the subunits of the membrane-bound F1 appeared to have the same molecular weights and isoelectric points as those of the soluble F1, as judged by two-dimensional electrophoresis. p-Aminobenzamidine inhibited the solubilization of F1 rebound to F1-depleted membranes, and was found to inhibit the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity to a much greater extent than the solubilized activity. It is therefore unlikely that p-aminobenzamidine inhibits the solubilization of F1 by inhibiting a protease, as suggested previously by Cox et al. (G.B. Cox, J.A. Downie, D.R.H. Fayle, F. Gibson, and J. Radik, J. Bacteriol. 133:287--292, 1978).

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗