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Biomedical subjects

G B Baskin

Publications and source records attributed to G B Baskin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical localization of human and simian immunodeficiency viral antigens in fixed tissue sections.

Antigens of human (HIV) or simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) were identified with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunohistochemistry in fixed surgical pathology and autopsy specimens of humans or monkeys with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. With B-5 fixative, viral antigens were readily detected in lymph nodes of 8 of 13 patients with follicular hyperplasia, but in only 1 of 12 patients with follicular atrophy. Antigen was detected in follicular dendritic reticular cells and rare blastlike cells, extracellularly, and in postcapillary venules, medullary lymphocytes, sinus histiocytes, and macrophages in some lymph nodes. In the brain at autopsy, antigen could be found in gliomesenchymal-cell nodules, astrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, multinucleated cells, and astrocytes and macrophages associated with demyelination. In contrast, 4 rhesus monkeys with experimental SIV infection had abundant antigen in sinus histiocytes, macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells of lymph nodes and spleen and in thymic epithelial cells. Brain lesions of monkeys resembled those of humans, with antigen found in macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Antibodies to HIV also were immunoreactive in formalin-fixed tissue sections of monkeys containing SIV antigens. The ABC technique provided a fast and efficient method for localizing HIV and SIV antigens in fixed surgical and autopsy specimens. These findings are consistent with those found with in situ hybridization, ultrastructural studies, frozen sections of lymph nodes, and permanent sections of brain.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Experimental leprosy in a rhesus monkey: necropsy findings.

A 6-month-old male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was inoculated intravenously and intracutaneously with Mycobacterium leprae obtained from a naturally infected mangabey monkey. The animal developed generalized lepromatous leprosy, and was killed for pathological examination 56 months after inoculation. Lesions were observed in the skin, nasal mucosa, peripheral nerves, and peripheral lymph nodes, with relative sparing of viscera. The monkey was carefully evaluated for the retrovirus STLV-III infection and was found negative. The rhesus monkey thus provides another animal model for the study of leprosy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Experimental arthropathy induced in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by intradermal immunization with native bovine type II collagen.

Over a 6-month time course, polyarticular arthritis was induced in 7 male rhesus monkeys by 3 intradermal injections of bovine type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, followed later by 2 intradermal injections of type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. All animals exhibited delayed-type hypersensitivity to type II collagen by skin test and had serum anti-type II collagen titers of greater than 10,000 (at 1 month) and 20,000 to 160,000 (at 6 months) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gross joint changes were observed in 6 of 7 monkeys, especially in the knee and elbow; synovial cell hyperplasia, increased vascularization and a focal mononuclear cell infiltrate were the most frequent findings. Chronic arthritis with destructive cartilage lesions was most prominent in the phalangeal joints of the hands (7 of 7 animals). Microscopically, these changes consisted of fibrosis of the synovium with increased vascularization, villous synovial membrane hyperplasia and focal mononuclear cell infiltration, as well as fibrous metaplasia of the articular cartilage adjacent to pannus formations. Also evident was a loss of safranin O staining intensity in the cartilage and loss of continuity of the articular surface. The 7 control monkeys (received Freund's adjuvant without collagen) were delayed-type hypersensitivity-negative, had no serum anti-type II collagen antibodies, and had grossly and microscopically normal joints. This primate model resembles collagen-induced arthritis seen in rodents and, to some degree, human rheumatoid arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in African green and squirrel monkeys: comparison of pathologic effects.

This study compared the pathological effects of experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus). African green monkeys died within 5 days post-inoculation and significant changes were limited to moderate to severe multifocal nonsuppurative necrotizing myocarditis. Squirrel monkeys were less severely affected and died or were euthanized 4 to 41 days post-inoculation. Myocardial and central nervous system changes in squirrel monkeys were minimal to moderate and variable in distribution, while pancreatic changes were more severe and included multifocal necrosis, subacute inflammation and atrophy of exocrine cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys.

Necropsy materials from 57 cases of generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys were reviewed. Clinically, animals with the disease were characterized by cachexia with muscle wasting, recurrent diarrhea, and arthritis. Gross lesions included hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, chronic/active colitis, fibrous strictures of the cecocolic junction, osteoarthritis, and generalized muscle atrophy. Histologic examination revealed minimal to severe deposits of amyloid in the small intestine (100%), spleen (93%), large intestine (67%), liver (40%), lymph nodes (71%), stomach and/or adrenal gland (32%). More amyloid was deposited in the spleen, liver, and small intestine than in other organs. Shigella sp. were isolated from feces in 23% of the cases and 84% had histologic evidence of colitis. Other findings indicated that 100% of the animals had lung mites, 25% had strictures of the cecocolic junction, and 40% had osteoarthritis. Thirty percent of the cases occurred in animals 10 months to 5 years of age, 10% in ages 6 to 10 years, and 60% in animals greater than 10 years old.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1986

Transmissible lymphoma and simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in rhesus monkeys.

Four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were inoculated with a homogenate of a cutaneous lepromatous leprosy lesion from a mangabey monkey (Cercocebus atys). One died of B-cell lymphoma, and another died of an immunodeficiency syndrome. Cell suspensions prepared from the tumor and spleen of the monkey with lymphoma induced lymphoma or an immunodeficiency syndrome when inoculated into additional young rhesus monkeys. The immunodeficiency syndrome was similar to simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and consisted of opportunistic infections, lymphoid hyperplasia or atrophy, wasting, and syncytial cell formation. Mitogen responses and percentages of T4- and T8-positive lymphocytes were normal until the animals were moribund. Lymphoblastoid cell lines became established in vitro from tumor cell suspensions. These cells were infected with a herpesvirus related to Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, a retrovirus morphologically similar to human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III (HTLV-III) and simian T-lymphotrophic virus type III (STLV-III) was isolated from one of the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Type D retroviruses could not be demonstrated in the monkeys in the transmission study; however, a retrovirus similar to that in the LCL was isolated from 4 animals by coculture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with the human cell line H9. These results suggest that this retrovirus, STLV-III/Delta, may be associated with the immunodeficiency syndrome in these macaques and may be of mangabey origin.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

The lepromin test in rhesus monkeys.

The lepromin test was studied in rhesus monkeys. Six control monkeys which had not been inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae, six monkeys with experimentally induced leprosy, and nine monkeys which had been inoculated with M. leprae but had not developed leprosy were evaluated with 1X, 10X, and 15X lepromin A, with 1X and 10X lepromin M (mangabey monkey derived), with 1X and 25X purified inactivated M. leprae, and with an armadillo mock lepromin. We found that the lepromin test is useful in rhesus monkeys, but that a higher concentration of antigen than is used in humans is required to induce a response in monkeys. Control monkeys appear to be lepromin negative. Animals which have been inoculated and which develop lepromatous leprosy are also negative. Monkeys which are experimentally inoculated with M. leprae and do not develop leprosy become lepromin positive. Monkeys with indeterminate leprosy have reactions intermediate between lepromatous and resistant animals. No monkeys reacted to armadillo tissue. Our results indicate that 10X lepromin A is a useful preparation for the lepromin testing of rhesus monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Experimental leprosy in three species of monkeys.

Eleven mangabey monkeys inoculated with Mycobacterium leprae developed lepromatous-type leprosy. Nine of the mangabeys were inoculated with M. leprae isolated from a mangabey with naturally acquired lepromatous leprosy. Immune function was depressed in some of these animals after dissemination of the disease. Two mangabeys developed lepromatous leprosy after inoculation with human M. leprae passaged in an armadillo. Three rhesus and three African green monkeys inoculated with mangabey-derived M. leprae also developed lepromatous leprosy. Mangabeys may be the first reported nonhuman primate model for the study of leprosy. Rhesus and African green monkeys may also prove to be reproducibly susceptible to the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Encephalitozoonosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus).

Twenty-two cases of naturally occurring encephalitozoonosis in squirrel monkeys are reported from breeding colonies of the Delta Regional Primate Research Center, Covington, La. Characteristic foci of granulomatous inflammation and organisms were demonstrated in brains, kidneys, lungs, adrenals, and livers. Vasculitis and perivasculitis were also common lesions in several organs. At least seven cases were congenital while ten others occurred in monkeys less than nine months old. Granulomatous placentitis, previously unreported in any species due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi, was present in one monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Experimental leprosy in the mangabey (Cercocebus atys): necropsy findings.

A mangabey monkey (Cercocebus atys) was inoculated intravenously and intracutaneously with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) from a mangabey with spontaneously acquired leprosy. It developed generalized lepromatous leprosy and died 46 months after inoculation. Necropsy revealed severe lepromatous infiltrates in the skin, nasal mucosa, peripheral nerves, and testicles. Internal organs were only minimally involved. The lesions seen at necropsy were very similar to those seen in untreated cases of human lepromatous leprosy. These findings further substantiate the mangabey monkey as a suitable animal model for the study of lepromatous leprosy.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of experimental pulmonary simian varicella (Delta herpesvirus) infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

The lungs of African green monkeys infected with simian varicella virus (Delta herpesvirus) were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Endothelial cell shrinkage, oedema formation and necrosis characterized the scanning electron microscopy of the affected vasculature. Oedema of the interalveolar septa with swelling of the capillary endothelial cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Numerous viral particles were associated with a generalized area of necrosis of the alveolar wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition in nonhuman primates.

Naturally occurring deposition of calcium pyrophosphate has been identified in six rhesus monkeys following acute episodes of trauma and various septicemias. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analytical system and single crystal electron diffraction studies were used to identify the crystals within the articular cartilage. The osteoarthritis grading system was used to determine the degree of cartilage degenerative changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pathologic changes of experimental simian varicella (Delta herpesvirus) infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).

Gross and microscopic lesions of experimental simian varicella (Delta herpesvirus) infection in African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) are described. In stratified squamous epithelium, such as the epidermis, tongue, and esophagus, focal areas of epidermal hyperplasia, ballooning degeneration, and blood-filled vesicle formation with ulceration were apparent. Most visceral organs were involved, and the changes included necrosis, hemorrhage, and characteristic intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions in a variety of cells. A generalized vascular involvement was present with intranuclear inclusions in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells in various organs. The nervous system was normal on gross and microscopic examination. Virus titer and serum transferase values were correlated with the clinical signs of infection.

Animals↗