Biomedical subjects

G Auer

Publications and source records attributed to G Auer.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Partition of protein and DNA during cytokinesis in human breast cancer cell lines.

Three human breast cancer cell lines (HTB-126, MDA-231, and HTB-122) with DNA index (DI) values between 1.26 and 1.72 were analysed together with a diploid mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line (PCC3) by a TV-video time-lapse technique (pedigree analysis). Cytochemical parameters (DNA and proteins) were studied in individual cells in a rapid scanning microspectrophotometer. Post-mitotic sister cell pairs were analysed after Feulgen-naphthol-yellow staining. The DI values of the cell lines were selected to reflect various well-known clinical ploidy entities differing in malignancy potentials. A mitotic disturbance of the partition of DNA and protein to daughter cells was found in particular in MDA-231 closest to the triploid DNA modal value (DI = 1.37). Duration of mitosis was considerably longer in the near triploid line compared to the other lines. The MDA-231 line was also least sensitive to suboptimal growth conditions. This report calls attention to a possible causality between mitotic error and intraclonal genotype and cell mass heterogeneity.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1990

Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands: the prognostic relevance of DNA cytophotometry in a retrospective study of long duration (1965-1987).

Acinic cell carcinomas of the Salivary Gland Registry, Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, West Germany, from 1965 to 1980 (n = 55) were evaluated retrospectively with respect to histologic, cytophotometric, and clinical data. The majority of the tumors (92.8%) were located in the parotid gland. Two thirds of the patients were female; one third were male. Mean age at primary diagnosis was 55.4 years. The tumors were graded into highly differentiated (76%) or less differentiated forms (24%) according to classic histologic and cytologic criteria. The clinical course was characterized by no recurrence in 15 cases; in 17 cases, recurrences developed, and 12 patients died of their tumor, some as late as 240 months after primary diagnosis. Differentiation showed a weak correlation with the clinical course. In 35 cases, nuclear DNA content of tumor cells was assessed cytochemically. The tumors were "diploid" or "near-diploid" in 34 cases; DNA content showed no correlation to the clinical course. As a result of long-term follow-up, it becomes evident that acinic cell carcinoma is prone to develop recurrences and metastases. Complete tumor removal during the primary operation seems to be important for controlling the disease inasmuch as the ostensible prognostic predictors evaluated here proved to be unreliable.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

In vitro effect of doxorubicin on non-proliferating and proliferating epithelial cells.

In vitro cultured mouse kidney epithelial cells were exposed for 2 hr to 0.5 microgram/ml of Doxorubicin. The proliferative activity of the cells was determined by combined DNA and total nuclear protein measurements. The sensitivity of the cells to the drug was higher in proliferating cells as compared to non-proliferating ones, that is, those exhibiting low amounts of total nuclear protein per unit DNA.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Nuclear DNA content, histological grade, and clinical course in patients with nonpalpable mammographically detected breast adenocarcinomas.

Sixty-five consecutive female patients, age 35-83, with nonpalpable breast carcinomas detected by mammography were classified with both morphological and cytochemical malignancy grading. Cytochemically, the tumors were divided into euploid and aneuploid types indicating low and high malignancy potential, respectively. The mean follow-up time in the euploid group was 6.7 years and in the aneuploid group 8.0 years. No significant difference in mortality was observed in the two groups comprising 65% euploid and 35% aneuploid tumors. Our results here indicate that an early detection of breast cancer at a clinically occult and nonpalpable level leads to better prognosis even in patients with aneuploid tumors whose tumors otherwise are considered to be highly malignant.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

Prognostic factors for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a retrospective evaluation of 96 cases.

Cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary (n = 90) and lacrimal glands (n = 6) from the years 1965-1980 were evaluated retrospectively with regard to clinical, epidemiologic and histomorphologic parameters, and in 52 cases, nuclear DNA content was assessed using a single cell scanning cytophotometry procedure in order to determine prognostic factors. Clinical courses were poor with a high incidence of recurrences, hematogenous metastases and deaths from tumor. Histology was related to prognosis, glandular tumors showing a better prognosis than solid ones. Tumor size greater than 4 cm was correlated with an unfavorable clinical course in all cases. Cytophotometry yielded various types of histograms (7 diploid, 10 proliferative, 14 triploid, 19 atypical, 2 tetraploid). Significant correlations were found as to the time of survival, tumors with diploid histograms showing the longest intervals and those with atypical ones the shortest. Although the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma remains poor, cytophotometry can offer additional prognostic information in the individual case.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The prognostic significance of growth pattern and its relation to tumor cell nuclear DNA content in endometrial carcinoma.

Hysterectomy specimens from 21 endometrial carcinoma patients, who died from their disease, and 23 patients selected at random from 307 survivors, were analysed for tumor growth pattern and tumor cell nuclear DNA content. The results indicate that tumor growth pattern, reflected by the mode of infiltration, is significantly correlated to the clinical course of the disease. Patients with carcinomas exhibiting contiguous growth pattern had a better outcome than patients with discontiguously growing carcinomas. It was also found that tumor growth pattern correlated well with tumor nuclear DNA content. It is suggested that the pattern of infiltration of the tumors is a sensitive predictor of prognosis and that this prognostic information, which only can be obtained postoperatively, to a large extent is reflected by tumor cell nuclear DNA content in curetted diagnostic material, obtained prior to treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Methodological aspects on cytochemical DNA assessment of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium by means of image and flow cytometry using conventionally formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens.

Sometimes widely diverging results have been reported as regards the nuclear DNA ploidy pattern of adenocarcinomas of the endometrium. Since such discrepancies might be due to differences in the techniques applied, it seemed worthwhile to investigate this possibility in conventional uterine curetted specimens. In order to obtain a high incidence of tumours with cancer cell nuclei showing "aneuploid" DNA distribution pattern, a selection was made, so that only those adenocarcinomas that had led to a fetal outcome of the neoplastic disease were examined. The results of two image cytometric (ICM) techniques for cytochemical nuclear DNA assessments were compared. One was direct photographic cytometric measurements on Feulgen-stained sections; the other was densitometric assessments on isolated tumour cell nuclei of deparaffinised and disintegrated specimens. In 39 cases out of 43 the DNA ploidy pattern was the same by means of the two techniques. However, about half the numbers of the specimens (40 out of 83) were lost during the deparaffinisation and disintegration procedure. As far as could be found from a limited study on 20 (out of the 43) selected cases, these losses of specimens became even greater when the flow-cytometric (FCM) technique was applied on the deparaffinised specimens; about one third of these specimens were not possible to evaluate. In addition, in those where assessments by means of FCM could be made, the DNA ploidy pattern obtained differed from that of the two ICM techniques in not less than 80% of the cases. Broad peaks and high amounts of counts in the background in the DNA histograms indicated that most of the DNA assessments made by means of FCM on archival material of the present kind of curetted specimens of endometrial adenocarcinomas gave no reliable results. Consequently, differences in the techniques applied in cytochemical assessments of the nuclear DNA distribution pattern in endometrial carcinomas can explain the more or less controversial results reported from different laboratories.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

DNA ploidy in screening-detected non-palpable mammary carcinomas.

Non-palpable breast cancers detected by mammography in women participating in the ongoing screening project at Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden, were classified by morphological and cytochemical malignancy grading. The women's age ranged between 40 and 64 years, and the clinical course was followed for a minimum of 5 years after primary treatment. No significant difference in disease-free survival was observed in the 66 cases studied (mean age 58 years) where 28% of the tumors were aneuploid and 72% euploid. Our results indicate that prognosis, even for patients with potentially highly malignant tumors, can be altered when their tumors are detected and treated at an early stage.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Efficacy of combined image and flow cytometric DNA assessments in human breast cancer: a methodological study based on a routine histopathological material of 2024 excised tumour specimens.

In 2024 excised specimens of malignant tumours of the female mammary gland. the nuclear DNA distribution pattern of the neoplastic cells was assessed by means of two procedures. One was image cytometry (ICM); here, all the 2024 samples were assessed. The other was flow cytometry (FCM) where 1336 specimens were analysed. In 829 of the 2024 tumour nodules the results of ICM and FCM could be compared. The efficacy of both techniques alone was about 80%; that of the combination was about 60%. In the ICM procedure the main reason for the reduction of samples was the failure to obtain representative specimens. The losses in the FCM method were due to poor quality of the histograms (too much background noise and too broad coefficients of variation). In addition, in as much as one third of all the cases, no specimens were set aside for FCM assessments. In 16% of the samples, where the results of the ICM assessment could be compared with those of the FCM analyses, completely diverging DNA ploidy patterns were obtained. The discrepancy was caused by differences in the interpretation of the histograms. In addition, the calculations of so-called S-phase fractions from the diploid FCM histograms was found to be associated with methodological errors, further contributing to differences in the DNA assessments by means of ICM and FCM. Nevertheless, it was advantageous to use combined ICM and FCM assessments, particularly in the interpretation of DNA histograms of uncommon types.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Histopathologic characteristics and nuclear DNA content as prognostic factors in medullary thyroid carcinoma. A nationwide study in Sweden. The Swedish MTC Study Group.

Complete follow-up for 4 to 27 years was achieved for virtually all 249 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) diagnosed in Sweden in a 23-year period. Tumor specimens from 241 patients were re-examined with regard to calcitonin immunoreactivity, amyloid content, argyrophil reaction, tumor capsule condition, and nuclear DNA content. In univariate analyses, these factors, with the exception of the argyrophil reaction, were strong predictors of survival. There were twofold-to-threefold differences in hazard rate between patients with a high (greater than 50%) and low (less than 10%) frequency of calcitonin-immunoreactive tumor cells, between those with amyloid-containing and amyloid-free tumors, and between those with an intact and a nonintact tumor capsule. Calcitonin immunoreactivity and the amyloid content also provided prognostic information in multivariate analyses that adjusted for all the other factors mentioned above and in the full multivariate model, which in addition considered age, sex, heredity, stage of the disease, tumor size, and treatment. The strong prognostic capacity of the nuclear DNA content found in univariate analyses became considerably weaker when other morphologic characteristics were considered.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Stereotactic fine-needle biopsy in 2594 mammographically detected non-palpable lesions.

To assess the accuracy of detection of breast cancers by mammography and stereotactic fine-needle biopsy (SFNB) 2594 mammographically detected non-palpable lesions were sampled. On the basis of combined evaluation by mammography and cytology of these samples, 2005 (77.3%) of the cases were judged as benign lesions without need of surgery and only 1 of these turned out to be a cancer 14 months later. In 567 (21.9%) patients diagnostic and/or therapeutic surgery was done. Breast cancer was confirmed by histopathology in 429 (75.7%) of the patients operated on and a further 60(10.6%) had non-malignant pathological changes (eg, sclerosing adenosis, epitheliosis, fibroadenoma, or papilloma). Thus, surgery was justified in 86.3% (489) of the patients. In addition to the histopathologically verified cancers, another 22 (0.8%) breast cancers were diagnosed by mammography and cytology but these patients were not subjected to surgery for various reasons. A combination of mammography and SFNB offers a procedure of high sensitivity for early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Mucoepidermoid tumors of the salivary glands. Correlation of cytophotometrical data and prognosis.

The mucoepidermoid tumors of the Salivary Gland Registry, Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, Western Germany, were evaluated retrospectively with regard to epidemiologic data, clinical follow-up, and cytophotometric data. Clinical data were obtained in 71 cases. Tissue from 46 cases was studied by single cell scanning cytophotometric analysis. Two thirds of the tumors were located in the major salivary glands, the parotid being the most common site, one third occurred in the minor salivary glands. The age range was from 6 to 81 years; peaks were observed in the fourth and seventh decades; the sex distribution was almost equal. By means of a single cell scanning cytophotometric device, a division into "diploid" and "atypical" patterns was possible. The clinical course was well correlated with these two groups, the atypical group showing generally an unfavorable course. Especially in poorly differentiated tumors, selection of clinically aggressive tumors was possible by their atypical DNA distribution pattern. Consequently, single cell DNA assessment can be a useful supplementary tool in the clinicopathologic and prognostic evaluation of mucoepidermoid tumors of the salivary glands.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

The relationship between nuclear DNA content in salivary gland tumors and prognosis. Comparison of mucoepidermoid tumors and acinic cell tumors.

Differences in prognosis between salivary gland mucoepidermoid tumors and acinic cell tumors were compared by means of conventional histopathological grading and nuclear DNA content which was assessed cytochemically by a scanning cytophotometric procedure. The mucoepidermoid tumors were found to show a stronger correlation between histopathological grading and prognosis than did the acinic cell tumors. By using DNA quantification, valuable additional information could be obtained for predicting the behavior of the mucoepidermoid tumors, whereas there was no correlation between DNA content and prognosis for the acinic cell tumors. Regarding the relatively "benign" clinical course of most mucoepidermoid tumors, the term "tumor"--as proposed by the World Health Organization's classification--seems appropriate. In contrast, the more severe clinical courses of the acinic cell tumors justify the use of the term "carcinoma" instead.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed1989

Prognosis of salivary adenocarcinomas. A retrospective study of 52 cases with special regard to cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA content.

52 salivary adenocarcinomas of the years 1965-1980 from the files of the Salivary Gland Registry, Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, were evaluated retrospectively with regard to clinical follow up and cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA content. The age distribution showed a peak from the 6th to 8th decade (range 3 to 87 years). The m:f ratio was 1:1.36, the mean age was 59.3 years. Over 80% of the tumours were located in the major salivary glands. The clinical course was characterized by metastases present at initial diagnosis (16 cases), subsequent development of metastases (9 cases), local recurrence (15 cases) or death from tumour (10 cases) and was related to differentiation, grade 3 tumours showing the worse clinical courses. In 37 cases, nuclear DNA content was determined by a single scanning cytophotometry device. 28 cases were diploid, 9 were atypical. The clinical course was significantly related to the histogram type, atypical tumours showing a dismal prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in breast cancer in relation to tumor size, nodal status, and estrogen receptor content.

The prognostic value of nuclear DNA distribution pattern in relation to tumor size, axillary lymph node status, and estrogen receptor (ER) content was studied in 464 patients with primary, operable mammary adenocarcinoma. The median follow-up time was 3 1/2 years. Slide cytophotometric DNA analysis was performed on morphologically identified Feulgen-stained tumor cells. The tumors were classified into four subgroups according to their DNA histogram type. DNA content was significantly related to tumor size and ER level but not to nodal status. When all variables were stimultaneously introduced into Cox's proportional hazards model, tumor size, nodal status, and DNA profile remained as significant predictors of recurrence. Restricting the analysis to node-negative patients, both DNA profile and tumor size showed a significant prognostic value. DNA did not contribute significant prognostic information in node-positive patients. However, the trends in recurrence-free survival were similar to those in the node-negative subgroup: patients with aneuploid tumors tended to fare worse than those with euploid carcinomas.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1989

Cytophotometry.

Basic differences and similarities of flow and static cytophotometric instruments are viewed with regard to technical peculiarities and applicability in the fields of biology and tumor pathology. In flow systems, precision of the information concerning quantities of constituents is high, whereas precision of information concerning morphologic parameters is low. In static systems, morphologic identification by a trained operator can be used advantageously to classify any given cell interactively, thus replacing a large number of flow parameters. This is why the vast majority of automated static machines used in pathology are still more or less semiautomatic or interactive. Carefully performed specimen-adapted cell preparation procedures in which each step is strictly supervised, highly standardized staining methods, and internal controls are prerequisites in order to obtain reliable cytochemical results. In a number of human tumors with well-controlled cytopathologic and/or histopathologic and clinical data, quantitative cytochemical analysis has been demonstrated to provide diagnostic and prognostic information complementary to that obtained by conventional clinical and morphologic methods.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Nuclear DNA content in anaplastic giant-cell thyroid carcinoma.

The nuclear DNA content was measured in 36 cases of anaplastic giant-cell thyroid carcinoma registered at Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Sweden, between November 1973 and December 1985. The DNA content was measured in morphologically identified single tumor cells by image cytometry. Either fine needle aspirate material or histologic sections from primary tumors, recurrences, or metastases were studied. All tumors were aneuploid. Aneuploidy decreased in four of seven tumors studied sequentially. Analysis of the nuclear DNA content did not provide additional prognostic information and did not explain why occasional patients enjoy longer survival than expected.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Epithelial-myoepithelial duct carcinoma of salivary glands: a follow-up and cytophotometric study of 21 cases.

The Salivary Gland Registry provided 21 cases of epithelial-myoepithelial duct carcinoma of salivary glands from 1965-1980 which were evaluated retrospectively for clinical follow-up and cytophotometric data; 81% were localized in the major, 19% in the minor salivary glands. The male:female ratio was 1:1.1, 10 patients (47.6%) being men and 11 (52.4%) women. The youngest patient was 27, the oldest 91 y old. The mean age was 59.3 y (overall), 57.9 y (women) and 61.0 (men). The clinical course was characterized by lymph node metastases present at initial diagnosis and local recurrences in 23.5%. No patient died of the tumor. In 12 cases, cytochemical assessment of nuclear DNA by means of single cell scanning cytophotometry yielded diploid histograms. According to clinical and cytophotometrical data, epithelial-myoepithelial duct carcinoma of salivary glands can be regarded as a proper tumor entity of low grade malignancy.

Adult↗