Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Aubert

Publications and source records attributed to G Aubert.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Nosocomial infection with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and 8 in a neonate.

A case of pneumonia related to 2 serogroups (1 and 8) of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) in a 10-day-old boy is described together with the epidemiological survey in the maternity ward which made it possible to establish its nosocomial origin. Rodshaped bacteria reacting with an Lp genus-specific monoclonal antibody and serogroup 1 and 8 polyclonal sera were detected in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) collected on day 13. Serogroups 1 and 8 were recovered from cultures of BAL collected on days 12 and 13. Fourfold or more antibody rises to serogroups 1, 5, 8 and 10 of Lp were observed in sequential serum specimens. Water samples collected from the tank and mixer of the maternity ward grew serogroups 1 and 8 of Lp. Serogroup 1 was detected in large amounts in water samples taken at several points of the hot water supply system and from the oxygen nebulizers and the feeding-bottle heater. Analysis of the Lp serogroup 1 strains isolated from the water by subgroup-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of 4 different subgroups, one of which was identical to the Lp 1 subgroup isolated from the neonate's BAL. This latter subgroup, reactive with McKinney monoclonal antibody Mab 2, has been described as highly virulent. No other case of legionellosis was recorded in the maternity ward.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1990

[Appearance of Escherichia coli strain with high production of cephalosporinase during treatment with an amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination].

In the course of an Escherichia coli cholecystitis, demonstrated by positive blood cultures, the authors observed a therapeutic failure with amoxicillin/clavulanate, probably related to the isolation in blood cultures, nine days after the beginning of the treatment, of a beta-lactam resistant E. coli strain (MICs of the amoxicillin combined with clavulanate was 64 mg/l and ceftazidim 16 mg/l). The strains which were recovered before and after treatment were shown to have the same biotype and the same electrophoretic profile for bacterial esterases. The second strain exhibited a high level production of the mediated chromosomal cephalosporinase. In the agar diffusion test, this mutant was more easily detected by ceftazidim than by other third generation cephalosporins. In the middle-stay unit where the patient was cured, cephalosporinase high producing mutants of E. coli were recovered in 0.6 p. cent of the strains versus 5, 1 p. cent for strains with cephalosporinase phenotype and 46.6 p. cent for strains with penicillinase phenotype. This report illustrates the importance of associating two synergistic antibiotics to prevent the emergence of beta-lactam resistant mutants in the course of severe E. coli infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Diffusion of ceftriaxone into the human brain].

Study of the penetration of ceftriaxone into the brain of patients who underwent surgery for cerebral tumors. Seventeen patients received 2 g of ceftriaxone intravenously 2 h to 13 h before blood and brain samples were taken. Ceftriaxone levels in serum and in non tumoral cerebral tissue were determined by the agar well diffusion technique. Hemoglobin concentration was measured in cerebral samples in order to subtract ceftriaxone due to blood contamination. True ceftriaxone levels in cerebral tissue ranged from 0.3 to 12 mcg/g, mean 1.63 mcg/g. The ceftriaxone level ratio in brain and serum was low, mean about 2%, but cerebral ceftriaxone concentrations would be sufficient to inhibit more than 75% of bacteria isolated in recent cerebral abscesses. These results allow to do further therapeutic studies of ceftriaxone in cerebral abscesses due to identified and susceptible bacteria or in random treatment in association with antibiotics directed on anaerobic organisms and resistant hospital strains.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Activity of 5 fluoroquinolones on hospital Gram-negative bacilli with different sensitivities to pefloxacin].

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 5 fluoroquinolones, fleroxacin (FLE), ciprofloxacin (CIP), ofloxacin (OFL), enoxacin (ENO) and norfloxacin (NOR) have been determined by the agar dilution method towards 140 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and 146 Enterobacteriaceae showing different sensitivities to pefloxacin (PEF). The strains were isolated in 1988 at the Bellevue Hospital. The modal MIC is 0.12 for CIP, 0.25 for NOR, 0.5 for OFL, and 1 for FLE and ENO when used on Pa strains which are sensitive to PEF (n = 35) (MIC less than or equal to 1mg/1). The modal MIC is 0.25 - 0.5 for CIP, 0.5 for NOR, 1 for OFL and ENO, and 2 for FLE when used on Pa strains which are of intermediate sensitivity to PEF (n = 70) (1 less than MIC less than or equal to 4). The modal MIC is 2 for CIP, 8 for NOR and OFL, 8 - 16 for ENO, and 32 for FLE when used on Pa strains which are resistant to PEF (n = 35) (MIC greater than 4). The modal MIC is 0.015 for CIP, 0.06 for OFL, 0.12 for FLE, NOR and ENO when used on Escherichia coli strains which are sensitive to PEF (n = 47). The modal MIC is 0.5 for CIP, 1 for OFL and NOR, and 2 FLE and ENO, when used on Escherichia coli strains which are of intermediate sensitivity to PEF (n = 38). The modal MIC is 1 for CIP, 4 for OFL and NOR, 16 for FLE, and 32 for ENO when used on E coli strains which are resistant to PEF (n = 15). The 26 Serratia marcescens and 20 Citrobacter with MIC greater than or equal to 8 for PEF all have MICs greater than 1 and modal MICs greater than or equal to 4 for all the fluoroquinolones studied. CIP always showed greater activity than the other quinolones whatever the sensitivity shown towards PEF.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Comparative study of a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and a combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid on 249 enterobacteria].

A comparison between the MIC of amoxicillin (AMX) and ticarcillin (TIC) in the presence of clavulanic acid (Augmentin: AUG and Claventin: CLV) was made on 168 strains of Escherichia coli resistant to amoxicillin (MIC greater than 16 mg/l) and yet sensitive to ceftriaxone (MIC less than or equal to 4 mg/l) and 81 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae sensitive to Ceftriaxone. All those strains have been isolated between 1986-87 in Bellevue Hospital in Saint-Etienne. On 168 Escherichia coli, 142 have a MIC greater than 128 mg/l of TIC. Those 142 Escherichia coli are sensitive or of an intermediary sensitivity to Cephalothin (MIC less than or equal to 32 mg/l) in 57% cases. Those 142 strains are sensitive to AUG (MIC less than or equal to 4 mg/l) in 13.4% cases, intermediary sensitive to AUG (4 less than MIC less than or equal to 16) in 30.3% cases, sensitive to CLV (CMI less than or equal to 16 mg/l) in 23.3% cases and intermediary sensitive to Claventin (16 less than MIC less than or equal to 64) in 47.2% cases. The 26 Escherichia coli of MIC less than or equal to 64 mg/l of TIC and resistant to Cephalothin (MIC greater than 32 mg/l) have MIC less than or equal to 4 mg/l of AUG In 3.8% cases and MIC less than or equal to 16 mg/l of Claventin in 79.6% cases. The 81 Klebsiella pneumoniae

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1988

[Macrolides].

The first macrolides were marketed almost 30 years ago. These drugs constitute a homogeneous class of antibiotics with very similar mechanisms of action and resistance. Owing to their specific antibacterial spectrum and their mild side-effects, interest in macrolides has now been renewed, notably because of their activity against bacteria that develop within cells. Recent studies have provided additional information on their pharmacokinetic profiles, and notably on their tissue and intracellular distribution.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1987

[Activity of ticarcillin combined with different concentrations of clavulanic acid on 137 Gram-negative bacilli resistant to ticarcillin].

The MIC of ticarcillin exclusively or joined with 3 concentrations of clavulanic acid: (2, 4 and 8 mg/l) was determined by agar dilution in relation to 137 bacilli resistant to ticarcillin (MIC greater than or equal to 256 mg/l) detected between 1985 and 1986 in the Bellevue Hospital in Saint-Etienne. We could study 26 Escherichia coli, 30 Klebsiella, 28 Enterobacter, 36 Serratia and 17 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The concentration of 2 mg/l of clavulanic acid allows to lower the MIC of ticarcillin over the very large majority of strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella resistant to ticarcillin. In those conditions, ticarcillin becomes more active than piperacillin over those species. The concentration of 4 and 8 mg/l of clavulanic acid doesn't bring any real advantage to those bacilli. Moreover the concentrations of 2, 4 and 8 mg/l slightly change the MIC of ticarcillin on the strains of Serratia, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Clavulanic Acids↗
PubMed1987

[Cerebral aspergillosis. Apropos of 4 cases].

Four patients with aspergillosis of the central nervous system collected in less than two years are reported. Three patients had hematologic malignancies (acute myelogenous leukemia, Hodgkin's disease) and were treated with corticosteroids and chemotherapy. One patient received antimicrobial agents fort a post operative meningitis (after acoustic neuroma surgery). Analysis of these cases and review of literature available us to point out the increased frequency of invasive and cerebral aspergillosis particularly in immunocompromised hosts treated by cytotoxic drugs or broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. Diagnosis is very difficult because: --there are non specific radiologic features for aspergillus granuloma, abscess, aneurysm or meningitis, --blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures are invariably negative, --serologic tests have limited value in immunosuppressed patients (poor capacity to elaborate antibodies). Diagnosis can be made only by surgical biopsy who isolate fungal elements. However diagnosis in greatest cases is only made at autopsy. Treatment consist by antifungal drugs administered intravenously and surgery when it is possible. Prognosis of cerebral aspergillosis is very poor and mortality rate very high about 70%.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Protein methylation in normal and cystic fibrosis fibroblasts.

Human-cultured fibroblasts contain protein methylase activities. These activities were determined and the enzymatic products were identified after acid hydrolysis of the protein substrate for protein methylases I (arginine) and III (lysine) and by organic solvent extraction of the methanol produced by alkaline treatment of the protein substrate (for the protein methylase II). A methylation of histidine residues of proteins occurs in cultured fibroblasts. Protein methylase activities were unmodified in the cystic fibrosis fibroblasts as compared to the control cells.

Calcium↗
PubMed1983

[Strategy of the use of immunological tests in the topographical diagnosis of urinary infections].

Assays for bacteria-specific antibodies were performed in 423 hospital patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), 184 of whom also had serodiagnosis by passive haemoagglutination with the strain responsible for the infection. The results of serodiagnosis were expressed as the difference in dilution between the antibody titres found in the patients and those found in pooled sera from healthy subjects. On the basis of this study, a rationale for immunological investigations, particularly in adults, is suggested. When bacteria-specific antibodies are lacking the probability of a lower UTI is 98%; when they are present, the probability of an upper UTI is only 74.5%, but the figure rises to 95% with a positive passive haemoagglutination serodiagnosis. In patients with negative serodiagnosis and positive bacteria-specific antibodies, a topographical diagnosis of UTI by immunological methods becomes impossible. In children, these methods are of little use owing to their poor sensitivity in detecting bacteria-specific antibodies, but the information provided by serodiagnosis is useful for determining the site of infection.

Adolescent↗